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Dog Days

语数外学习(初中版) 2024年第3期 1-1页

作者： Buffy silverman

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Computational Study of Interstitial Hydrogen Atoms in Nano-Diamond Grains Embedded in an Amorphous Carbon Shell

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第4期9卷 843-858页

作者： Amihai silverman Alon Hoffman Joan Adler Taub Computer Center Technion-IITHaifa 32000Israel Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-IITHaifa 32000Israel Department of Physics Technion-IITHaifa 32000Israel

The properties of hydrogen atoms in a nano-diamond grain surrounded by an amorphous carbon shell are studied with Tight Binding computer *** samples model nano-diamond grains,of a few nanometers in size,that nucleate within an amorphous carbon matrix,as observed in deposition from a hydrocarbon rich *** calculations show that the average hydrogen interstitial formation energy in the amorphous region is lower than in the nano-diamond core,therefore hydrogen interstitial sites in the in the amorphous region are more stable than in the nano-diamond *** formation energy difference is the driving force for the diffusion of hydrogen atoms from nano-diamond grains into amorphous carbon *** energy well was observed on the amorphous side of the nano-diamond amorphous carbon interface:hydrogen atoms are expected to be trapped *** scenario agrees with experimental results which show that hydrogen retention of diamond films increases with decreasing grain size,and suggest that hydrogen is bonded and trapped in nano-diamond grain boundaries and on internal grain surfaces.

关键词： Nano-diamond amorphous-carbon DOS NEXAFS molecular-dynamics tightbinding

A Semi-Implicit Fractional Step Method Immersed Boundary Method for the Numerical Simulation of Natural Convection Non-Boussinesq Flows

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Communications in Computational Physics 2022年第8期32卷 737-778页

作者： Dmitry Zviaga Ido silverman Alexander Gelfgat Yuri Feldman Department of Mechanical Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the NegevP.O.Box 653Beer-Sheva 84105Israel Soreq Nuclear Research Center 81000 YavneIsrael School of Mechanical Engineering Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel

The paper presents a novel pressure-corrected formulation of the immersed boundary method(IBM)for the simulation of fully compressible non-Boussinesq natural convection *** formulation incorporated into the pressure-based fractional step approach facilitates simulation of the flows in the presence of an immersed body characterized by a complex ***,we first present extensive grid independence and verification studies addressing incompressible pressure-driven flow in an extended channel and non-Boussinesq natural convection flow in a differentially heated ***,the steady-state non-Boussinesq natural convection flow developing in the presence of hot cylinders of various diameters placed within a cold square cavity is thoroughly *** obtained results are presented and analyzed in terms of the spatial distribution of path lines and temperature fields and of heat flux values typical of the hot cylinder and the cold cavity *** characteristics of multiple steady-state solutions discovered for several configurations are presented and discussed in detail.

关键词： Natural convection non-Boussinesq flows pressure-corrected immersed boundary method multiple steady state solutions

A retrospective analysis of gender among patients admitted to a clinical decision unit at risk for acute coronary syndrome

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第2期14卷 133-137页

作者： Joby Thoppil Lauren Kraut Collin Montgomery Wilfrido Castillo Robert silverman Sanjey Gupta Frederick Davis Department of Emergency Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterTexas 75002USA Department of Emergency Medicine Long Island Jewish Medical CenterQueens NY 11040USA Department of Emergency Medicine South Shore HospitalBay Shore NY 11706USA

INTRODUCTION Chest pain is a common chief complaint and encompasses nearly 5.2% of all patients seen in emergency departments(ED). In the United States, this accounts for approximately six million annual visits.[1-4]The evaluation of patients with chest pain in the ED is a time-consuming and challenging process because the physician must identify those with life-threatening cardiac chest pain, while avoiding unnecessary and costly evaluations of those with non-cardiac chest pain.

关键词： admitted consuming patients

Protective effect of hydroxychloroquine on rheumatoid arthritis-associated atherosclerosis

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2019年第2期2卷 98-106页

作者： Na Shi Shuangyue Zhang Gregg silverman Mengtao Li Jun Cai Haitao Niu NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences CAMS&PUMC) Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing China Department of Rheumatology Langone Medical Center New York University New York City New York Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing China Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China

Background: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. We examined the effect of gut microbiota in a mouse model of RA that develops atherosclerosis. Methods: We created three groups of K/BxN female mice that were positive for the anti‐glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase (GPI) antibody: control diet (CD), high fat diet (HFD), and HFD with hydroxychloroquine (HFD + HCQ). Serological tests were used to detect the serum levels of total cholesterol (TCHO), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), triglyceride (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), anti‐ GPI antibody titers, and serum cytokines. Atherosclerotic plaque was determined by histological analysis, and gut microbiota were determined by 16sV4 sequencing. Results: Relative to mice given the CD, those receiving the HFD had increased serum levels of LDL‐C, TCHO, and TG, decreased serum levels of HDL‐C, increased atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root, and altered gut microbiota. Addition of HCQ to HFD decreased the serum levels of LDL‐C, TCHO, and TG, increased serum levels of HDL‐C, and decreased the atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root. Mice receiving HFD + HCQ also had the greatest bacterial diversity among the three experimental groups. Moreover, HCQ treatment significantly increased the abundance of Akkermansia and Parabacteroides, and decreased the abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto cluster 1, and therefore may be responsible for the reduced RA‐associated atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Our mouse model of RA indicated that HFD increased ankle width and aggravated a therosclerosis a nd d yslipidemia, a nd t hat H CQ a lleviated t he d yslipidemia and atherosclerosis, but had no effect on ankle width.

