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Risk factors for long COVId in children and adolescents:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 133-142页

作者： daniel G.Rayner Elaine Wang Cloris Su Om d.Patel stephanie Aleluya Alessandra Giglia Evelyn Zhu Maha Siddique department of Health Research Methods Evidenceand ImpactFaculty of Health SciencesMcMaster University1280 Main St WHamiltonONL8S 4K1Canada Faculty of Health Sciences McMaster University1280 Main St WHamiltonON L8S 4K1Canada Faculty of Science McMaster University1280 Main St WHamiltonONL8S 4K1Canada

Background The long-term sequelae of COVId-19 in children and adolescents remain poorly understood and characterized.This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to summarize the risk factors for long COVId in the pediatric population.Methods We searched six databases from January 2020 to May 2023 for observational studies reporting on risk factors for long COVId or persistent symptoms those were present 12 or more weeks post-infection using multivariable regression analyses.Trial registries,reference lists of included studies,and preprint servers were hand-searched for relevant studies.Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to pool odds ratios for each risk factor.Individual study risk of bias was rated using QUIPS,and the GRAdE framework was used to assess the certainty of evidence for each unique factor.Results Sixteen observational studies(N=46,262)were included,and 19 risk factors were amenable to meta-analysis.With moderate certainty in the evidence,age(per 2-year increase),allergic rhinitis,obesity,previous respiratory diseases,hospitalization,severe acute COVId-19,and symptomatic acute COVId-19 are probably associated with an increased risk of long COVId.Female sex,asthma,comorbidity,and heart diseases may be associated with an increased risk of long COVId,and Asian and Black races may be associated with a decreased risk of long COVId.We did not observe any credible subgroup effects for any risk factor.Conclusions The current body of literature presents several compelling risk factors for the development of long COVId in the pediatric population.Further research is necessary to elucidate the pathophysiology of long COVId.

关键词： COVId-19 Long COVId Post-acute COVId-19 syndrome Pediatrics Risk factors

dNA metabarcoding reveals seasonal changes in diet composition across four arthropod-eating lizard species(Phrynosomatidae:Sceloporus)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 480-495页

作者： Mauricio HERNÁNdEZ stephanie HEREIRA-PACHECO Antton ALBERdI Aníbal H.dÍAZ dE LA VEGA-PÉREZ Arturo ESTRAdA-TORRES Sergio ANCONA Yendi E.NAVARRO-NOYA doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Estación Científica La Malinche Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics The Globe InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta Universidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas Centro de Investigación en Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaSan Felipe IxtacuixtlaTlaxcalaMexico

diet composition and its ecological drivers are rarely investigated in coexisting closely related species.We used a molecular approach to characterize the seasonal variation in diet composition in four spiny lizard species inhabiting a mountainous ecosystem.dNA metabarcoding revealed that the lizards Sceloporus aeneus,S.bicanthalis,S.grammicus,and S.spinosus mostly consumed arthropods of the orders Hemiptera,Araneae,Hymenoptera,and.coleoptera.The terrestrial lizards S.aeneus and S.bicanthalis mostly predated ants and spiders,whereas the arboreal–saxicolous S.grammicus and saxicolous S.spinosus largely consumed grasshoppers and leafhoppers.The taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of the prey was higher during the dry season than the rainy season,likely because reduced prey availability in the dry season forced lizards to diversify their diets to meet their nutritional demands.dietary and phylogenetic composition varied seasonally depending on the species,but only dietary composition varied with altitude.Seasonal dietary turnover was greater in S.spinosus than in S.bicanthalis,suggesting site-specific seasonal variability in prey availability;no other differences among species were observed.S.bicanthalis,which lives at the highest altitude in our study site,displayed interseasonal variation in diet breadth.dietary differences were correlated with the species’feeding strategies and elevational distribution,which likely contributed to the coexistence of these lizard species in the studied geographic area and beyond.

