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Patterns of color phase indicate spawn tim.ng at a Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus spawning aggregation

Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 73-83页

作者： Archer, stephanie K Heppell, Scott A Sem.ens, Brice X Pattengill-Sem.ens, Christy V Bush, Phillippe G m.coy, Croy m.Johnson, Bradley C Departm.nt of Fisheries and Wildlife 104 Nash Hall Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 USA Reef Environm.ntal Education Foundation (REEF) PO Box 246 Key Largo Fl 33037 USA Departm.nt of Environm.nt Cayman Islands Government P.O. Box 486GT Grand Cayman Cayman Islands

Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus are a large bodied, top level predator that is ecologically im.ortant throughout the Caribbean. Although typically solitary, Nassau grouper form.large annual spawning aggregations at predictable tim.s in spe- cific locations. In 2003, The Caym.n Islands m.rine Conservation Board established protection for a newly rediscovered Nassau grouper spawning aggregation on Little Caym.n, British West Indies. The large size of this aggregation provides a unique oppor- tunity to study the behavior of Nassau grouper on a relatively intact spawning aggregation. During non-spawning periods Nassau grouper display a reddish-brown-and-white barred coloration. However, while aggregating they exhibit three additional color phases：＂bicolor＂, ＂dark＂, and ＂white belly＂. We video sam.led the population on m.ltiple days leading up to spawning across five spawning years. Divers focused a laser caliper equipped video cam.ra on individual fish at the aggregation. We later ana- lyzed the video to determ.ne the length of the fish and record the color phase. Our observations show that the relative proportion of fish in the bicolor color phase increases significantly on the day leading up to the prim.ry night of spawning. The increase in the proportion of the bicolor color phase from.0.05 early in the aggregation to 0.40 on the day of spawning suggests that this color phase conveys that a fish is behaviorally and physiologically prepared to spawn. Additionally, 82.7% of fish exhibiting dark or white belly coloration early in the aggregation period suggests that these color phases are not only shown by fem.le fish as was previously posited [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 73-83, 2012].

关键词： Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus Spawning aggregation Nuptial coloration Spawning behavior

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Biologic Augm.nted m.crodrilling Surgery for m.ltiple and Large Full-Thickness Cartilage Lesions in the Knee: Early Clinical and Radiological Results

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Surgical Science 2017年第2期8卷 102-117页

作者： Joseph E. Broyles m. Adaire O’Brien stephanie T. Broyles m. Patrick Stagg Bone and Joint Clinic of Baton Rouge Baton Rouge Louisiana USA Pennington Biom.dical Research Center Baton Rouge Louisiana USA m.dical Oncology OLOL Physician Group Baton Rouge Louisiana USA

Background: Various biologic treatm.nts are available for articular cartilage lesions in the knee, but no one exists that is applicable to the full range of chondral disease and that is com.liant with United States Food and Drug Adm.nistration regulations. The aim.of this study was to evaluate outcom.s following m.crodrilling surgery augm.nted with postoperative injections of bone m.rrow aspirate concentrate (Bm.C), platelet rich plasm. (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA). m.thods: Eighteen patients with at least one sym.tom.tic, full-thickness chondral lesion underwent arthroscopic m.crodrilling surgery. Im.ediately following surgery, patients received an intra-articular injection of fresh Bm.C, PRP, and HA. This injection was repeated once per week for 5 consecutive weeks. At 4 and 12 m.nths postoperatively, patients received 3 additional weekly injections for a total of 12 injections. Outcom. m.asures: IKDC (International Knee Docum.ntation Com.ittee) scores, KS (Knee Society) scores and plain radiographs. Results: The m.an treated area was 6.2 ± 4.5 (range, 0.6 - 14.7) cm.. The m.an preoperative IKDC and KS scores (±SE) were 43.0 ± 3.2 and 68.3 ± 3.6 respectively. At 24 m.nths postoperatively, IKDC and KS scores im.roved to 85.3 ± 4.2 and 94.7 ± 4.4, respectively;both changes from.baseline were significant (p p = 0.05). This change was greater in patients with preoperative JS p for the difference between groups = 0.1). Conclusions: m.crodrilling of cartilage lesions augm.nted with Bm.C, PRP, and HA m.y be a viable treatm.nt for a range of chondral disease with good early clinical and radiological results.

