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Laser capture microdissection and genetic analysis of carbon-labeled Kupffer cells

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第14期15卷 1708-1718页

作者： Stephan Gehring Edmond Sabo Maryann E San Martin Elizabeth M Dickson Chao-Wen Cheng stephen h gregory Department of Medicine Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI 02903 United States Department of Pathology Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI 02903 United States zentrum fur Kinder- und Jugendmedizin der Universitaitsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitait 55101 Mainz Germany

AIM： To develop a method of labeling and microdissecting mouse Kupffer cells within an extraordinarily short period of time using laser capture microdissection （LCM）. METhODS： Tissues are complex structures comprised of a heterogeneous population of interconnected cells. LCM offers a method of isolating a single cell type from specific regions of a tissue section. LCM is an essential approach used in conjunction with molecular analysis to study the functional interaction of cells in their native tissue environment. The process of labeling and acquiring cells by LCM prior to mRNA isolation can be elaborate, thereby subjecting the RNA to considerable degradation. Kupffer cell labeling is achieved by injecting India ink intravenously, thus circumventing the need for in vitro staining. The significance of this novel approach was validated using a cholestatic liver injury model. RESULTS： mRNA extracted from the microdissected cell population displayed marked increases in colonystimulating factor-1 receptor and Kupffer cell receptor message expression, which demonstrated Kupffer cell enrichment. Gene expression by Kupffer ceils derived from bile-duct-ligated, versus sham-operated, mice was compared. Microarray analysis revealed a significant （2.5-fold, q value 〈 10） change in 493 genes. Based on this fold-change and a standardized PubMed search, 10 genes were identified that were relevant to the ability of Kupffer cells to suppress liver injury. CONCLUSION; The methodology outlined herein provides an approach to isolating high quality RNA from Kupffer cells, without altering the tissue integrity.

关键词： Kupffer cells India ink Laser capturemicrodissection Bile duct ligation DNA microarray

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A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon C.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny Cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul Santerre Tessa Gordon gregory hBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

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Forecast hesitancy: Why are People Reluctant to Believe, Accept, or Respond to Various Weather, Water, and Climate hazard-Related Forecasts?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第4期12卷 600-609页

作者： Michael h.Glantz gregory E.Pierce Consortium for Capacity Building(CCB) Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research(INSTAAR)University of ColoradoBoulderCO80301USA

Current discussions of the social phenomenon of“vaccine hesitancy”with regard to Covid-19 provide an opportunity to use hesitancy as a means to shift thinking about untimely and delayed responses to forecasts of hydrometeorological ***,that is,provides a paradigm through which such regrettably delayed responses to hydromet hazards might be better understood and effectively *** exaggeration,just about every hydromet event provides an example of how hesitancy hinders individual,community,and national government risk-reducing preventive and mitigative responses to forecasts of foreseeable,relatively near-term climate,water,or weather *** for such hesitancy(for vaccine and forecast use alike)include—among others—lack of trust in the science,lack of confidence in government,and persistent concern about the uncertainties that surround forecasting—both meteorological and public *** such,a better understanding of the causes that lead to individual and group hesitancy can better inform hydromet forecasters and affected communities about ways in which beneficial actions in response to timely forecasts are often *** better understanding will facilitate,where necessary,targeted interventions to enhance the societal value of forecasting by reducing this long-observed challenge of“forecast hesitancy.”First,this article focuses on incidents of“vaccine hesitancy”that,for various reasons,people around the world are even now experiencing with regard to several now-available,and confirmed efficacious,Covid-19 *** of such incidents of indecisiveness first increased dramatically over the first few months of 2021,despite the strong scientific confidence that vaccination would significantly lower personal risk of contracting as well as spreading the ***,the notion of forecast hesitancy with regard to hydrometeorological hazards is discussed.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Forecast Forecast hesitancy hesitancy hydromet hazards Vaccine hesitancy

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Delayed peripheral nerve repair: methods, including surgical ‘cross-bridging' to promote nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第10期10卷 1540-1544页

作者： Tessa Gordon Placheta Eva gregory h.Borschel Department of Surgery Division of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick Children

