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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第1期27卷 79-94页

作者： Asnake MEKURIAW Andreas HEINIMANN Gete ZELEKE Hans HURNI kaspar HURNI Natural Resources Management Department Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Geospatial Data and Technology Center Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Center for Development and Environment University of Bern Switzerland Water and Land Resource Center Addis Ababa Ethiopia

An efficient and reliable automated model that can map physical Soil and Water Conservation（SWC） structures on cultivated land was developed using very high spatial resolution imagery obtained from Google Earth and Arc GIS？ERDAS IMAGINE？and SDC Morphology Toolbox for MATLAB and statistical techniques. The model was developed using the following procedures：（1） a high-pass spatial filter algorithm was applied to detect linear features,（2） morphological processing was used to remove unwanted linear features,（3） the raster format was vectorized,（4） the vectorized linear features were split per hectare（ha） and each line was then classified according to its compass directionand（5） the sum of all vector lengths per class of direction per ha was calculated. Finallythe direction class with the greatest length was selected from each ha to predict the physical SWC structures. The model was calibrated and validated on the Ethiopian Highlands. The model correctly mapped 80% of the existing structures. The developed model was then tested at different sites with different topography. The results show that the developed model is feasible for automated mapping of physical SWC structures. Thereforethe model is useful for predicting and mapping physical SWC structures areas across diverse areas.

关键词： physical SWC structure mapping automated mathematical morphology GIS and remote sensing

Degradation study on tin- and bismuth-based gas-diffusion electrodes during electrochemical CO_(2) reduction in highly alkaline media

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第11期30卷 367-376,I0008页

作者： Fabian Bienen Armin Lowe Joachim Hildebrand Sebastian Hertle Dana Schonvogel Dennis Kopljar Norbert Wagner Elias Klemm kaspar Andreas Friedrich Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace CenterPfaffenwaldring 38-4070569 StuttgartGermany Institute of Building Energetics Thermal Engineering and Energy StorageUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 3170569 StuttgartGermany Institute of Technical Chemistry University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569 StuttgartGermany Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace CenterCarl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 1526129 OldenburgGermany

This work investigated the degradation of tin – based gas-diffusion electrodes (GDE) and also a promising Bi2O3 GDE in electrochemical CO_(2) reduction in highly alkaline media which has not been studied before. The contributions of the electrode wetting (or flooding, if excessively) and catalyst leaching on the degradation were analyzed. Therefore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to monitor the wetted surface area of the GDE in combination with post-mortem analysis of the penetration depth by visualizing the electrolyte’s cation in the GDE cross-section. Furthermore, to reveal a possible degradation of the electrocatalyst, its distribution was mapped in the GDEs cross-section after operation while the catholyte was additionally analyzed via ICP-MS. The results clearly demonstrate that the SnO_(2) catalyst dissolves in the reaction zone inside the GDE and might be partially redeposited near the GDEs surface. Since the redeposition process occurs only partially a steady loss of catalyst was observed impeding a clear distinction of the two degradation phenomena. Nevertheless, the deterioration of the electrode performance measured as faraday efficiency (FE) of the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) qualitatively correlates with the differential double layer capacitance (Cdl). A significant difference of the rate of increase for the hydrogen FE and Cdl can be ascribed to the superposition of both above-mentioned degradation mechanisms. The demonstrated instability of SnO_(2) contrasts with the behavior of Bi2O3 GDE which is stabilized during CO_(2) conversion by redeposition of the diluted dissolved species as metallic Bi which is active for the CO_(2) reduction reaction.

