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The 13th and 14th Workshops on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第5期37卷 423-430页

作者： Matthew A.LAZZARA Sophie A.ORENDORF Taylor P.NORTON Jordan g.POWERS David H.BROMWICH Scott CARPENTIER John J.CASSANO steven R.COLWELL Arthur M.CAYETTE Kirstin WERNER Antarctic Meteorological Research Center Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Physical Sciences School of Arts and SciencesMadison Area Technical CollegeMadison WI 53704USA Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 53706USA Polar Meteorology group Byrd Polar&Climate Research CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus OH 43210USA Bureau of Meteorology HobartTasmania 7001Australia Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of ColoradoBoulderCO 80309USA British Antarctic Survey Cambridge CB30ETUnited Kingdom Naval Information Warfare Center CharlestonSC 29406USA Year of Polar Prediction(YOPP)International Coordination Office Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven 27570Germany

*** In July 2018,the Antarctic community came together to meet at the 13th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate(WAMC)in Madison,Wisconsin,USA(Fig.1);and in the following year in June 2019,the 14th WAMC was held in Charleston,South Carolina,USA(Fig.2).With a growing history,the WAMC addresses the topics of Antarctic meteorology and climate(Kameda et al.,2008;Colwell et al.,2016;Lazzara et al.,2018)as well as weather-related issues of scientific and operational *** workshops bring together researchers,operational forecasters,numerical modelers,observational specialists,and *** themes of both workshops included Antarctic meteorological observations,Antarctic atmospheric numerical modeling,Antarctic meteorological and climate research,and Antarctic weather forecasting and operational *** 2018 and 2019 WAMC were both followed by a one-day focus on the Year of Polar Prediction-Southern Hemisphere(YOPP-SH),when preparations and follow-up discussions were made with regard to the YOPP Special Observing Period from 16 November 2018 to 15 February 2019.

关键词： Antarctic weather meteorological

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Variability and change of climate extremes from indigenous herder knowledge and at meteorological stations across central Mongolia

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第2期14卷 286-297页

作者： Sukh TUMENJARgAL steven RFASSNACHT Niah BHVENABLE Alison PKINgSTON Maria EFERNANDEZ-gIMENEZ Batjav BATBUYAN Melinda JLAITURI Martin KAPPAS gADYABADAM ESS-Watershed Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1476USA Cabinet Secretariat of government of Mongolia State HouseUlaanbaatar City 14201Mongolia Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory Fort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1499USA Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Fort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1375USA Cartography GIS and Remote Sensing DepartmentInstitute of GeographyGeorg-August Universität GöttingenGöttingen 37007Germany FRS-Rangeland Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1472USA Center for Nomadic Pastoralism Studies Ulaanbaatar 210620Mongolia Institute of Meteorology Hydrology and the EnvironmentUlaanbaatar 210620Mongolia

In semi-arid regions,air temperatures have increased in the last decades more than in many other parts of the *** has an arid/semi-arid climate and much of the population are herders whose livelihoods depend upon limited water resources that fluctuate with a variable *** were surveyed to identify their observations of changes in climate extremes for two soums of central Mongolia,Ikh-Tamir in the forest steppe north of the Khangai Mountains and Jinst in the desert steppe south of the *** herders’indigenous knowledge of changes in climate extremes mostly aligned with the station-based analyses of *** were warming with more warm days and nights at all *** were fewer cool days and nights observed at the mountain stations both in the summer and winter,yet more cool days and nights were observed in the winter at the desert steppe *** number of summer days is increasing while the number of frost days is decreasing at all *** results of this study support further use of local knowledge and meteorological observations to provide more holistic analysis of climate change in different regions of the world.

关键词： climate change climate extreme indices indigenous knowledge systems temperature precipitation

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Highly efficient THz four-wave mixing in doped silicon

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第5期10卷 806-811页

作者： Nils Dessmann Nguyen H.Le Viktoria Eless steven Chick Kamyar Saeedi Alberto Perez-Delgado Sergey g.Pavlov Alexander F.g.van der Meer Konstantin L.Litvinenko Ian galbraith Nikolay V.Abrosimov Helge Riemann Carl R.Pidgeon gabriel Aeppli Britta Redlich Benedict N.Murdin Radboud University Institute for Molecules and MaterialsHFML-FELIXNijmegenThe Netherlands Advanced Technology Institute and Department of Physics University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute of Optical Sensor Systems German Aerospace CenterBerinGermany Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences SUPAHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK Leibniz-Institut fur Kristallzuchtung(IKZ) BerlinGermany Laboratory for Solid State Physics ETH Zurich8093 ZurichSwitzerland Institut de Physique EPFL1015 LausanneSwitzerland Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 VlligenSwitzerland