Despite the capacity of Schwann cells to support peripheral nerve regeneration, functional recovery after nerve injuries is frequently poor, especially for proximal injuries that require regenerating axons to grow over long distances to reinnervate distal targets. Nerve transfers, where small fascicles from an adjacent intact nerve are coapted to the nerve stump of a nearby denervated muscle, allow for functional return but at the expense of reduced numbers of innervating nerves. A 1-hour period of 20 hz electrical nerve stimulation via electrodes proximal to an injury site accelerates axon outgrowth to hasten target reinnervation in rats and humans, even after delayed surgery. A novel strategy of enticing donor axons from an otherwise intact nerve to grow through small nerve grafts（cross-bridges） into a denervated nerve stump, promotes improved axon regeneration after delayed nerve repair. The efficacy of this technique has been demonstrated in a rat model and is now in clinical use in patients undergoing cross-face nerve grafting for facial paralysis. In conclusion, brief electrical stimulation, combined with the surgical technique of promoting the regeneration of some donor axons to ‘protect＇ chronically denervated Schwa nn cells, improves nerve regeneration and, in turn, functional outcomes in the management of peripheral nerve injuries.

关键词： peripheral nerve injury nerve repair nerve regeneration Schwann cells electrical nerve stimulation axon regeneration

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Covariation in Insular Life-history Traits of the Rice Frog(Fejervarya limnocharis)in Eastern China

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Asian herpetological Research 2013年第1期4卷 28-35页

作者： Feng XU gregory h.ADLER Yiming LI Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biology and Microbiology University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh

Although shifts in life-history traits of insular vertebrates, as compared with mainland populations, have been observed in many taxa, few studies have examined the relationships among individual life-history traits on islands. Lifehistory theory also predicts that there is a trade-off between body size and reproductive effort, and between egg size and clutch size. We surveyed the rice frog, Fejervarya limnocharis, on 20 islands within the Zhoushan Archipelago and two nearby sites on the mainland of China to compare differences in life-history traits and to explore relationships among those traits. Rice frog females reached a greater body size on half of the smaller islands among the total 20 surveyed islands, and larger egg size, decreased clutch size and reduced reproductive effort on most of the islands when compared to the two mainland sites. Insular body size was negatively correlated with reproductive effort. There was a negative correlation between egg size and clutch size. Results suggest that life-history theory provides a good explanation for co-variation between body size and reproductive effort, and between egg size and clutch size in rice frogs on the islands.

关键词： island syndrome life-history traits trade-off body size egg size clutch size reproductive effort

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A portfolio approach to managing ecological risks of global change

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Ecosystem health and Sustainability 2017年第2期3卷 1-16页

作者： gregory h.Aplet Peter S.McKinley The Wilderness Society 1660 Wynkoop StreetSuite 850DenverColorado 80202 USA The Wilderness Society 9 Union StreetSecond FloorHallowellMaine 04347 USA

The stressors of global environmental change make it impossible over the long term for natural systems to maintain their historical ***’s new objective must be to maintain the building blocks of future systems(e.g.,species,genes,soil types,and landforms)as they continuously *** of the certainty of change,some biologists and managers question continued use of retrospective conservation strategies(e.g.,reserves and restoration)informed by the historical range of *** strategies that manage toward anticipated conditions have joined the conservation toolbox alongside retrospective *** argue that high uncertainty around the rates and trajectories of climate and ecological change dictate the need to spread ecological risk using prospective and retrospective strategies across conservation networks in a systematic and adaptively managed *** term this a portfolio approach drawing comparisons to financial portfolio risk management as a means to maximize conservation benefit and *** with a financial portfolio,the portfolio approach requires that management allocations receive minimum temporal commitments to realize longer-term *** approach requires segregation of the strategies into three landscape zones to avoid counterproductive *** zones will be managed to(1)observe change,(2)resist change,and(3)facilitate *** offer guidelines for zone allocation based on ecological *** zones should follow principles of conservation design traditionally applied to *** to financial portfolios,zone performance is monitored to facilitate learning and potential reallocation for long-term net minimization of risk to the building blocks of future ecosystems.

关键词： adaptive management biodiversity connectivity global change gradients portfolio reserve restoration risk spreading transformation

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Facile synthesis of nanosized sodium magnesium hydride,NaMgh3

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第3期23卷 343-350页

作者： hazel Reardon Natalia Mazur Duncan h.gregory WestChEM School of ChemistryJoseph Black BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G12 8QQ ScotlandUK Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyN-7491 TrondheimNorway

The ternary magnesium hydride NaMgh 3 has been synthesised via reactive milling *** method employed neither a reactive h2 atmosphere nor high pressure sintering or other post-treatment *** formation of the ternary hydride was studied as a function of milling time and ball:powder *** purity NaMgh 3 powder(orthorhombic space group Pnma,a 5.437(2),b 7.705(5),c 5.477(2) ;Z 4) was prepared in 5 h at high ball:powder ratios and characterised by powder X-ray diffraction(PXD),Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM/EDX).The products formed sub-micron scale(typically 200-400 nm in size) crystallites that were approximately isotropic in *** dehydrogenation behaviour of the ternary hydride was investigated by temperature programmed desorption(TPD).The nanostructured hydride releases hydrogen in two steps with an onset temperature for the first step of 513 K.

