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Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell Daren D. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel Terry J. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski Jay Parsons steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. Jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

Self-templated covalent functionalization of graphitic surfaces with a quasi-periodic pattern

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Aggregate 2022年第4期3卷 121-130页

作者： Yuanzhi Xia Johannes Seibel steven De Feyter Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics Department of ChemistryKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium

Patterned covalent functionalization of graphitic surfaces(GSs)is of interest in the development of devices and nanocomposite *** contrast to the strategies using external templates or control for realizing patterned covalent functionalization of GSs,here,we present a self-templated strategy by exploiting the synergistic effects of chemical and physical functionalization of ***,a diazonium salt is reduced by potassium iodide(KI)in dimethyl sulfoxide while the solution is in contact with a GS,resulting in its spatially heterogeneous,that is,chemical and physical,*** heterogeneous functionalization leads to a quasiperiodic pattern of striped corrals with three equivalent orientations in the covalent *** formation of the striped corrals is ascribed to physisorbed domains formed by self-assembled N_(2),which is produced in situ during the reduction of the diazonium salt,preventing the covalent functionalization.

关键词： diazonium chemistry graphitic surfaces patterned covalent functionalization quasi-periodic patterning self-templated strategy

The effect of biochar on mycorrhizal fungi mediated nutrient uptake by coconut(Cocos nucifera L.)seedlings grown on a Sandy Regosol

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 56-73页

作者： Gertrude Scynthya Nirukshan Sanathanie Ranasinghe steven Sleutel Department of Environment Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 6539000 GhentBelgium. Coconut Research Institute Lunuwila 61150Sri Lanka

Biochar amendment of soil may ameliorate inherently infertile soils,such as in the typical coconut(Cocos nucifera L.)growth areas along tropical coasts,where,moreover,temporary moisture stress commonly *** conducted a pot experiment to evaluate the effects of biochar soil amendment(1%w/w)produced from Gliricidia sepium stems(BC-Gly)and rice husks(BC-RiH)on the growth of coconut seedlings and on N and P uptake mediated by mycorrhizae under wet or dry conditions in a Sandy *** pots were divided into root and hyphal zones by a nylon mesh,where 15N labelled N and P nutrients were only provided in the hyphal *** wet conditions,biochar applica-tion did not affect plant growth,while under dry conditions,the BC-Gly increased root and plant growth similar to that under wet ***-Gly increased the acidic pH of the soil to a neutral level,and the microbial community shifted towards a higher fungal *** P accumulated(Pacc)in roots was higher with BC-Gly and BC-RiH under dry and wet conditions,*** weakly correlated with the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)in the hyphal *** BC-Gly roots showed lower N derived from *** conclude that biochar application has no impact on crop growth under wet conditions,while under dry conditions,BC-Gly stimulates crop growth and P uptake,probably through liming induced P availability but also possibly by some enhancement of AMF *** shift in the fungal-oriented microbial community and reduced plant fertilizer N uptake suggested that BC-Gly acted as an additional N source.

关键词： Coconut growing soil 15N isotope labelling Root-exclusion study container Phosphorus Moisture stress

On Effective Campus Attack Response:Insights from Agent-Based Simulation for Improving Emergency Information Sharing System Design and Response Strategy

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第3期13卷 435-447页

作者： steven Beattie Jing Yang Sunny Xi Wai Kin Victor Chan Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China

Information sharing systems are a critical component of emergency response—especially in campus attack situations that unfold very *** design of effective information sharing systems is often difficult,however,due to a lack of data on these assault *** work takes an agent-based approach to simulate three campus emergency information sharing system design alternatives in the context of a college campus knife attack,and incorporates data from on-campus student surveys and parameter tuning *** are evaluated according to:(1)improved student attack response outcomes;and(2)effective institutional response to the *** results confirm that increased awareness supports rapid emergency reporting,but an important gap exists between students'awareness and their ability to respond effectively,which depends on a number of campus-specific factors.A strong positive impact is seen from safe and efficient information sharing with *** impact depends largely on reporting system implementation qualities,as opposed to campus-specific *** a campus in China,WeChat was used as a basis for messaging *** simulation results show a 9%drop in casualties and a 22%faster police response time from a text-based reporting system using‘‘base''WeChat features instead of traditional phone *** results also project a 30%drop in casualties and 52%faster police response time using a system designed around a WeChat Mini Program or standalone campus emergency reporting *** outcomes suggest a number of recommendations for improving outdated campus emergency information-sharing systems and response strategies.