关键词： arthropod-eating lizards diet breadth environmental barcoding mountainous ecosystem seasonal dietary shifts

dysfunction of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor latrophilin 1(AdGRL1/LPHN1)increases the risk of obesity

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2298-2311页

作者： Heba ZabriTorsten Schöneberg AndréNguyen dietzsch Hadi Al-Hasani Joachim Altschmied Katharina Bottermann Jana Brendler Judith Haendeler Susanne Horn Isabell Kaczmarek Antje Körner Kerstin Krause Kathrin Landgraf diana Le duc Laura Lehmann Stefan Lehr stephanie Pick Albert Ricken Rene Schnorr Angela Schulz Martina Strnadová Akhil Velluva Heba Zabri Torsten Schöneberg doreen Thor Simone Prömel Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry Medical FacultyGerman Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany German Center for diabetes Research(dZd e.V.) Munich-NeuherbergGermany Cardiovascular degeneration Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Cardiovascular Research Institute(CARId) Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Pharmacology Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Anatomy Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Center for Pediatric Research Hospital for Children and AdolescentsMedical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research(HI-MAG)of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany department of Endocrinology NephrologyRheumatologyLeipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Institute of Human Genetics Leipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Institute of Cell Biology Department of BiologyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany School of Medicine University of Global Health EquityKigaliRwanda

Obesity is one of the diseases with severe health consequences and rapidly increasing worldwide prevalence.Understanding the complex network of food intake and energy balance regulation is an essential prerequisite for pharmacological intervention with obesity.G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are among the main modulators of metabolism and energy balance.They,for instance,regulate appetite and satiety in certain hypothalamic neurons,as well as glucose and lipid metabolism and hormone secretion from adipocytes.Mutations in some GPCRs,such as the melanocortin receptor type 4(MC4R),have been associated with early-onset obesity.Here,we identified the adhesion GPCR latrophilin 1(AdGRL1/LPHN1)as a member of the regulating network governing food intake and the maintenance of energy balance.deficiency of the highly conserved receptor in mice results in increased food consumption and severe obesity,accompanied by dysregulation of glucose homeostasis.Consistently,we identified a partially inactivating mutation in human AdGRL1/LPHN1 in a patient suffering from obesity.Therefore,we propose that LPHN1 dysfunction is a risk factor for obesity development.

关键词： obesity metabolism intake

Trajectory sampling and finite-size effects in first-principles stopping power calculations

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 238-246页

作者： Alina Kononov Thomas W.Hentschel stephanie B.Hansen Andrew d.Baczewski Center for Computing Research Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNMUSA School of Applied&Engineering Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA Pulsed Power Sciences Center Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNMUSA

Real-time time-dependent density functional theory(TddFT)is presently the most accurate available method for computing electronic stopping powers from first principles.However,obtaining application-relevant results often involves either costly averages over multiple calculations or ad hoc selection of a representative ion trajectory.We consider a broadly applicable,quantitative metric for evaluating and optimizing trajectories in this context.This methodology enables rigorous analysis of the failure modes of various common trajectory choices in crystalline materials.Although randomly selecting trajectories is common practice in stopping power calculations in solids,we show that nearly 30%of random trajectories in an FCC aluminum crystal will not representatively sample the material over the time and length scales feasibly simulated with TddFT,and unrepresentative choices incur errors of up to 60%.We also show that finite-size effects depend on ion trajectory via“ouroboros”effects beyond the prevailing plasmon-based interpretation,and we propose a cost-reducing scheme to obtain converged results even when expensive core-electron contributions preclude large supercells.This work helps to mitigate poorly controlled approximations in first-principles stopping power calculations,allowing 1–2 order of magnitude cost reductions for obtaining representatively averaged and converged results.