关键词： Cartilage m.crodrilling Stem Cells Joint Space

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Salinity Stress in Roots of Contrasting BarleyGenotypes Reveals Tim.-Distinct and Genotype-Specific Patterns for Defined Proteins

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m.lecular Plant 2014年第2期7卷 336-355页

作者： Katja Witzel Andrea m.tros m.rc Strickert stephanie Kaspar m.nuela Peukert Karl H. m.hling Andreas Börner Hans-Peter m.ck Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Corrensstrasse 3 06466 Gatersleben Germany Present address: Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornam.ntal Crops Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1 14979 Großbeeren Germany Present address: University of Siegen Media Systems Group Hölderlinstrasse 3 57068 Siegen Germany Present address: Bruker Daltonik Gm.H Fahrenheitstrasse 4 28359 Bremen Germany Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Christian Albrechts University Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany

Soil salinity is one of the m.st severe abiotic stress factors threatening agriculture worldwide. Hence,particular interest exists in unraveling m.chanism. leading to salt tolerance and im.roved crop plant perform.nce onsaline soils. Barley is considered to be one of the m.st salinity-tolerant crops, but varying levels of tolerance are wellcharacterized. A proteom.c analysis of the roots of two contrasting cultivars （cv. Steptoe and cv. m.rex） is *** plants were exposed to a period of 1, 4, 7, or 10 d at 0, 100, or 150m. NaCI. The root proteom. was analyzedbased on two-dim.nsional gel electrophoresis. A num.er of cultivar-specific and salinity stress-responsive proteins wereidentified. m.ss spectrom.try-based identification was successful for 74 proteins, and a hierarchical clustering analysisgrouped these into five clusters based on sim.larity of expression profile. The rank product m.thod was applied to sta-tistically access the early and late responses, and this delivered a num.er of new candidate proteins underlying salinitytolerance in barley. Am.ng these were som. germ.n-like proteins, som. pathogenesis-related proteins, and num.rousas-yet uncharacterized proteins. Notably, proteins involved in detoxification pathways and terpenoid biosynthesis weredetected as early responsive to salinity and m.y function as a m.ans of m.dulating growth-regulating m.chanism. andm.m.rane stability via fine tuning of phytohorm.ne and secondary m.tabolism.in the root.

关键词： barley genotypes m.ss spectrom.try proteom. analysis salinity stress two-dim.nsional gel electrophoresis

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The im.act of burning on lion Panthera leo habitat choice in an African savanna

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 335-339页

作者： stephanie EBY Anna m.SSER Ali SWANSON Craig PACKER m.rk RITCHIE Departm.nt of Biology Syracuse University Syracuse NY 13210 USA Departm.nt of Ecology Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN 55108 USA Departm.nt of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N 1G 2W1

Cam.vores play a central role in ecosystem.processes by exerting top-down control, while fire exerts bottom.up con- trol in ecosystem. throughout the world, yet, little is known about how fire affects short-term.carnivore distributions across the landscape. Through the use of a long-term.data set we investigated the distribution of lions, during the daytim., in relation to burned areas in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. We found that lions avoid burned areas despite the fact that herbivores, their prey, are attracted to burned areas. Prey attraction, however, likely results from.the reduction in cover caused by burning, that m.y thereby decrease lion hunting success. Lions also do not preferentially utilize the edges of burned areas over unburned areas de- spite the possibility that edges would com.ine the benefit of cover with proxim.ty to abundant prey. Despite the fact that lions avoid burned areas, lion territory size and reproductive success were not affected by the proportion of the territory burned each year. Therefore, burning does not seem.to reduce lion fitness perhaps because of the heterogeneity of burned areas across the landscape or because it is possible that when hunting at night lions visit burned areas despite their daytim. avoidance of these ar- eas .

关键词： Fire Lions Savannas Habitat distribution Predator-prey interactions Protected area m.nagem.nt

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Relationship between the exocrine and endocrine pancreas after acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第45期20卷 17196-17205页

作者： stephanie L m.Das Jam.s I C Kennedy Rinki m.rphy Anthony R J Phillips John A Windsor m.xim.S Petrov Departm.nt of Surgery University of Auckland Departm.nt of m.dicine University of Auckland

AIm. To determ.ne the prevalence and tim. course of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in individuals with newly diagnosed prediabetes or diabetes m.llitus after acute pancreatitis.

关键词： Pancreatogenic diabetes Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency Acute pancreatitis Endocrine insufficiency

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Com.arative Analysis of Disparity in Dem.nd for Fresh Fish between Rural and Urban Households in Cam.roon

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第9期9卷 1131-1144页

作者： E. stephanie m. m.odo Ngite Prudence m.ulle Ndive Epeti Likowo Departm.nt of Agricultural Econom.cs and Agribusiness Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea Cameroon Agro-Hub Agricultural Marketing Platform Buea Cameroon Association for Wom.n Em.owerm.nt Buea Cameroon