Third-order non-linearities are important because they allow control over light pulses in ubiquitous high-quality centro-symmetric materials like silicon and *** four-wave mixing provides a direct measure of the third-order non-linear sheet susceptibility x^(3)(where L represents the material thickness)as well as technological possibilities such as optically gated detection and emission of *** picosecond pulses from a free electron laser,we show that silicon doped with P or Bi has a value of x^(3)Lin the THz domain that is higher than that reported for any other material in any wavelength *** immediate implication of our results is the efficient generation of intense coherent THz light via upconversion(also a x^(3)process),and they open the door to exploitation of nondegenerate mixing and optical nonlinearities beyond the perturbative regime.

关键词： mixing wave Highly

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Prospective,multicentre study of screening,investigation and management of hyponatraemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage in the UK and Ireland

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第3期8卷 207-216,I0028-I0059页

作者： James J M Loan steven Tominey Kirun Baweja Julie Woodfield Thomas J g Chambers Mark Haley Simran S Kundu H Y Josephine Tang Anthony N Wiggins Michael T C Poon Paul M Brennan Translational Neurosurgery The University of Edinburgh Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesEdinburghUK Neurosurgery NHS LothianEdinburghUK Neurosurgery Institute of Neurological SciencesGlasgowUK Department of Medicine School of MedicineDentisty and NuringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Internal Medicine Queen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences University of EdinburghEdinburghUK Edinburgh Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology NHS LothianEdinburghUK Radiology University Hospitals Plymouth NHS TrustPlymouthUK Department of Medicine Cork University HospitalUniversity College CorkCorkIreland

Background Hyponatraemia often occurs after subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH).However,its clinical significance and optimal management are *** audited the screening,investigation and management of hyponatraemia after *** We prospectively identified consecutive patients with spontaneous SAH admitted to neurosurgical units in the United Kingdom or *** reviewed medical records daily from admission to discharge,21 days or death and extracted all measurements of serum sodium to identify hyponatraemia(ge or 21 days and admission duration>10 *** of hyponatraemia with outcome were assessed using logistic regression with adjustment for predictors of outcome after SAH and admission *** assessed hyponatraemia-free survival using multivariable Cox *** 175/407(43%)patients admitted to 24 neurosurgical units developed hyponatraemia.5976 serum sodium measurements were *** osmolality,urine osmolality and urine sodium were measured in 30/166(18%)hyponatraemic patients with complete *** most frequently target daily fluid intake was>3 L and this did not differ during hyponatraemic or non-hyponatraemic episodes.26%(n/N=42/164)patients with hyponatraemia received sodium supplementation.133(35%)patients were dead or dependent within the study period and 240(68%)patients had hospital admission for over 10 *** the multivariable analyses,hyponatraemia was associated with less dependency(adjusted OR(aOR)=0.35(95%CI 0.17 to 0.69))but longer admissions(aOR=3.2(1.8 to 5.7)).World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade I-III,modified Fisher 2-4 and posterior circulation aneurysms were associated with greater hazards of *** In this comprehensive multicentre prospective-adjusted analysis of patients with SAH,hyponatraemia was investigated inconsistently and,for most patients,was not associated with changes in management or clinical outcome.T

关键词： admitted urine centre

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Coevolution of Male and Female Response Preferences to Sexual Signals in Music Frogs

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Asian Herpetological Research 2016年第2期7卷 87-95页

作者： Jianguo CUI Jichao WANg guangzhan FANg Xiaowei SONg steven E.BRAUTH Yezhong TANg Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology College of Life SciencesHainan Normal University School of Life Sciences Xinyang Normal University Department of Psychology University of MarylandCollege Park