关键词： size prevailing selecting

Effect of obesity on post-operative outcomes following colorectal cancer surgery

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第7期14卷 1324-1336页

作者： derek Mao david E Flynn stephanie Yerkovich Kayla Tran Usha Gurunathan Manju d Chandrasegaram Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of SydneySydney 2050New South WalesAustralia department of General Surgery The Prince Charles HospitalBrisbane 4032QueenslandAustralia of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006QueenslandAustralia department of Pathology The Prince Charles HospitalBrisbane 4032QueenslandAustralia department of Anaesthesia The Prince Charles HospitalBrisbane 4032QueenslandAustralia

BACKGROUNd Colorectal cancer(CRC)resection is currently being undertaken in an increasing number of obese patients.Existing studies have yet to reach a consensus as to whether obesity affects post-operative outcomes following CRC surgery.AIM To evaluate the post-operative outcomes of obese patients following CRC resection,as well as to determine the post-operative outcomes of obese patients in the subgroup undergoing laparoscopic surgery.METHOdS Six-hundred and fifteen CRC patients who underwent surgery at the Prince Charles Hospital between January 2010 and december 2020 were categorized into two groups based on body mass index(BMI):Obese[BMI≥30,n=182(29.6%)]and non-obese[BMIdemographics,comorbidities,surgical features,and post-operative outcomes were compared between both groups.Postoperative outcomes were also compared between both groups in the subgroup of patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery[n=472:BMI≥30,n=136(28.8%);BMId a higher burden of cardiac(73.1%vs 56.8%;Pd respiratory comorbidities(37.4%vs 26.8%;P=0.01).Obese patients were also more likely to undergo conversion to an open procedure(12.8%vs 5.1%;P=0.002),but did not experience more postoperative complications(51.6%vs 44.1%;P=0.06)or high-grade complications(19.2%vs 14.1%;P=0.11).In the laparoscopic subgroup,however,obesity was associated with a higher prevalence of post-operative complications(47.8%vs 39.3%;P=0.05)but not high-grade complications(17.6%vs 11.0%;P=0.07).CONCLUSION Surgical resection of CRC in obese individuals is safe.A higher prevalence of post-operative complications in obese patients appears to only be in the context of laparoscopic surgery.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Obesity Body mass index Post-operative outcomes Clavien-dindo

Immunological considerations for laboratory staff and COVId-19 biosafety

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Biosafety and Health 2023年第2期5卷 108-111页

作者： Ambroise Kouame Kintossou stephanie Villar Zisis Kozlakidis Biobank Pasteur Institute of Côte d'IvoireAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization69372 Lyon CEDEX 08France

The vulnerability of healthcare and laboratory to potential infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus has thus far been analyzed through the lens of the acute phase of the pan-demic,including remote-based work,as well as emergency settings that are different from routine healthcare operations.However,as lockdowns ease and activities return to an identifiable pre-pandemic routine,the safety considerations also require to shift accordingly.As laboratory workers are likely to continue being exposed to unidentified SARS-CoV-2 positive samples through routine blood collection and processing opera-tions,coronavirus disease 2019(COVId-19)might have to be re-considered as an occupational disease within this context.Additionally,as per many such occupational diseases,a surveillance system is implemented for the medium-and long-term.This manuscript presents the views on the possible surveillance scenarios for labora-tory staff,viewed from an immunological and biosafety perspective.

关键词： Laboratory staff COVId-19 biosafety Occupational exposure Immunological monitoring Immunological surveillance