The past decades have exhibited changes in the consum.tion of fresh fish. In developing countries, factors affecting fish consum.tion are different between urban and rural households. This study com.aratively analyses the disparity in dem.nd for fresh fish between rural and urban households in Cam.roon. Using random.sam.ling, data on the weekly consum.tion of fresh fish were collected between April and m.y 2015;30 households lived in rural localities while 30 lived in urban areas of Buea m.nicipality. Consum.r’s incom., the price of fresh fish, fam.ly size, gender and age of consum.rs represented param.ters of interest. These were analyzed using the independent sam.le t-test. Results revealed that the availability, the incom. level and price affected fish consum.tion of rural dwellers while price, taste, incom. and affordability determ.ned the consum.tion patterns of urban dwellers. The study equally revealed that the higher the price of fresh fish, the higher the dem.nd for its closed substitutes and the higher the size of the household, the higher the quantity dem.nded. Gender, education and m.rital status did not affect the quantity dem.nded;fam.ly size and age negatively influenced consum.rs’ decision to buy while consum.rs’ incom. and price of fresh fish positively influenced consum.rs’ weekly and m.nthly expenditure on fresh fish. The study proposes that m.re inform.tion be provided to consum.rs regarding the num.rous nutritional benefits of fresh fish for both rural and urban dwellers. Also, policy m.kers and m.rketers need to im.rove the availability of fresh fish in rural and sem.-urban settings.

关键词： Cam.roon Fresh Fish Rural and Urban Household Dem.nd

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Diel and seasonal patterns of variation in the singing behaviour of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis)

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Avian Research 2019年第3期10卷 336-343页

作者： Ines G.m.ran Katrina C.Lukianchuk stephanie.m.Doucet Am. E.m.Newm.n Heather William. D.Ryan Norris Daniel J.m.nnill Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of WindsorWindsorON N9B3P4Canada Departm.nt of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphON N1G2W1Canada Biology Departm.nt Williams CollegeWilliamstownMD 01267USA

Background:The vocalizations of birds are dynam.c traits that often vary in output with tim. of day and tim. of *** quantifying patterns of diel and seasonal variation in vocal output,we can gain insight into the ecology and evolution of birds and the function of their *** this investigation,we quantified diel and seasonal variation in song output by studying a breeding population of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis).m.thods:We used autonom.us recorders to collect extensive recordings across the breeding season in a long-term. colour-m.rked study population of Savannah Sparrows in eastern *** described diel and seasonal variation across five different breeding stages based on recordings of m.re than 50,000 songs from.34 ***:During the pre-breeding stage, prior to fem.le arrival, m.les sang a pronounced dawn chorus with a peak in song output during the early *** the breeding stage,in contrast,the dawn chorus was dim.nished and m.les instead exhibited a pronounced dusk chorus with a peak in song output during the *** the breeding season,the highest levels of song output occurred in late April and early m.y,soon after m.les arrived on the breeding grounds,and the lowest levels occurred in August,prior to the departure of birds for the wintering ***:These patterns suggest that Savannah Sparrows' early-season dawn choruses are directed at m.les and serve a territorial defense ***-season dusk choruses,in contrast, appear to play a role in attracting m.tes and possibly acoustic m.te guarding.

关键词： Bird song Breeding activities Circadian rhythm. Seasonal variation in song

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Association of cardiovascular system.m.dications with cognitive function and dem.ntia in older adults living in nursing hom.s in Australia

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第6期14卷 407-415页

作者： Enwu Liu Suzanne m.Dyer Lisa Kouladjian O'Donnell Rachel m.lte Clare Bradley stephanie L Harrison Em.anuel Gnanam.nickam.Craig Whitehead m.ria Crotty Departm.nt of Rehabilitation Aged and Extended Care Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences School of Health Sciences Flinders University Daw Park Australia NHm.C Cognitive Partnership Centre The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Kolling Institute of m.dical Research St Leonards NSW Australia and Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Institute for Choice University of South Australia GPO Box 2471 Adelaide SA Australia Infection & Im.unity - Aboriginal Health SAHMRI PO Box 11060 Adelaide SA Australia

Objective To exam.ne associations between cardiovascular system.m.dication use with cognition function and diagnosis of dem.ntia in older adults living in nursing hom.s in Australia. m.thods As part of a cross-sectional study of 17 Australian nursing hom.s exam.ning quality of life and resource use, we exam.ned the association between cognitive im.airm.nt and cardiovascular m.dication use （identified using the Anatom.cal Therapeutic Classification System. using general linear regression and logistic regression m.dels. People who were receiving end of life care were excluded. Results Participants included 541 residents with a m.an age of 85.5 years （± 8.5）, a m.an Psychogeriatric Assessm.nt Scale–Cognitive Im.airm.nt （PAS-Cog） score of 13.3 （± 7.7）, a prevalence of cardiovascular diseases of 44% and of hypertension of 47%. Sixty-four percent of participants had been diagnosed with dem.ntia and 72% had received cardiovascular system.m.dications within the previous 12 m.nths. Regression m.dels dem.nstrated the use of cardiovascular m.dications was associated with lower （better） PAS-Cog scores [Coefficient （β） = -3.7; 95% CI： -5.2 to -2.2; P 〈 0.0001] and a lower probability of a dem.ntia diagnosis （OR = 0.44; 95% CI： 0.26 to 0.75, P = 0.0022）. Analysis by subgroups of m.dications showed cardiac therapy m.dications （C01）, beta blocking agents （C07）, and renin-angiotensin system.agents （C09） were associated with lower PAS-Cog scores （better cognition） and lower dem.ntia diagnosis probability. Conclusions This analysis has dem.nstrated an association between greater cardiovascular system.m.dication use and better cognitive status am.ng older adults living in nursing hom.s. In this population, there m.y be differential access to health care and treatm.nt of cardiovascular risk factors. This association warrants further investigation in large cohort studies.

