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Tsunami Balls:A Granular Approach to Tsunami Runup and Inundation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第1期3卷 222-249页

作者： steven N.Ward Simon Day Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA.

This article develops a new,granular approach to tsunami runup and *** small grains employed here are not fluid,but bits,or balls,of tsunami *** careful formulation of the ball accelerations,both wave-like and flood-like behaviors are accommodated so tsunami waves can be run seamlessly from deep water,through wave breaking,to the final surge onto shore and back *** deep water,tsunami balls track according long wave ray *** land,tsunami balls behave like a water *** shallow water,the balls embody both deep water and on land *** modeling several 2-D and 3-D cases,we find that wave breaking generally causes relative runup to increase with beach slope and wave period and decrease with input wave *** of their highly non-linear nature,runup and inundation are best considered to be random processes rather than deterministic *** and observations hint that for uniform input waves,normalized runup statistics everywhere follow a single skewed distribution with a spread between 1/2 and 2 times its mean.

关键词： Water wave tsunami run up.

A History of the Urban Underground Tunnel (4000 B.C.E. - 1900 C.E.)

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2018年第1期8卷 11-43页

作者： Robert steven Diamond Brian Garret Kassel Brooklyn Historic Railway Association Columbia University New York NY USA

Generally hidden from public view, out of our daily thoughts, and literally under our feet, are myriad urban underground tunnels that make our modern megacities possible. From their ancient beginnings in antiquity, as a means of supplying fresh water and draining waste water from cities, underground tunnels evolved into a means of providing high capacity rail mass transit in our most densely populated urban centers. This paper provides a broad overview of the evolution of urban tunnels across a 6000 year time span and includes the specific engineering formulas/computations for the earliest 19th century subways/infrastructure projects based on the Roman vaulted arch tunnel.

关键词： Subway Subterranean Passageway Ancient Underground Mesopotamia Greece Rome Cut and Cover Cloaca Maxima Cryptoporticus Croton Aq-ueduct Arch Tunnel Atlantic Avenue Tunnel London Railway London Tube beach/Greathead Shield 19th Century Arched Tunnel Calculations

Cost-Effective Traction for Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第5期4卷 130-136页

作者： Ravi Kumar Ray Helen Aung steven Andrew Corbett Orthopaedic Department Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust London UK Orthopaedic Department University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK

The application of traction has enhanced views during arthroscopic shoulder surgery, easing visualization and accurate intervention within the shoulder joint and the subacromial space. Many innovative traction techniques are currently employed, including the use of padded traction equipment attached to boom arms and further, pedal-activated, hydraulic traction equipment. Variations in patient positioning and cost-benefit analysis of the use of traction in both beach chair and lateral decubitus positions have been performed in the literature. We demonstrate the use of readily available, simple and inexpensive resources in the beach chair position, allowing the application of traction with minimal set-up time and complexity. Initial equipment outlay requires a drip stand attached to a clamp at the end of the operating trolley, permitting a hook to be applied to the arm that is attached to traction cord and weights. We minimized the cost of ongoing consumable items per case to include a stockinette and benzoic tincture. The theatre team experiences a short learning curve associated with the ease of reliability and reproducibility of this technique.

关键词： Cost Traction Shoulder Arthroscopy beach-Chair

Male horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus use multiple sensory cues to locate mates

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Current Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 485-498页

作者： Katharine M.SAUNDERS H.Jane BROCKMANN Winsor H.WATSON Ⅲ steven H.JURY Department of Biology University of Florida Department of Biological Sciences University of New Hampshire Biology Department Bates College

The use of multisensory cues to locate mates can increase an organism＇s success by acting as a back-up plan when one system fails, by providing additional information to the receiver, and by increasing their ability to detect mates using senses that have different ranges in a variable aquatic environment. In this contribution we review the sensory cues that male horseshoe crabs Lirnulus polyphemus are known to use when locating mates and then provide new data that shed light on this subject. Dur- ing the breeding season, females migrate into shore during high tides to spawn. Males attach to females as they approach the beach or are attracted to pairs already spawning. Vision is well established as an important cue in attracting males. Although chemoreception is well known in other marine arthropods, and horseshoe crabs have the anatomy available, there are few studies on chemical cues in this species. Experiments are presented here that provide evidence for chemical cue use. We show that the attraction, and retention, of attached and satellite males to actively spawning females and mating pairs involves multimodal cues

关键词： Multimodal communication Horseshoe crabs Sensory system Mating cues

Interactions of GravityWaves and Diurnal Tide in the Mesopause Region

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Interactions of GravityWaves and Diurnal Tide in the Mesopau...