关键词： Agent-based impact analysis Agent-based modeling Campus security Emergency response Information sharing

Recent advances in lung-on-a-chip technology for modeling respiratory disease

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生物设计与制造(英文) 2023年第5期6卷 563-585页

作者： Jorge A.Tavares-Negrete Prativa Das Sahar Najafikhoshnoo steven Zanganeh Rahim Esfandyarpour Department of Electrical Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Henry Samueli School of Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Laboratory for Integrated Nano Bio Electronics Innovation Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Department of Bioengineering University of Massachusetts DartmouthDartmouthMAUSA

Tissue engineering approaches,including those to functional lung tissues,are finely honed by the inclusion of upgraded devices that mimic biophysical and biochemical features in *** culture is one of these essential biophysical characteristics enabled by the introduction of microfluidic devices in recent *** review links the importance of dynamic culture for in vitro maintenance of functional lung cells to the modeling of respiratory *** identify and discuss different parameters for fabricating the requisite microfluidic models for lung cells,as well as their application in modeling lung diseases caused by external factors such as smoking and *** possibility of creating a multi-organ-on-a-chip to establish a more physiologically relevant model is ***,the focus is on different prospects for the in vitro modeling approach and for lungs-on-a-chip for developing advanced,reliable technology to analyze the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases and screen potential treatments.

关键词： Lung-on-a-chip In vitromodeling Lung pathophysiology Respiratory diseases 3D culturemodel

The Three Links policy and stock returns

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Economic and Political Studies 2022年第3期10卷 327-341页

作者： Allen Lin steven Raymar Gabelli School of Business Fordham UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

This study examines whether the Three Links(3L)policy affected stock returns before,during and after the 2008 Taiwan leadership *** evidence shows that companies in the industries benefitting from(being damaged by)the 3L policy earned posi-tive(negative)cumulative abnormal *** the polit-ical party connection/affiliation seems to have had an impact as well,it was not *** both factors–the policy effect and the political connection effect–are considered together,we find that the policy effect persisted during the election,while the political connection effect did *** is obvious that the policy effect is a powerful factor explaining changes of stock returns during the 2008 leadership election in China’s Taiwan.

关键词： The Three Links(3L)policy political connection cumulative abnor-mal returns

Alignment of human KAT2A(GCN5)histone acetyltransferase and SARS-CoV-2 Orf8 viral proteins

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慢性疾病与转化医学:英文版 2023年第3期9卷 263-265页

作者： steven Lehrer Peter H.Rheinstein Division of Pharmacology Fermata PharmaInc.New YorkUSA Division of Pharmacology Severn Health SolutionsSeverna ParkMarylandUSA

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has already claimed the lives of more than six million people,according to the World Health Organization,and the actual death toll may exceed 18 *** are avoiding severe cases of COvID-19 thanks to vaccines,medications,and immunity from prior *** the virus's capacity to block the body's immune response,made possible by its arsenal of proteins,is one factor in its propensity to spread.

关键词： alignment protein virus

Alignment of human aquaporin 4 andß-amyloid proteins may indicate involvement ofß-amyloid in brain water homeostasis and prevention of brain edema

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2023年第2期9卷 177-181页

作者： steven Lehrer Peter H.Rheinstein Fermata Pharma Inc.New YorkNew YorkUSA Severn Health Solutions Severna ParkMarylandUSA

The amyloid hypothesis states that the buildup ofßamyloid in the brain is the main factor for Alzheimer's disease(AD)*** imbalance betweenßamyloid production andß-amyloid clearance causes the advanced stages of the di... 详细信息

关键词： alignment brain edema protein

Nitrogen-doped biochars as adsorbents for mitigation of heavy metals and organics from water:a review

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 906-935页

作者： Nitesh Kasera Praveen Kolar steven G.Hall Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA

Mitigation of toxic contaminants from wastewater is crucial to the safety and sustainability of the aquatic ecosystem and human *** is a pressing need to find economical and efficient technologies for municipal,agricultural,aquacultural,and industrial wastewater ***-doped biochar,which is synthesized from waste biomass,is shown to exhibit good adsorptive performance towards harmful aqueous contaminants,including heavy metals and organic ***-porating nitrogen into the biochar matrix changes the overall electronic structure of biochar,which favors the interaction of N-doped biochar with *** this review,we start the discussion with the preparation techniques and raw materials used for the production of N-doped biochar,along with its structural ***,the adsorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants on N-doped biochars is systematically *** adsorption mechanisms of contaminant removal by N-doped biochar are also clearly ***,mathematical analyses of adsorption,crucial to the quantification of adsorption,process design,and understanding of the mechanics of the process,are ***,the influence of environmental parameters on the adsorption process and the reusability of N-doped biochars are critically ***,future research trends for the design and development of application-specific preparation of N-doped biochars for wastewater treatment are suggested.

关键词： N-doped Nitrogen-enriched Adsorption Wastewater Mechanism