Male signaling influences both female choice and male-male competition. Although male signaling characteristics and female preferences have been shown to coevolve in many species, few studies have examined whether male signal characteristics and male receiver responses related to male-male competition also coevolve. The present study tested the hypothesis that male and female signal receiver preferences may coevolve in parallel for flogs in the genus Babina by comparing the acoustic structure of male advertisement calls of four closely related and geographically isolated Babina species. Then we assessed the behavioral responses of both male and female B. daunchina （Emei music frog） to male call playbacks from each of the four species. The results support the hypothesis that male and female signal receiver preferences have coevolved in this species. Specifically, both male and female B. daunchina respond strongly to the heterospecific calls of B. hainanensis, suggesting that preexisting biases exist in both females and males. Both male and female individuals showed a slight response to the calls of B. adenopleura while no response was evoked by the calls ofB. lini. The manifestation of similar response profiles in male and female B. daunchina to the calls of the four species support the idea that male and female signal receiver preferences evolved in parallel and that the origin of these receiver biases reflects adaptations dependent on the same neural and cognitive systems in both sexes.

关键词： sexual selection acoustic communication male-male competition phonotaxis tests coevolution

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Synthesis,cytotoxicity assay,and molecular docking study of hydroxychalcone derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021年第8期30卷 634-644页

作者： Aris Stiawan Eti Nurwening Sholikhah Yehezkiel steven Kumiawan Yoga Priastomo Jumina Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesLJniversitas Gadjah MadaSekip UtaraYogyakarta 55281Indonesia Department of Pharmacology and Therapy Faculty of MedicinePublic Health and NursingUniversitas Gadjah MadaSekip UtaraYogyakarta 55281Indonesia Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments Universitas Ma ChungVilla Puncak TidarN-01Malang 65151Indonesia

In this work,we studied the synthesis,cytotoxicity assay,and molecular docking of hydroxychalcone derivatives as tyrosinase *** of chalcone derivatives was carried out through a Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction between acetophenone and benzaldehyde derivatives under alkaline conditions for 48 *** synthesized products were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(gC-MS),proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance(1H and 13C NMR)*** in vitro inhibitory activity was evaluated against tyrosinase enzyme by employing L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine(L-DOPA)as the *** successfully synthesized 4-hydroxychalcone(HC)and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxychalcone(HMC)with a yield of 60%and 76%,*** the tyrosinase inhibitory test of HC and HMC gave the IC50 value of 64.35 and 21.56μg/mL,respectively,demonstrating that their inhibitory activities against tyrosinase enzyme were better compared with kojic acid and hydroquinone as the positive *** also found that HC gave 2025μg/m L as the IC50 value against Vero cells,confirming that it was not toxic to the normal cell *** molecular docking study gave the root-mean-square deviation value of less than 2?.Furthermore,the binding energies of hydroxychalcone derivatives were found as-30.13 and-31.38 kJ/mol,showing that those compounds could be potentially used as the alternative tyrosinase inhibitors in medical application.

关键词： Hydroxychalcone Cytotoxicity In vitro Molecular docking Tyrosinase inhibitors

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Optimization of operational strategies for rich gas enhanced oil recovery based on a pilot test in the Bakken tight oil reservoir

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 2921-2938页

作者： Xincheng Wan Lu Jin Nicholas A.Azzolina Jin Zhao Xue Yu steven A.Smith James A.Sorensen Energy&Environmental Research Center University of North Dakota15 North 23rd StreetStop 9018Grand ForksND58202-9018USA

Horizontal well drilling and multistage hydraulic fracturing have been demonstrated as effective approaches for stimulating oil production in the Bakken tight oil ***,after multiple years of production,primary oil recovery in the Bakken is generally less than 10%of the estimated original oil in *** huff‘n’puff(HnP)has been tested in the Bakken Formation as an enhanced oil recovery(EOR)method;however,most field pilot test results showed no significant incremental oil *** of the factors affecting HnP EOR performance is premature gas breakthrough,which is one of the most critical issues observed in the field because of the presence of interwell ***,injected gas rapidly reaches adjacent production wells without contacting reservoir rock and increasing oil *** conformance control is therefore needed to avoid early gas breakthrough and improve EOR *** this study,a rich gas EOR pilot in the Bakken was carefully analyzed to collect the essential reservoir and operational data.A simulation model with 16 wells was then developed to reproduce the production history and predict the EOR performance with and without conformance *** operational strategies,including single-and multiple-well HnP,with different gas injection constraints were *** simulation results of single-well HnP without conformance control showed that a rich gas injection rate of at least 10 MMscfd was needed to yield meaningful incremental oil *** strategy of conformance control via water injection could significantly improve oil production in the HnP well,but injecting an excessive amount of water also leads to water breakthrough and loss of oil production in the offset *** analyzing the production performance of the wells individually,the arrangement of wells was optimized for multiple-well HnP *** multiwell results showed that rich gas EOR could improve oil production up to 7.4%by employing confor

