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Eastern Asian endemic seed plant genera and their paleogeographic history throughout the Northern Hemisphere

Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第1期47卷 1-42页

作者： steven R.MANCHESTER Kazuhiko UEMURA Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida National Museum of Nature and Science

We review the fossil history of seed plant genera that are now endemic to eastern Asia. Although the majority of eastern Asian endemic genera have no known fossil record at all, 54 genera, or about 9%, are reliably known from the fossil record. Most of these are woody (with two exceptions), and most are today either broadly East Asian, or more specifically confined to Sino-Japanese subcategory rather than being endemic to the Sino-Himalayan area. Of the "eastern Asian endemic" genera so far known from the fossil record, the majority formerly occurred in Europe and/or North America, indicating that eastern Asia served as a late Tertiary or Quaternary refugium for taxa. Hence, many of these genera may have originated in other parts of the Northern Hemisphere and expanded their ranges across continents and former sea barriers when tectonic and climatic conditions al- lowed, leading to their arrival in eastern Asia. Although clear evidence for paleoendemism is provided by the gymnosperms Amentotaxus, Cathaya, Cephalotaxus, Cunninghamia, Cryptomeria, Glyptostrobus, Ginkgo, Ketel-eeria, Metasequoia, Nothotsuga, Pseudolarix, Sciadopitys, and Taiwania, and the angiosperms Cercidiphyllum, Choerospondias, Corylopsis, Craigia, Cyclocarya, Davidia, Dipelta, Decaisnea, Diplopanax, Dipteronia, Em-menopterys, Eucommia, Euscaphis, Hemiptelea, Hovenia, Koelreuteria, Paulownia, Phellodendron, Platycarya, Pteroceltis, Rehderodendron, Sargentodoxa, Schizophragma, Sinomenium, Tapiscia, Tetracentron, Toricellia, Trapella, and Trochodendron, we cannot rule out the possibility that neoendemism plays an important role especially for herbaceous taxa in the present-day flora of Asia, particularly in the Sino-Himalayan region. In addition to reviewing paleobotanical occurrences from the literature, we document newly recognized fossil occurrences that expand the geographic and stratigraphic ranges previously known for Dipelta, Pteroceltis, and Toricellia.

关键词： Cretaceous eastern Asia endemic paleobotany phytogeography Tertiary

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Breath volatile organic compounds for the gut-fatty liver axis: promise, peril, and path forward

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 9017-9025页

作者： steven Francis Solga Solga Gastroenterology Bethlehem PA 18015 United States

The worldwide interest in the gut microbiome and its impact on the upstream liver highlight a critical upside to breath research: it can uniquely measure otherwise unmeasurable biology. Bacteria make gases [volatile organic compounds(VOCs)] that are directly relevant to pathophysiology of the fatty liver and associated conditions, including obesity. Measurement of these VOCs and their metabolites in the exhaled breath, therefore, present an opportunity to safely and easily evaluate, on both a personal and a population level, some of our most pressing public health threats. This is an opportunity that must be pursued. To date, however, breath analysis remains a slowly evolving field which only occasionally impacts clinical research or patient care. One major obstacle to progress is that breath analysis is inherently and emphatically mutli-disciplinary: it connects engineering, chemistry, breath mechanics, biology and medicine. Unbalanced or incomplete teams may produce inconsistent and often unsatisfactory results. A second impediment is the lack of a well-known stepwise structure for the development of non-invasive diagnostics. As a result, the breath research landscape is replete with orphaned single-center pilot studies. Often, important hypotheses and key observations have not been pursued to maturation. This paper reviews the rationale and requirements for breath VOC research applied to the gut-fatty liver axis and offers some suggestions for future development.

关键词： Breath Volatile organic compounds Fatty liver Gut flora Breath analysis

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Unified control and detection framework and its applications: a review, some new results, and future perspectives

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2021年第5期32卷 995-1013页

作者： DING steven Xianchuan LI Linlin JIANG Bin Institute for Automatic Control and Complex Systems University of Duisburg-EssenDuisburg 47057Germany School of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China College of Automation Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

Initiated three decades ago,integrated design of controllers and fault detectors has continuously attracted research *** recent development of the unified control and detection framework with an observer-based residual generator in its core gives a more general form of the previous *** applications to residual centred modelling of uncertain control systems,fault detection in feedback control systems with uncertainties,fault-tolerant control(FTC)as well as control performance degradation monitoring,detection and recovery are *** conclusion,some future perspectives are proposed.

