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The Upriver Reach of a Delta Town： Jiujiang Migrants in the West River b.sin, Sixteenth--Nineteenth Centuries

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Frontiers of History in China 2013年第2期8卷 153-175页

作者： steven b. Miles Department of History Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130-4899 USA

This article situates the Pearl River delta market town of Jiujiang within a system of market towns and cities along the West River and its trib.taries in southern China. Exploring the history of this town as an emigrant community, this article follows the upstream movement of officials, civil service examinees, merchants, and permanent settlers along the West River b.sin b.tween the sixteenth century and the nineteenth century. The trajectory of migration from this market town was shaped b. the geographical factors of the West River system. At the same time, migration, which was related b.th to strategies that Jiujiang families emb.aced for socioeconomic advancement and to policies that the Ming and Qing states adopted for controlling the southwestern frontier, played an important role in the historical construction of a unified region linked b. economic ties and personal networks.

关键词： market town migration region Ming Qing West River Pearl Riverdelta

A simple umb.lliferone b.sed fluorescent prob. for the detection of nitroreductase

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 311-314页

作者： Adam C. Sedgwick Alex Hayden b.rry Hill steven D. b.ll Rob.rt b. P. Elmes Tony D. James Department of Chemistry University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK Department of Chemistry Maynooth University Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland

A simple nitrob.nzyl-umb.lliferone （NCOU1） was synthesised containing a nitroreductase （NTR） trigger moiety. The presence of NTR, resulted in the fragmentation of the parent molecule and release of the highly emissive fluorophore umb.lliferone via an NTR-catalyzed reduction of the nitro group. In the presence of the NTR enzyme, NCOU1 gave rise to a 5-fold increase in fluorescence intensity at 455 nm and was selective for NTR over other reductive enzymes. These results indicate that NCOU1 can b. used as a simple assay for the detection of NTR.

关键词： NITRO RADICALS NTSR1 gene FLUORESCENT PROb.S Skimmetin Nitroreductases noise-temperature ratio

The Nature and Impact of Late Imperial Chinese Academies:A Review of Some Recent Pub.ications in China

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Frontiers of Education in China 2015年第4期10卷 634-656页

作者： steven b.MILES Department of History Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130-4899USA

This review essay analyzes the historiography of Confucian academies(shuyuan)in imperial China,focusing on five representative b.oks pub.ished in China b.tween 2008 and 2014,including two new editions of b.oks originally pub.ished in 1995 and *** five authors share a deep concern ab.ut the nature of academies,particularly their relationship with the state.A secondary theme that these b.oks address is the impact that academies had on late imperial Chinese culture and *** together,these five works show how research on academies in imperial China has evolved over the past two decades.

关键词： academies shuyuan historiography imperial China

The Discrete Orthogonal Polynomial Least Squares Method for Approximation and Solving Partial Differential Equations

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第3期3卷 734-758页

作者： Anne Gelb.Rodrigo b.Platte W.steven Rosenthal Department of Mathematics and Statistics Arizona State UniversityTempeArizona 85287USA

We investigate numerical approximations b.sed on polynomials that are orthogonal with respect to a weighted discrete inner product and develop an algorithm for solving time dependent differential *** focus on the family of super Gaussian weight functions and derive a criterion for the choice of parameters that provides good accuracy and stab.lity for the time evolution of partial differential *** results show that this approach circumvents the prob.ems related to the Runge phenomenon on equally spaced nodes and provides high accuracy in *** time stab.lity,small corrections near the ends of the interval are computed using local polynomial *** numerical experiments illustrate the performance of the method.

关键词： Discrete least-squares orthogonal polynomials spectralmethods high order numerical methods uniform grid.

History and evaluation of national-scale geochemical data sets for the United States

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第2期4卷 167-183页

作者： David b.Smith steven M.Smith John D.Horton U.S.Geological Survey.Denver Federal Center MS 973.DenverCO 80225USA

Six national-scale,or near national-scale,geochemical data sets for soils or stream sediments exist for the United *** earliest of these,here termed the ＇Shacklette＇ data set,was generated b. a U.S. Geological Survey（USGS） project conducted from 1961 to *** project used soil collected from a depth of ab.ut 20 cm as the sampling medium at 1323 sites throughout the conterminous *** National Uranium Resource Evaluation Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance（NUREHSSR） Program of the *** of Energy was conducted from 1975 to 1984 and collected either stream sediments,lake sediments,or soils at more than 378,000 sites in b.th the conterminous *** *** sampled area represented ab.ut 65%of the *** Natural Resources Conservation Service（NRCS）,from 1978 to 1982,collected samples from multiple soil horizons at sites within the major crop-growing regions of the conterminous *** data set contains analyses of more than 3000 *** National Geochemical Survey,a USGS project conducted from 1997 to 2009,used a sub.et of the NURE-HSSR archival samples as its starting point and then collected primarily stream sediments, with occasional soils,in the parts of the *** covered b. the NURE-HSSR *** data set contains chemical analyses for more than 70,000 *** USGS,in collab.ration with the Mexican Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada,initiated soil sampling for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project in *** of three horizons or depths at more than 4800 sites in the *** completed in 2010,and chemical analyses are currently *** NRCS initiated a project in the 1990s to analyze the various soil horizons from selected pedons throughout the *** data set currently contains data from more than 1400 *** paper（1） discusses each data set in terms of its purpose,sample collection protocols,and analytical methods;and（2） evaluates each data set in terms