关键词： Rich gas injection Bakken tight oil reservoir EOR strategies Conformance control Embedded discrete fracture model

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Behavioral and Neurogenomic Responses to Acoustic and Visual Sexual Cues are Correlated in Female Torrent Frogs

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Asian Herpetological Research 2021年第1期12卷 88-99页

作者： Longhui ZHAO Jichao WANg Yanlin CAI Jianghong RAN steven E.BRAUTH Yezhong TANg Jianguo CUI Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041SichuanChina University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory for Tropical Plant and Animal Ecology of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesHainan NormalUniversityHaikou 571158HainanChina Department of Psychology University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 27042USA

Diverse a nimal species use multimodal communica tion signals to coordina te reproductive *** active research in this field,the brain mechanisms underlying multimodal communication remain poorly *** to humans and many mammalian species,anurans often produce auditory signals accompanied by conspicuous visual cues(e.g.,vocal sac inflation).In this study,we used video playbacks to determine the role of vocal-sac inflation in little torrent frogs(Amolops torrentis).Then we exposed females to blank,visual,auditory,and audiovisual stimuli and analyzed whole brain tissue gene expression changes using *** results showed that both auditory cues(i.e.,male advertisement calls)and visual cues were attractive to female frogs,although auditory cues were more attractive than visual *** preferred simultaneous bimodal cues to unimodal *** hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes showed a close relationship between neurogenomic states and momentarily expressed sexual *** also found that the gene Ontology terms and KEgg pathways involved in energy metabolism were mostly increased in blank contrast versus visual,acoustic,or audiovisual stimuli,indicating that brain energy use may play an important role in response to these *** sum,behavioral and neurogenomic responses to acoustic and visual cues are correlated in female little torrent frogs.

关键词： energy metabolism multimodal communication little torrent frogs neurogenomic states sexual traits

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Serge Lang, 1927--2005 （I）

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数学译林 2011年第2期30卷 136-146页

作者： Jay Jorgenson steven g. Krantz 高燕芳(译) 赵振江(校)

这是一篇分两部分文章的第1部分．^1）第2部分将在后面的期刊刊出，当中作者将谈Serge Lang（塞尔日·兰）的数学成就以及这些成果的影响．

关键词： Serge Lang 塞尔日.兰数学人物介绍

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The Development and Operational Testing of an Underwater Bait Setting System to Prevent the Mortality of Albatrosses and Petrels in Pelagic Longline Fisheries

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2015年第1期5卷 1-12页

作者： graham Robertson Phillip Ashworth Peter Ashworth Ian Carlyle steven g. Candy Australian Antarctic Division Kingston Australia Amerro Engineering Warana Australia

Longline fisheries for tunas and tuna-like species present an existential threat to many populations of albatrosses and petrels worldwide. To prevent this form of mortality we developed a new technology designed to deploy baited hooks underwater beyond the dive depths of?seabirds (6 - 10 m for the species most commonly caught). The underwater bait setter is a stern-mounted, hydraulically-operated and computer-controlled?device that catapults?baited hooks underwater in a steel capsule?connected to hydraulic winches by Spectra®rope. Baits are flushed from the capsule by water pressure through a spring-loaded bait release door. The chief engineering challenges in the developmental stageswere ensuring:?1) bait delivery?to target depths with cycle times (time from release to recovery) that were practical for fishing operations;?2) bait retention in the capsule (no drop-outs) on the descent phase of the cycle;?3) baits, upon?release at target depth, were not drawn up the water column on the capsule recovery phase (from possible hook-ups and/or suction);and?4) the retention of baits?on?hooks post-release from the capsule was not affected by the mechanical release underwater. Operational trials with the final version of the capsule yielded?satisfactory cycle times to depths of 6 - 10 m. All baits were retained?in the capsule on the descent and?released as required?at target depths (n = 606 deployments). Bait retention on hooks post release from the capsule and retention on hooks hand-set at the surface (the conventional method) were statistically indistinguishable.?The underwater bait setter is modular in construction and can be fitted to all types of vessel sterns.

关键词： Seabird Bycatch Longline Fisheries Underwater Setting Marine Engineering Innovation Co-Operative Research

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