关键词： unified framework of control and detection observer-based residual generator Youla parameterisation detection of additive and multiplicative faults in control loop fault-tolerant control(FTC) loop performance degradation(LPD)monitoring and recovery

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Type Ⅱ codes over finite rings

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Science China Mathematics 2010年第1期53卷 203-212页

作者： DOUGHERTY steven T Department of Mathematics University of Scranton ScrantonPA 18510 USA

In this paper,we generalize the concept of Type Ⅱ codes to arbitrary finite rings. We focus on Type Ⅱ codes over finite chain rings and use the Chinese Remainder Theorem on these codes to study Type Ⅱ codes over pr... 详细信息

关键词： finite principal ideal rings finite chain rings self-dual codes Type Ⅱ codes

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Explosive Expansion,Sociotechnical Diversity,and Fragile Sovereignty in the Domain of the Inka

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Journal of Social Computing 2022年第1期3卷 57-74页

作者： steven A.Wernke the Department of Anthropology Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA

Societies of the late prehispanic Andes-the Inkas principal among them-have long figured as“exceptions to the rule”in social evolutionary schemata,in large measure because they seemingly lacked key technological hallmarks of complex societies found in other world regions,despite their observed large scale and complex,hierarchical political and economic *** presumed absences are encoded in the Seshat Global History Databank,a large global comparative diachronic database recording many dimensions of human *** derived from the current version of the Seshat database necessarily reproduce these supposed absences,as they inhere in its data ontology,structure,and ***,patterns observed in the dataset provide a means for identifying processes acting on and through Andean peoples and the complex political formations they ***,this paper evaluates a proposed information processing threshold model of social evolution,which suggests that social dynamics are driven first by processes related to social scale,and then by a phase of dynamics in which further scalar increases are only possible through innovations in information *** Andean region appears to violate this model because the Seshat database records writing and other information processing technologies as absent in the case of the Inka *** author argues that the dynamics of the Andean region are actually consistent with the information threshold model,but the data as constituted do not capture the relevant *** Inkas elaborated sophisticated information processing on par with counterparts in other world regions,but through radically distinct forms and pathways,including the Andean khipu(knotted string registries),decimal administration,and a colossal logistical and administrative infrastructural *** interwoven bundle of technologies and institutions constituted an information revolution that surpassed the information thresh

关键词： social complexity technology Andes data ontology imperialism fragility

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Modification of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 by reactive lipid species: role in neural regeneration and diseases of aging

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第6期11卷 908-909页

作者： steven H.Graham Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System

Role of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1（UCHL1）in brain function：Ubiquitin is used by a variety of cellular systems to tag proteins for transport to various *** are a number of enzymes in the ubiquitin-proteasome ... 详细信息

关键词： ubiquitin proteasome regeneration Ubiquitin hydrolase Modification synaptic neuronal lipid enzymes

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Safety and in Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus umbellata (Vahl.) Leaves

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 94-112页

作者： Atchadé Pascal Tchogou steven Amour Pyus Tanguy Vignon Chokki Gbèssohèlè Justin Behanzin Tétédé Rodrigue Christian Konfo Perside Savoeda Félicienne Agbogba Léocardie Akpoli Lamine Baba-Moussa Maximin Senou Alphonse Sezan Experimental and Clinical Biology Unit (UBEC) Biotechnology Research Laboratory Medical and Pharmaceutical (LaRBiMeP) Na-tional School of Biosciences and Biotechnology of Dassa-Zoumé (ENSBBA) National University of Science Technology and Engi-neering of Abomey (UNSTIM) Dassa-Zoumé Benin Laboratory of Pharmacology and Improved Traditional Medicines (LPMTA) Faculty of Science and Technology (FAST) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin National University of Agriculture (UNA) Schools of Science and Techniques for Preservation and Processing of Agricultural Prod-ucts (ESTCTPA) Sakété Benin Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Toxicity is the totality of adverse effects, which can be functional and morphological lesions in a living organism, caused by a substance introduced in relatively high single doses or in small, repeated doses. The aim of this study was to assess the OECD-recommended acute oral toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Ficus umbellata leaves. Animals were given a single oral dose of 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/Kg body weight (BW) of the extract. For the anti-inflammatory activity test, rats were given the ethanolic extract of F. umbellata leaves at doses of 100, 300 and 500 mg/Kg or aspirin® at a concentration of 100 mg/Kg PC orally, one hour before injection of 0.05 ml of 1% formalin under the plantar fascia of the rat’s right hind paw. Paw volume measurements were taken one, two and three hours after formalin injection, using an electronic caliper. After 14 days of observation, no deaths were observed in treated rats. The LD50 of ethanolic extract of Ficus umbellata leaf powder is greater than 5000 mg/Kg body weight. This extract has no significant effects on hematological parameters and on the main markers of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity for a single dose of less than 5000 mg/Kg PC. It reduces formalin-induced edema. Evaluation of the percentage inhibition showed that the extract had greater anti-inflammatory activity at 3 hours after the start of the experiment. However, better inhibition of inflammatory oedema of the paw of rats treated with 500 mg/Kg was observed at 5 hours after the start of the experiment, with a percentage inhibition of 69.23 ± 1.02, compared with the reference group treated with aspirin® 100 mg/Kg, which showed an inhibition of 63.50 ± 0.98. These results show that F. umbellata leaves possess anti-inflammatory activity, which would justify their use in traditional African medicine to prevent or treat inflammation.