Vacuum Preparation, Optimization of Cylinder Length and Postoperative Daily Inflation Reduces Complaints of Shortened Penile Length Following Implantation of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis

中国空间科学学会空间物理学专业委员会第十五届全国日地空间物理学研讨会

作者： Alan Z.Liu Xian Lu steven Franke Electronic Information School Wuhan University Department of Physical Sciences Embry-Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDaytona BeachFloridaUSA. CIRES University of Colorado at BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA

Gravity waves and atmospheric thermal tides are two strong perturbations in the upper *** interactions are one of the dominant mechanisms that lead to both short(day-to-day)and long term(season-to-season)variabilities in the mesosphere and lower *** interactions are strongly dependent on both the amplitudes and the relative phase between the gravity wave forcing and the *** this study,the diurnal variation of gravity wave(GW)momentum flux is derived from the 5 years of meteor radar wind measurements at Maui,Hawaii,where the diurnal tide in horizontal wind is the *** amplitude and phase relationships between the GW forcing and the diurnal tide are analyzed by calculating their equivalent Rayleigh *** results show that the GW momentum flux is clearly modulated by the diurnal *** forcing from the momentum flux convergence has strong effects on both the amplitude and phase of the diurnal *** can reach 80ms-1day-1for the amplitude and 15 h dayfor the *** GW forcing tends to increase the diurnal tide amplitude above 90 km but has a small damping effect below 90 *** tends to increase the phase of the diurnal tide throughout all *** magnitudes of the forcing are in agreement with recent results from satellite observations but are much larger than values used in general circulation models.

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2013年第1期3卷 14-18页

作者： Tom Sellers Martin Dineen Emad A. Salem steven K. Wilson Daytona beach USA Indio CA USA Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt

Introduction: The inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) has been used to treat erectile dysfunction for 40 years. Loss of penile length following IPP remains the single biggest patient complaint. We describe a preoperative and postoperative patient preparation protocol to assist in setting realistic patient expectations and decreasing the complaint of reduced penile length. Materials & Methods: 750 Patients are instructed to use a vacuum erection device for 10 minutes each day for up to 2 months prior to IPP implant. After two months, maximization of cylinder length is accomplished regardless of IPP manufacturer. Cylinders are left partially inflated in the post-operative period and daily inflation for 3 months immediately upon patient tolerance. The average implanted cylinder length has increased dramatically with the preoperative vacuum usage when compared to the authors’ previous implantations and when compared to the national average of implanted cylinders obtained from one manufacturer. Results: Preoperative use of the vacuum device has allowed maximization of cylinder length. After the vacuum program, patients tend to experience less pain following implantation allowing earlier device instruction cycling and use. The average implanted cylinder length continued to increase annually for the first 5 years as the protocol evolved and seems to have remained stable for the last five years. Conclusions: Preoperative vacuum usage and postoperative capsule management has nearly eliminated patient complaints of reduced penile length. We believe this to be the result of larger size cylinders being implanted when compared to our previous implantations absent of the patient participation protocol.

关键词： Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Vacuum Device Satisfaction

Clinical Effects of Hydrogen Administration: From Animal and Human Diseases to Exercise Medicine

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2016年第1期7卷 32-76页

作者： Garth L. Nicolson Gonzalo Ferreira de Mattos Robert Settineri Carlos Costa Rita Ellithorpe steven Rosenblatt James La Valle Antonio Jimenez Shigeo Ohta Department of Molecular Pathology The Institute for Molecular Medicine Huntington Beach USA Laboratory of Ion Channels School of Medicine Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay Sierra Research Irvine USA Tustin Longevity Center Tustin USA Saint John’s Health Center Santa Monica USA Progressive Medical Center Orange USA Hope Cancer Institute Playas de Tijuana Mexico Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine Nippon Medical School Kawasaki Japan

Here we review the literature on the effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) on normal human subjects and patients with a variety of diagnoses, such as metabolic, rheumatic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative and other diseases, infections and physical and radiation damage as well as effects on aging and exercise. Although the effects of H2 have been studied in multiple animal models of human disease, such studies will not be reviewed in depth here. H2 can be administered as a gas, in saline implants or infusions, as topical solutions or baths or by drinking H2-enriched water. This latter method is the easiest and least costly method of administration. There are no safety issues with hydrogen;it has been used for years in gas mixtures for deep diving and in numerous clinical trials without adverse events, and there are no warnings in the literature of its toxicity or long-term exposure effects. Molecular hydrogen has proven useful and convenient as a novel antioxidant and modifier of gene expression in many conditions where oxidative stress and changes in gene expression result in cellular damage.

关键词： Anti-Oxidant Hydrogen Therapy Gene Regulation Gamates Inflammatory Disease Neurodegenerative Disease Rheumatic Disease Infections Aging Exercise Metabolic Disease Ischemia Cardiovascular Disease Neuromuscular Disease Radiation Skin Sepsis

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Swimming

英语沙龙（高中） 2007年第Z1期 28-28页

作者： steven Dowshen Kate Cronan

Splashing,wading,and paddling——it must mean a great day in the *** at the beach,at a water park,by a lake,or in a pool can be a real treat on a hot *** is a lot of fun,but drowning is a real danger.

关键词：翻译电子邮件注明联系方式北京市东城区编辑部名校英语译文