关键词： hydride Mechanochemistry Structure hydrogen storage Raman

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State of the science and challenges of breeding landscape plants with ecological function

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horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 317-324页

作者： h Dayton Wilde Kamal J K Gandhi gregory Colson horticulture Department University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Daniel B Warnell School of Forestry&Natural Resources University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA

Exotic plants dominate esthetically-managed landscapes,which cover 30–40 million hectares in the United States *** ecological studies have found that landscaping with exotic plant species can reduce biodiversity on multiple trophic *** support biodiversity in urbanized areas,the increased use of native landscaping plants has been advocated by conservation groups and US federal and state agencies.A major challenge to scaling up the use of native species in landscaping is providing ornamental plants that are both ecologically functional and economically *** on ecological and economic constraints,accelerated breeding approaches could be applied to ornamental trait development in native *** review examines the impact of landscaping choices on biodiversity,the current status of breeding and selection of native ornamental plants,and the interdisciplinary research needed to scale up landscaping plants that can support native biodiversity.

关键词： breeding landscape ecological

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Optical tissue clearing enables rapid,precise and comprehensive assessment of three-dimensional morphology in experimental nerve regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1348-1356页

作者： Simeon C.Daeschler Jennifer Zhang Tessa Gordon gregory h.Borschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

Morphological analyses are key outcome assessments for nerve regeneration studies but are historically limited to tissue *** optical tissue clearing techniques enabling three-dimensional imaging of entire organs at a subcellular resolution have revolutionized morphological studies of the *** extend their applicability to experimental nerve repair studies we adapted these techniques to nerves and their motor and sensory targets in *** solvent-based protocols rendered harvested peripheral nerves and their target organs transparent within 24 hours while preserving tissue architecture and *** optical clearing was compatible with conventional laboratory techniques,including retrograde labeling studies,and computational image segmentation,providing fast and precise cell ***,optically cleared organs enabled three-dimensional morphometry at an unprecedented scale including dermatome-wide innervation studies,tracing of intramuscular nerve branches or mapping of neurovascular *** their wide-ranging applicability,rapid processing times,and low costs,tissue clearing techniques are likely to be a key technology for next-generation nerve repair *** procedures were approved by the hospital for Sick Children’s Laboratory Animal Services Committee(49871/9)on November 9,2019.

关键词： histology image segmentation morphometry nerve regeneration outcome assessment peripheral nerve three-dimensional imaging tissue clearing

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Mainstreaming the Full ENSO:Linking Present Weather and Future Climate

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第6期13卷 829-841页

作者： Michael h.Glantz Lino Naranjo-Diaz Qian Ye gregory E.Pierce Consortium for Capacity Building(CCB) University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80301USA Integrated Risk Governance Program Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

In this article we propose that all countries that are striving to become a Weather-Ready Nation(WRN)would beneft greatly from including El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)-related research findings into their decision-making processes,not only when an El Niño or a La Niña forecast has been issued *** an aspiring WRN,to beneft from ENSO information,such as disruptive or benefcial changes that could be foreseeably expected to occur in seasonal fow and in sub-seasonal hydrometeorological anomalies,requires its continuous mainstreaming about the status of the ENSO process into a WRN’s decision-making *** ENSO process provides a bridge between sub-seasonal weather anomalies and a sub-decadal climate phenomenon as well as a bridge between coping with weather extremes today and preparing for climate change-related hydrometeorological hazards in the *** extremes every few years provide a chance to evaluate a nation’s strategic and tactical responses to hydrometeorological hazard forecasts and *** successive ENSO extreme and its Neutral phase tests previously designed best *** of today’s youth and young professionals on climate,water,and weather issues has been increasing and will do so in coming *** awareness and attention to ENSO and away from ENSO extremes is *** heightened urgency for understanding the full ENSO“cycle”especially by youth and young professionals today is because they will soon be in professional positions that enable them to advise decision makers about climate policy *** understanding of the ENSO cycle is critically needed,as global warming is expected to continue to increase for the rest of the twentyfrst century.

关键词： ENSO WRN hydromet Climate change Young professionals

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