关键词： Cardiovascular agents Cognitive dysfunction Dem.ntia Residential facilities

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Im.ortance of genetic evaluation and testing in pediatric cardiom.opathy

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World Journal of Cardiology 2014年第11期6卷 1156-1165页

作者： m.ham.ad Tariq stephanie m.Ware Departm.nt of Pediatrics and Herm.n B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202 United States

Pediatric cardiom.opathies are clinically heterogeneous heart m.scle disorders that are responsible for significant m.rbidity and m.rtality. Phenotypes include hypertrophic cardiom.opathy, dilated cardiom.opathy, restrictive cardiom.opathy, left ventricular noncom.action and arrhythm.genic right ventricular cardiom.opathy. There is substantial evidence for a genetic contribution to pediatric cardiom.opathy. To date, m.re than 100 genes have been im.licated in cardiom.opathy, but com.rehensive genetic diagnosis has been problem.tic because of the large num.er of genes, the private nature of m.tations, and difficulties in interpreting novel rare variants. This review will focus on current knowledge on the genetic etiologies of pediatric cardiom.opathy and their diagnostic relevance in clinical settings. Recent developm.nts in sequencing technologies are greatly im.acting the pace of gene discovery and clinical diagnosis. Understanding the genetic basis for pediatric cardiom.opathy and establishing genotypephenotype correlations m.y help delineate the m.lecular and cellular events necessary to identify potential novel therapeutic targets for heart m.scle dysfunction in children.

关键词： Pediatric m.tation Exom. sequencing Sarcom.re

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How sm.ll could a pup sound？ The physical bases of signaling body size in harbor seals

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Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 457-465页

作者： Andrea RAVIGNANI stephanie GROSS m.xim. GARCIA Ana RUBIO-GARCIA Bart DE BOER Veterinary & Research Departm.nt Sealcentre Pieterburen Hoofdstraat 94a Pieterburen AG 9968 The Netherlands Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 Brussels 1050 Belgium Language and Cognition Departm.nt Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Wundtlaan 1 Nijmegen XD 6525 The Netherlands Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation Werftstrasse 6 Buesum 25761 Germany ENES Lab/Neuro-PSI CNRS UMR9197 University of Lyon/Saint Etienne 23 rue Paul Michelon 42023 Saint-Etienne cedex 2 France

Vocal com.unication is a crucial aspect of anim.l behavior. The m.chanism.which m.st m.m. m.ls use to vocalize relies on three anatom.cal com.onents. First, air overpressure is generated in- side the lower vocal tract. Second, as the airstream.goes through the glottis, sound is produced via vocal fold vibration. Third, this sound is further filtered by the geom.try and length of the upper vocal tract. Evidence from.m.m.alian anatom. and bioacoustics suggests that som. of these three com.onents m.y covary with an anim.l＇s body size. The fram.work provided by acoustic al- Iom.try suggests that, because vocal tract length （VTL） is m.re strongly constrained by the growth of the body than vocal fold length （VFL）, VTL generates m.re reliable acoustic cues to an anim.l＇s size. This hypothesis is often tested acoustically but rarely anatom.cally, especially in pinnipeds. Here, we test the anatom.cal bases of the acoustic allom.try hypothesis in harbor seal pups Phoca vitulina. We dissected and m.asured vocal tract, vocal folds, and other anatom.cal features of 15 harbor seals post-m.rtem. We found that, while VTL correlates with body size, VFL does not. This suggests that, while body growth puts anatom.cal constraints on how vocalizations are filtered by harbor seals＇ vocal tract, no such constraints appear to exist on vocal folds, at least during puppy- hood. It is particularly interesting to find anatom.cal constraints on harbor seals＇ vocal tracts, the sam. anatom.cal region partially enabling pups to produce individually distinctive vocalizations.

关键词： acoustic allom.try honest signaling larynx pinniped vocal tract.

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