关键词： Geochemical mapping National-scale geochemical data Geochemical b.selines United States

MicroRNAs as novel predictive b.omarkers and therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11727-11735页

作者： Verena Stiegelb.uer Samantha Perakis Alexander deutsch Hui Ling Armin Gerger Martin Pichler Division of Clinical Oncology Department of Internal Medicine Medical University of Graz 8036 Graz Austria Division of Hematology Department of Internal Medicine Medical University of Graz 8036 Graz Austria Department of Experimental Therapeutics University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 United States

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer in western countries. Despite significant improvement in availab.e treatment options, CRC still remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Traditionally, 5-fluorouracil has b.en used as the main chemotherapy drug for treatment of metastatic CRC(mCRC). However, during the last two decades more effective chemotherapeutic agents such as oxaliplatin, irinotecan and the monoclonal antib.dies cetuximab. panitumumab.and b.vacizumab.have b.en used in clinical practice. More recently, the therapeutic armamentarium has b.en supplemented b. the monoclonal antib.dies b.vacizumab. cetuximab.and panitumumab.as well as the protein-trap aflib.rcept and the smallmolecule multi-kinase inhib.tor regorafenib. One of the major prob.ems for the management of CRC is the inherent or acquired resistance to therapeutic approaches. The discovery of microRNAs(miRNAs), a class of small, endogenous, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that play a role as post-transcriptional regulators, has added new dimensions to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. b.cause miRNAs are important regulators of carcinogenesis, progression, invasion, angiogenesis and metastases in CRC, they might serve as potential predictive and prognostic factors and even as therapeutic targets themselves. Several miRNAs are already known to b. dysregulated in CRCs and have b.en linked to b.ological processes involved in tumor progression and response to anti-cancer therapies. This review summarizes current therapeutic approaches for treating CRC and highlights the role of miRNAs as novel predictive b.omarkers and potential drug targets in CRC patients.

关键词： Colorectal cancer MicroRNAs 5-fluorouracil Epidermal growth factor receptor Targeted therapy

The Principles of Clinical Cytogenetics 2nd ed. 2005

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VARIAb.E STEP-SIZE IMPLICIT-EXPLICIT LINEAR MULTISTEP METHODS FOR TIME-DEPENDENT PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

2005年

作者： steven L. Gersen Martha b. Keagle

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2008年第6期26卷 838-855页

作者： DongWang steven J. Ruuth Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign B231 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory Urbana IL 61801 USA Department of Mathematics Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada V5A 1S6

Implicit-explicit （IMEX） linear multistep methods are popular techniques for solving partial differential equations （PDEs） with terms of different types. While fixed timestep versions of such schemes have b.en developed and studied, implicit-explicit schemes also naturally arise in general situations where the temporal smoothness of the solution changes. In this paper we consider easily implementab.e variab.e step-size implicit-explicit （VSIMEX） linear multistep methods for time-dependent PDEs. Families of order-p, pstep VSIMEX schemes are constructed and analyzed, where p ranges from 1 to 4. The corresponding schemes are simple to implement and have the property that they reduce to the classical IMEX schemes whenever constant time step-sizes are imposed. The methods are validated on the b.rgers＇ equation. These results demonstrate that b. varying the time step-size, VSIMEX methods can outperform their fixed time step counterparts while still maintaining good numerical b.havior.

关键词： Implicit-explicit (IMEX) linear multistep methods Variab.e step-size Zero-stab.lity b.rgers' equation.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases mediate the oxidative b.rst and saponin synthesis induced b. chitosan in cell cultures of Panax ginseng

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2004年第4期47卷 303-312页

作者： steven J. NEILL Centre for Research in Plant Science University of the West of England Bristol Coldharbour Lane Bristol BS16 1QY United Kingdom

Chitosan (CHN) specially induced the activities of 39 kD and 42 kD protein kinases in ginseng cells, which could b. suppressed b. an inhib.tor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, PD98059. The immunoprecipitation (IP) using MAPK antib.dy or kinase assay in vitro also showed that CHN-induced 42 kD and 39 kD protein kinases b.longed to the MAPK family. PD98059 suppressed CHN-induced transcriptions of ginseng squalene synthase and ginseng squalene epoxidase genes (gss and gse), CHN-induced accumulation of β-Amyrin synthase (β-AS) and synthesis of saponin. These results showed that CHN-induced activities of MAPKs were necessary for the CHN-induced saponin synthesis. EGTA and LaCl3 suppressed CHN-induced 39 kD and 42 kD MAPK activities. Ruthenium red (RR) could suppress CHN-induced 39 kD activity. All of them suppressed CHN-induced saponin synthesis. These results indicated that CHN-induced increment of cytosolic calcium was necessary for CHN-induced saponin synthesis. PD98059 also suppressed CHN-induced oxidative b.rst (including the increment of activity of plasma memb.ane NADPH oxidase and production of H2O2), b.t diphenylene iodonium (DPI), dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and 2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester (DHC) could not suppress CHN-induced MAPK activities, which indicated that MAPK was possib.y function upstream of CHN-induced oxidative b.rst. Keywords mitogen-activated protein kinase - chitosan - saponin

关键词： mitogen-activated protein kinase,chitosan,saponin.