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Trends and seasonality in hospitalizations for acute alcohol-related and biliary pancreatitis in the USA

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases international 2021年第2期20卷 173-181页

作者： Artem Shmelev Anne m Sill Tiffany Horrigan steven C Cunningham Department of Surgery Saint Agnes HealthcareBaltimoreMDUSA

Background:The incidence of acute pancreatitis(AP)is characterized by circannual and geographical *** aim of this study was to describe seasonal variation and trends in hospitalizations for AP in the USA with respect to AP ***:The Nationwide inpatient Sample data(2000–2016)from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project were *** study population included all primary hospitalizations for *** AP(BAP)and alcohol-induced AP(AAP)were distinguished by diagnostic and procedural iCD *** trend decomposition was ***:There was a linear increase in annual incidence(per 100000 population)of AAP in the USA(from 17.0 in 2000 to 22.9 in 2016),while incidence of BAP,equaled 19.9 in 2000,peaked at 22.1 in 2006 and decreased to 17.4 in *** incidence demonstrated 18%annual incidence amplitude with summer peak and winter trough,more prominent in *** 2016,within AAP,the highest incidence(per 100000 population)was noted among African-Americans(up to 50.4),followed by males aged 56–70 years(26.5)and Asians of low income(25.5);within BAP,above the average incidence was observed in Hispanic(up to 25.8)and Asian(up to 25.0)*** most consistent and rapid increase in AP incidence was noted in males aged 56–70 years with an alcoholic etiology(average 6%annual incidence growth).Conclusions:The incidence and annual trends of AP vary significantly among demographic and socioeconomic groups and this knowledge may be useful for the planning of healthcare resources and identification of at-risk populations.

关键词： Pancreatitis Alcoholic pancreatitis incidence Seasonal variation

influence of free water availability on a desert carnivore and herbivore

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 121-129页

作者： Bryan m. KLUEVER Eric m. GESE steven J. DEmPSEY Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA

Anthropogenic manipulation of finite resources on the landscape to benefit individual species or communities is commonly employed by conservation and management agencies. One such action in arid regions is the construction and maintenance of water developments （i.e., wildlife guzzlers） adding free water on the landscape to buttress local populations, influence animal movements, or af- fect distributions of certain species of interest. Despite their prevalence, the utility of wildlife guzzlers remains largely untested. We employed a before-after control-impact （BACi） design over a 4-year period on the US Army Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, USA, to determine whether water avaiJability at wildlife guzzlers influenced relative abundance of black-tailed jackrabbits Lepus californicus and relative use of areas near that resource by coyotes Canis latrans, and whether coyote visitations to guzzlers would decrease following elimination of water. Eliminating water availability at guzzlers did not influence jackrabbit relative abundance. Coyote relative use was impacted by water availability, with elimination of water reducing use in areas associated with our treatment, but not with areas associated with our control. Visitations of radio-collared coyotes to guzzlers declined nearly 3-fold following elimination of water. Our study provides the first evidence of a potential direct effect of water sources on a mammalian carnivore in an arid environment, but the ecological relevance of our finding is debatable. Future investigations aimed at determining water effects on terrestrial mam- mals could expand on our findings by incorporating manipulations of water availability, obtaining absolute estimates of population parameters and vital rates and incorporating fine-scale spatiotem- poral data.

关键词： arid black-tailed jackrabbit Canis latrans coyote Lepus cafifornicus.

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: One family's story

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第1期6卷 1-5页

作者： Haley m Zylberberg Keith Sultan steven Rubin Donald and Barbara Zucker School of medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Division of Gastroenterology Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer(HDGC) is an inherited form of gastric cancer that carries a poor prognosis. most HDGCs are caused by an autosomal dominant genetic mutation in the CDH1 gene, which carries a 70%-80% lifetime risk of gastric cancer. Given its submucosal origin, endoscopic surveillance is an unreliable means of early detection, and prophylactic gastrectomy is recommended for CDH1 positive individuals older than age 20 years. We describe the case of a male with recurrent gastric cancer who was diagnosed with HDGC secondary to the CDH1 mutation, and we also describe the patient's pedigree and outcomes of recommended genetic testing.