关键词： atherosclerosis autoimmunity hydroxychloroquine intestinal microbiota rheumatoid arthritis

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进化心理学概览(英文)

心理学报 2007年第3期39卷 541-545页

作者： Irwin silverman York University

该文认为处于萌芽状态的进化心理学作为一个新的心理学分支学科对人类心理运行机制提出了一些基本的解释与预测。该文也讨论了进化心理学研究遭受到的两种批评,其一是文化的重要性没有得到重视;其二是进化历史是“假想的故事”。同时作... 详细信息

该文认为处于萌芽状态的进化心理学作为一个新的心理学分支学科对人类心理运行机制提出了一些基本的解释与预测。该文也讨论了进化心理学研究遭受到的两种批评,其一是文化的重要性没有得到重视;其二是进化历史是“假想的故事”。同时作者认为完整地理解心理学研究课题需要进行最终水平的因果分析,只有掌握与运用自然选择理论才能从最终水平上理解研究课题。

关键词：进化心理学自然选择假想的故事

Probability Distribution of SARS-Cov-2 (COVID) Infectivity Following Onset of Symptoms: Analysis from First Principles

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Open Journal of Statistics 2023年第2期13卷 233-263页

作者： Mark P. silverman Department of Physics Trinity College Hartford USA

The phasing out of protective measures by governments and public health agencies, despite continued seriousness of the coronavirus pandemic, leaves individuals who are concerned for their health with two basic options over which they have control: 1) minimize risk of infection by being vaccinated and by wearing a face mask when appropriate, and 2) minimize risk of transmission upon infection by self-isolating. For the latter to be effective, it is essential to have an accurate sense of the probability of infectivity as a function of time following the onset of symptoms. Epidemiological considerations suggest that the period of infectivity follows a lognormal distribution. This proposition is tested empirically by construction of the lognormal probability density function and cumulative distribution function based on quantiles of infectivity reported by several independent investigations. A comprehensive examination of a prototypical ideal clinical study, based on general statistical principles (the Principle of Maximum Entropy and the Central Limit Theorem) reveals that the probability of infectivity is a lognormal random variable. Subsequent evolution of new variants may change the parameters of the distribution, which can be updated by the methods in this paper, but the form of the probability function is expected to remain lognormal as this is the most probable distribution consistent with mathematical requirements and available information.

关键词： COVID SARS-Cov-2 Period of Infectivity Probability of Infectivity Viral Shedding Infectiousness Kaplan-Meier Curve Principle of Maximum Entro-py

Exact Statistical Distribution and Correlation of Human Height and Weight: Analysis and Experimental Confirmation

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Open Journal of Statistics 2022年第5期12卷 743-787页

作者： Mark P. silverman Department of Physics Trinity College Hartford USA

The statistical relationship between human height and weight is of especial importance to clinical medicine, epidemiology, and the biology of human development. Yet, after more than a century of anthropometric measurements and analyses, there has been no consensus on this relationship. The purpose of this article is to provide a definitive statistical distribution function from which all desired statistics (probabilities, moments, and correlation functions) can be determined. The statistical analysis reported in this article provides strong evidence that height and weight in a diverse population of healthy adults constitute correlated bivariate lognormal random variables. This conclusion is supported by a battery of independent tests comparing empirical values of 1) probability density patterns, 2) linear and higher order correlation coefficients, 3) statistical and hyperstatistics moments up to 6th order, and 4) distance correlation (dCor) values to corresponding theoretical quantities: 1) predicted by the lognormal distribution and 2) simulated by use of appropriate random number generators. Furthermore, calculation of the conditional expectation of weight, given height, yields a theoretical power law that specifies conditions under which body mass index (BMI) can be a valid proxy of obesity. The consistency of the empirical data from a large, diverse anthropometric survey partitioned by gender with the predictions of a correlated bivariate lognormal distribution was found to be so extensive and close as to suggest that this outcome is not coincidental or approximate, but may be a consequence of some underlying biophysical mechanism.

关键词： Correlation of Height and Weight Distribution of Height and Weight Body Mass Index Lognormal Distribution Distance Correlation (dCor) Hyperstatistics

Characteristics of Thermal and Geopotential Height Differences Between Continent and Ocean and Its Role in the Strength of the Asian Summer Monsoon

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2005年第4期4卷 366-376页

作者： Andrea silverman SUN Jilin Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 U.S.A. College of Physical ＆ Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 P. R. China

The interdecadal factors affecting the summer monsoon winds over Somalia and the South China Sea were studied. Global geopotential heights and wind velocity fields of the 850-hPa and 200-hPa pressure levels, as well as sea surface temperature anomaly data and correlation coefficients were analyzed. The monsoons over Somalia and the South China Sea were found to be two different monsoon systems, operating on different mechanisms and being affected by different oceanatmosphere interactions. The intensity of the Asian subtropical summer monsoon is influenced by the intensity of the summer monsoon over Somalia in the month of June and by the intensity of the summer monsoon over the South China Sea in the months of June and July. The summer monsoon wind strength over Somalia is affected by regional factors, such as the heating of the Tibetan plateau, and by global mechanisms, such as the subtropical heat exchange with Antarctica. The summer monsoon over the South China Sea is affected by different ocean-atmosphere interactions. The Somalia and subtropical summer monsoons have wind blowing down the pressure gradient from area over ocean to that over land, like typical summer monsoons. The South China Sea summer monsoon has winds that blow down the pressure gradient from area over land to that over ocean. The South China Sea summer monsoon is affected by the Kuroshio Current off the east coast of Japan.

关键词： thermal differences continent and ocean intensity of Asia monsoons