The gut microbiome: an orchestrator of xenobiotic metabolism

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第1期10卷 19-32页

作者： stephanie L.Collins Andrew d.Patterson department of Biochemistry Microbiologyand Molecular Biologythe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science the Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Microbes inhabiting the intestinal tract of humans represent a site for xenobiotic metabolism.The gut microbiome,the collection of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract,can alter the metabolic outcome of pharmaceuticals,environmental toxicants,and heavy metals,thereby changing their pharmacokinetics.direct chemical modification of xenobiotics by the gut microbiome,either through the intestinal tract or re-entering the gut via enterohepatic circulation,can lead to increased metabolism or bioactivation,depending on the enzymatic activity within the microbial niche.Unique enzymes encoded within the microbiome include those that reverse the modifications imparted by host detoxification pathways.Additionally,the microbiome can limit xenobiotic absorption in the small intestine by increasing the expression of cell-cell adhesion proteins,supporting the protective mucosal layer,and/or directly sequestering chemicals.Lastly,host gene expression is regulated by the microbiome,including CYP450s,multi-drug resistance proteins,and the transcription factors that regulate them.While the microbiome affects the host and pharmacokinetics of the xenobiotic,xenobiotics can also influence the viability and metabolism of the microbiome.Our understanding of the complex interconnectedness between host,microbiome,and metabolism will advance with new modeling systems,technology development and refinement,and mechanistic studies focused on the contribution of human and microbial metabolism.

关键词： Gut microbiome Xenobiotic metabolism Absorption Gastrointestinal tract Pharmacokinetics Enterohepatic circulation Bioactivation

Interdisciplinary feeding clinic during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic:Implementing telehealth and social determinants of health screening

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Pediatric Investigation 2023年第1期7卷 43-48页

作者： stephanie Harshman desiree Sierra-Velez Kelly daigle Cheryl Hersh Kristen Risley Alexy d.Arauz Boudreau Sarah Matathia Lauren Fiechtner Meg Simione Neuroendocrine Unit Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Eating disorders Clinical and Research Program Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Mass General for ChildrenBostonMassachusettsUSA department of Speech Language and Swallowing DisordersMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Performance Analysis and Improvement Unit Massachusetts General Hospital BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA Massachusetts General Physicians Organization BostonMassachusettsUSA division of General Academic Pediatrics Mass General for ChildrenBostonMassachusettsUSA Greater Boston Food Bank BostonMassachusettsUSA department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA division of General Internal Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA

Pediatric feeding disorders(PFd)are an impairment in oral intake that are associated with nutritional,medical,psychosocial,or feeding skills dysfunction.1 They are clinically complex and challenging due to the heterog... 详细信息

关键词： intake impairment feeding

The efficacy of a verification stage for determining VO_(2max)and the impact of sampling intervals

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2023年第2期5卷 101-105页

作者： Emily J.Kontos Nicholas d.Luden stephanie Kurti Christopher J.Womack Human Performance Laboratory Department of KinesiologyJames Madison UniversityHarrisonburgVA22801USA

It is unknown whether oxygen uptake(VO_(2))sampling intervals influence the efficacy of a verification stage following a graded exercise test(GXT).Fifteen females and 14 males(18-25 years)completed a maximal treadmill GXT.After a 5min recovery,the verification stage began at the speed and grade corresponding with the penultimate stage from the GXT.Maximal oxygen consumption(VO_(2max))from the incremental GXT(iVO_(2max))and VO_(2max)from the verification stage(verVO_(2max))were determined using 10 seconds(s),30s,and 60s from breath×breath averages.There was no main effect for VO_(2max)measure(iVO_(2max)vs.verVO_(2max))10s([47.9±8.31]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)vs[48.85±7.97]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)),30s([46.94±8.62]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)vs[47.28±7.97]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)),and 60s([46.17±8.62]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)vs[46.00±8.00]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)].There was a stage×sampling interval interaction as the difference between(verVO_(2max)−iVO_(2max))was greater for 10-s than 60-s sampling intervals.The verVO_(2max)was>4%higher than iVO_(2max)in 31%,31%,and 17%of the tests for the 10-s,30-s,and 60-s sampling intervals respectively.Sensitivity for the plateau wasd 60-s sampling intervals.Specificity ranged from 44%to 60%for all sampling intervals.Sensitivity for heart rate+respiratory exchange ratio was>90%for all sampling intervals;while specificity wasdings from the present study suggest that the efficacy of verification stages for eliciting a higher VO_(2max)may be influenced by the sampling interval utilized.

关键词： VO_(2max)testing Verification stage VO_(2max)criteria specificity VO_(2max)criteria sensitivity