关键词： Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer Genetic testing Genetic diseases Gastric cancer Lobular breast cancer inheritable diseases

Breeding high-yield superior quality hybrid super rice by rational design

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National Science Review 2016年第3期3卷 283-294页

作者： Qian Qian Longbiao Guo steven m.Smith Jiayang Li State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research(Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Agricultural Genomics institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania

The challenge of meeting the increasing demand for worldwide rice production has driven a sustained quest for advances in rice breeding for yield. Two breakthroughs that led to quantum leaps in productivity last century were the introduction of semidwarf varieties and of hybrid rice. Subsequent gains in yield have been incremental. The next major leap in rice breeding is now upon us through the application of rational design to create defined ideotypes. The exploitation of wide-cross compatibility and intersubspecific heterosis,combined with rapid genome sequencing and the molecular identification of genes for major yield and quality traits have now unlocked the potential for rational design.

关键词： Oryza sativa L super rice hybrids molecular breeding grain yield grain quality

A Third Order Accurate in Time,BDF-Type Energy Stable Scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard Equation

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Numerical mathematics(Theory,methods and Applications) 2022年第2期15卷 279-303页

作者： Kelong Cheng Cheng Wang steven m.Wise Yanmei Wu School of Science Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyangSichuan 621010P.R.China Department of mathematics The University of MassachusettsNorth DartmouthMA 02747USA Department of mathematics The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

in this paper we propose and analyze a backward differentiation formula(BDF)type numerical scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard equation with third order temporal *** Fourier pseudo-spectral method is used to discretize *** surface diffusion and the nonlinear chemical potential terms are treated implicitly,while the expansive term is approximated by a third order explicit extrapolation formula for the sake of *** addition,a third order accurate Douglas-Dupont regularization term,in the form of−A_(0)△t^(2)△_( N)(φ^(n+1)−φ^(n)),is added in the numerical *** particular,the energy stability is carefully derived in a modified version,so that a uniform bound for the original energy functional is available,and a theoretical justification of the coefficient A becomes *** a result of this energy stability analysis,a uniform-in-time L_(N)^(6)bound of the numerical solution is *** also,the optimal rate convergence analysis and error estimate are provided,in the L_(△t)^(∞)(0,T;L_(N)^(2))∩L^(2)_(△ t)(0,T;H_(h)^(2))norm,with the help of the L_(N)^(6)bound for the numerical solution.A few numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the numerical scheme and the third order convergence.

关键词： Cahn-Hilliard equation third order backward differentiation formula unique solvability energy stability discrete L6 N estimate optimal rate convergence analysis

An Efficient,Energy Stable Scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkman System

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第4期13卷 929-957页

作者： Craig Collins Jie Shen steven m.Wise Department of mathematics University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37912USA Department of mathematics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

We present an unconditionally energy stable and uniquely solvable finite difference scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkman(CHB)system,which is comprised of a Cahn-Hilliard-type diffusion equation and a generalized Brinkman equation modeling fluid *** CHB system is a generalization of the Cahn-Hilliard-Stokes model and describes two phase very viscous flows in porous *** scheme is based on a convex splitting of the discrete CH energy and is *** equations at the implicit time level are nonlinear,but we prove that they represent the gradient of a strictly convex functional and are therefore uniquely solvable,regardless of time step *** to energy stability,we show that the scheme is stable in the time and space discrete ℓ^(∞)(0,T;H_(h)^(1))and ℓ^(2)(0,T;H_(h)^(2))*** also present an efficient,practical nonlinear multigrid method–comprised of a standard FAS method for the Cahn-Hilliard part,and a method based on the Vanka smoothing strategy for the Brinkman part-for solving these *** particular,we provide evidence that the solver has nearly optimal complexity in typical *** solver is applied to simulate spinodal decomposition of a viscous fluid in a porous medium,as well as to the more general problems of buoyancy-and boundary-driven flows.