关键词： Ficus umbellata Toxicity Anti-Inflammatory Edema Inflammation

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Idiopathic fistula-in-ano

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第28期17卷 3277-3285页

作者： Sherief Shawki steven D Wexner Department of Colorectal Surgery Cleveland Clinic Florida Department of Surgery Suez Canal University

Fistula-in-ano is the most common form of perineal ***,a fistula includes an internal opening,a track,and an external *** external opening might acutely appear following infection and/or an abscess,or more insiduously in a chronic *** includes control of infection,assessment of the fistulous track in relation to the anal sphincter muscle,and finally,definitive treatment of the *** was the most commonly used mode of management,but concerns about post-fistulotomy incontinence prompted the use of sphincter preserving techniques such as advancement flaps,fibrin glue,collagen fistula plug,ligation of the intersphincteric fistula track,and stem *** descriptive and comparative studies have evaluated these different techniques with variable *** lack of consistent results,level I evidence,or long-term follow-up,as well as the heterogeneity of fistula pathology has prevented a definitive treatment *** article will review the most commonly available modalities and techniques for managing idiopathic fistula-in-ano.

关键词： Anal fistula Seton Fistulotomy Advancement flap Fibrin glue Fistula plug

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Treatment strategies in obstructed defecation and fecal incontinence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3168-3173页

作者： Marat Khaikin steven D Wexner Department of Colorectal Surgery Cleveland Clinic Florida WestonFL 33331United States

Obstructed defecation （OD） and fecal incontinence （FI） are challenging clinical problems, which are commonly encountered in the practice of colorectal surgeons and gastroenterologists. These disorders sodally and psychologically distress patients and greatly impair their quality of life. The underlying anatomical and pathophysiological changes are complex, often incompletely understood and cannot always be determined. As a consequence, many medical, surgical, and behavioral approaches have been described, with no panacea. Over the past decade, advances in an understanding of these disorders together with rational and similar methods of evaluation in anorectal physiology laboratories （ARP）, radiology studies, and new surgical techniques have led to promising results. In this brief review, we discuss treatment strategies and recent updates on clinical and therapeutic aspects of obstructed defecation and fecal incontinence.

关键词： Obstructed defecation Fecal incontinence Treatment

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Introduction to IEEE 802.3av 10Gbit/s Ethernet Passive Optical Networks(10G EPON)

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China Communications 2009年第4期6卷 136-147页

作者： steven Scott Gorshe Jeff Mandin ICs for Optical Transmission and Access Systems United States Transmission Access and Optical Systems Technical Committee United States PMC-Sierra's Fiber-to-the-Home Business Unit United States

In the competitive broadband access environment, providing access to"triple play"services(voice, video, and high-speed data) is an important way for both telephone and CATV network providers to increase their *** Optical Networks(PONs) are a cost-effective, flexible, and future-proof medium for providing triple play *** 1 Gbit/s IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet PON(EPON) and ITU-T G.984 2.5 Gbit/ s PON(GPON) are currently being deployed for triple play service ***, high definition switched digital video service such as IPTV will require more *** paper provides a tutorial overview of the IEEE 802.3av 10Gbit/s Ethernet PON(10G EPON) standard, including the ways in which it differs from EPON.

关键词： IEEE 以太网计算机网络电子邮件

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