关键词： Cahn-Hilliard equation Stokes equations Brinkman equation finite difference methods nonlinear multigrid convex splitting energy stability

minimally invasive and open gallbladder cancer resections: 30-vs 90-day mortality

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases international 2017年第4期16卷 405-411页

作者： Naeem Goussous motahar Hosseini Anne m Sill steven C Cunningham Department of Surgery Saint Agnes HospitalBaltimoreMDUSA

BACKGROUND:minimally invasive surgery is increasingly used for gallbladder cancer *** mortality at 30 days is low,but 90-day mortality is ***:Using National Cancer Database(1998-2012),all resection patients were ***-and 90-day mortality rates were ***:A total of 36 067 patients were identified,19 139(53%) of whom underwent *** age was 71 years and 70.7% were ***-day mortality following surgical resection was 2.3-fold higher than 30-mortality(17.1% vs 7.4%).There was a statistically significant increase in 30-and 90-day mortality with poorly differentiated tumors,presence of lymphovascular invasion,tumor stage,incomplete surgical resection and low-volume centers(Pients who underwent minimally invasive resection between 2010 and 2012,the 90-day mortality was 2.8-fold higher than the 30-day mortality(12.0% vs 4.3%).CONCLUSiONS:Ninety-day mortality following gallbladder cancer resection is significantly higher than 30-day *** mortality is associated with tumor grade,lymphovascular invasion,tumor stage,type and completeness of surgical resection as well as type and volume of facility.

关键词： gallbladder cancer laparoscopic minimally invasive survival radical cholecystectomy complications

metabolic pathways as possible therapeutic targets for progressive multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第8期12卷 1262-1267页

作者： Rebecca m.Heidker mitchell R.Emerson steven m.Le Vine Department of molecular and integrative Physiology University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy-Glendale Midwestern University

Unlike relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, there are very few therapeutic options for patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. While immune mechanisms are key participants in the pathogenesis of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, the mechanisms underlying the development of progressive multiple sclerosis are less well understood. Putative mechanisms behind progressive multiple sclerosis have been put forth： insufficient energy production via mitochondrial dysfunction, activated microglia, iron accumulation, oxidative stress, activated astrocytes, Wallerian degeneration, apoptosis, etc. Furthermore, repair processes such as remyelination are incomplete. Experimental therapies that strive to improve metabolism within neurons and glia, e.g., oligodendrocytes, could act to counter inadequate energy supplies and/or support remyelination. most experimental approaches have been examined as standalone interventions; however, it is apparent that the biochemical steps being targeted are part of larger pathways, which are further intertwined with other metabolic pathways. Thus, the potential benefits of a tested intervention, or of an established therapy, e.g., ocrelizumab, could be undermined by constraints on upstream and/or downstream steps. if correct, then this argues for a more comprehensive, multifaceted approach to therapy. Here we review experimental approaches to support neuronal and glial metabolism, and/or promote remyelination, which may have potential to lessen or delay progressive multiple sclerosis.

关键词： acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase biotin estrogen iron Kynurenine pathway mitochondria thyroidhormone remyelination stem cells vitamin D

Phenotypic plasticity in prostate cancer： role of ntrinsically disordered proteins

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第5期18卷 704-710页

作者： steven m mooney mohit Kumar Jolly Herbert Levine Prakash Kulkarni Department of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Center for Theoretical Biological Physics Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA Department of Bioengineering Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research University of Maryland Rockville Maryland 20850 USA

A striking characteristic of cancer ceLls is their remarkable phenotypic plasticity, which is the ability to switch states or phenotypes in response to environmental fluctuations. Phenotypic changes such as a partial or complete epithelial to mesenchymal transition （EmT） that play important roles in their survival and proliferation, and development of resistance to therapeutic treatments, are widely believed to arise due to somatic mutations in the genome. However, there is a growing concern that such a deterministic view is not entirely consistent with multiple lines of evidence, which indicate that stochasticity may also play an important role in driving phenotypic plasticity. Here, we discuss how stochasticity in protein interaction networks （PiNs） may play a key role in determining phenotypic plasticity in prostate cancer （PCa）. Specifically, we point out that the key players driving transitions among different phenotypes （epithelial, mesenchymal, and hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal）, including ZEB1, SNAil, OVOL1, and OVOL2, are intrinsically disordered proteins （iDPs） and discuss how plasticity at the molecular level may contribute to stochasticity in phenotypic switching by rewiring PiNs. We conclude by suggesting that targeting iDPs implicated in EmT in PCa may be a new strategy to gain additional insights and develop novel treatments for this disease, which is the most common form of cancer in adult men.

关键词： epithelial to mesenchymal transition intrinsically disordered proteins prostate cancer state-switching