关键词： Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction Heterogeneous catalysis Gas-diffusion electrode Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Catalyst leaching

N-terminal truncated RHT-1 proteins generated by translational reinitiation cause semi-dwarfing of wheat Green Revolution alleles

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Molecular Plant 2021年第4期14卷 679-687页

作者： Karel Van De Velde stephen GThomas Floor Heyse Rim kaspar Dominique Van Der Straeten Antje Rohde BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent Technologiepark 101.9052 GhentBelgium Rothamsted Research HarpendenHertfordshire AL52JQUK Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology Department of BiologyGhent UniversitK.L.Ledeganckstrat 359000 GhentBelgium

The unprecedented wheat yield increases during the Green Revolution were achieved through the introduc-tion of the Reduced height(Rht)-B1b and Rht-D1b semi-dwarfing *** Rht-1 alleles encode growth-repressing DELLA genes containing a stop codon within their open reading frame that confers gibberellin(GA)-insensitive *** this study,we successfully took the hurdle of detecting wild-type RHT-1 proteins in different wheat organs and confirmed their degradation in response to *** further demonstrated that Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b produce N-terminal truncated proteins through trans-lational *** of these N-terminal truncated proteins in transgenic lines and in Rht-D1c,an allele containing multiple Rht-D1b copies,demonstrated their ability to cause strong dwarfism,resulting from their insensitivity to GA-mediated degradation.N-terminal truncated proteins were detected in spikes and nodes,but not in the aleurone *** Rht-B 1b and Rht-D1b alleles cause dwarfism but have wild-type dormancy,this finding suggests that tissue-specific differences in translational reinitiation may explain why the Rht-1 alleles reduce plant height without affecting *** together,our findings not only reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the Green Revolution but also demonstrate that trans-lational reinitiation in the main open reading frame occurs in plants.

关键词： gibberellin(GA)signaling DELLA Rht-1 dwarfing ales Green Revolution wheat translational reinitiation

Deposition of eroded soil on terraced croplands in Minchet catchment,Ethiopian Highlands

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第3期5卷 212-220页

作者： Alemtsehay Subhatu Tatenda Lemann kaspar Hurni Brigitte Portner Tibebu Kassawmar Gete Zeleke Hans Hurni Centre for Development and Environment University of BernHallerstrasse 103012 BernSwitzerland Institute of Geography University of BernHallerstrasse 123012 BernSwitzerland Water and Land Resource Centre Diaspora SquareMegenagnaPO Box 3880Addis AbebaEthiopia

In the Ethiopian Highlands,soil and water conservation practices are of utmost importance to conserve eroded soil and combat soil *** study provides detailed results on on-site sediment deposition and net soil loss in terraced croplands in a catchment in the sub-humid Ethiopian *** deposition was measured on horse bean and maize fields during the crop growing seasons of 2014 and *** took place on observation plots on terraced cropland with varying spacing between terraces and varying slope *** soil loss,in this case the amount leaving the terraced cropland,was calculated by modelling the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)for the whole observation field and subtracting the measured sediment *** study result showed about 8–11 t ha^(−1) sediment was deposited in the deposition zone of the terraced cropland,with greater sediment deposition on terraces with narrow spacing and steeper slope *** deposition was highest in July and August,and relatively low in *** soil loss ranged from 32 to 37 t ha^(−1) in the terraced cropland of the study *** the total soil loss in the crop growing season,about 54–74%sediment was deposited on the deposition zone of terraced crop *** of soil and water conservation with narrow spacing,especially on the steep slopes of the sub-humid Ethiopian Highlands or other similar area,are thus highly recommended as they enable conservation of the eroded soil in the cropland.

关键词： Sediment Deposition Soil Loss Soil and Water Conservation Ethiopian Highlands

Salinity Stress in Roots of Contrasting BarleyGenotypes Reveals Time-Distinct and Genotype-Specific Patterns for Defined Proteins

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Molecular Plant 2014年第2期7卷 336-355页

作者： Katja Witzel Andrea Matros Marc Strickert steph.nie kaspar Manuela Peukert Karl H. Mühling Andreas Börner Hans-Peter Mock Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Corrensstrasse 3 06466 Gatersleben Germany Present address: Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1 14979 Großbeeren Germany Present address: University of Siegen Media Systems Group Hölderlinstrasse 3 57068 Siegen Germany Present address: Bruker Daltonik GmbH Fahrenheitstrasse 4 28359 Bremen Germany Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Christian Albrechts University Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany

Soil salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stress factors threatening agriculture worldwide. Hence,particular interest exists in unraveling mechanisms leading to salt tolerance and improved crop plant performance onsaline soils. Barley is considered to be one of the most salinity-tolerant crops, but varying levels of tolerance are wellcharacterized. A proteomic analysis of the roots of two contrasting cultivars （cv. Steptoe and cv. Morex） is *** plants were exposed to a period of 1, 4, 7, or 10 d at 0, 100, or 150mM NaCI. The root proteome was analyzedbased on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A number of cultivar-specific and salinity stress-responsive proteins wereidentified. Mass spectrometry-based identification was successful for 74 proteins, and a hierarchical clustering analysisgrouped these into five clusters based on similarity of expression profile. The rank product method was applied to sta-tistically access the early and late responses, and this delivered a number of new candidate proteins underlying salinitytolerance in barley. Among these were some germin-like proteins, some pathogenesis-related proteins, and numerousas-yet uncharacterized proteins. Notably, proteins involved in detoxification pathways and terpenoid biosynthesis weredetected as early responsive to salinity and may function as a means of modulating growth-regulating mechanisms andmembrane stability via fine tuning of phytohormone and secondary metabolism in the root.

关键词： barley genotypes mass spectrometry proteome analysis salinity stress two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Chemical characteristics and sources of water-soluble organic aerosol in southwest suburb of Beijing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第9期32卷 99-110页

作者： Ruolan Hu Qingcheng Xu Shuxiao Wang Yang Hua Noshan Bhattarai Jingkun Jiang Yu Song kaspar R.Daellenbach Lu Qi Andre S.H.Prevot Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research University of HelsinkiFinland

PM2.5 filter sampling and components measurement were conducted in autumn and winter from 2014 to 2015 at a suburban site(referred herein as "LLH site") located in the southwest of *** offline aerosol mass spectrometry(offline-AMS) analysis and positive matrix factorization(PMF) were applied for measurement and source apportionment of watersoluble organic aerosol(WSOA).Organic aerosol(OA) always dominated PM2.5 during the sampling period,especially in *** pollution was serious during the polluted period both in autumn(31.1 μg/m3) and winter(31.9 μg/m3),while WSOA accounted for 54.4%of OA during the polluted period in autumn,much more than that(21.3%) in *** oxidation degree of WSOA at LLH site was at a high level(oxygen-to-carbon ratio,O/C=0.91)and secondary organic aerosol(SOA) contributed more mass ratio of WSOA than primary organic aerosol(POA) during the whole observation *** winter,coal combustion OA(CCOA) was a stable source of OA and on average accounted for 25.1% of *** autumn,biomass burning OA(BBOA) from household combustion contributed 38.3% of WSOA during polluted *** addition to oxygenated OA(OOA),aqueous-oxygenated OA(aq-OOA) was identified as an important factor of *** heavy pollution period,the mass proportion of aq-OOA to WSOA increased significantly,implying the significant SOA formation through aqueous-phase *** result of this study highlights the concentration on controlling the residential coal and biomass burning,as well as the research needs on aqueous chemistry in OA formation.

关键词： pollution aerosol winter

The Application of the Ground Source and Air-to-Water Heat Pumps in Cold Climate Areas

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2013年第7期4卷 473-481页

作者： kaspar Tennokese Teet-Andrus Koiv Alo Mikola Villu Vares Department of Environmental Engineering Tallinn University of TechnologyTallinnEstonia

This article gives an overview of using the ground source heat pump (GSHP) and air-to-water heat pump (A&WHP) in cold climate areas for heating and for domestic hot water production of buildings. Computer simulation and analysis were carried out for a typical detached house, with 200 m2 of living area, the heat demand of 9 kW and the average heat demand for DHW production of 1 kW. In heating period the average Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the A&WHP is considerably lower than COP of the GSHP.

关键词： Ground Source Heat Pump Air-Water Heat Pump Heat Requirement COP

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现代哲学 2023年第5期 16-35页

作者： [德]麦克斯·施蒂纳李彬彬(译) 不详北京大学马克思主义学院北京100871

塞利加、费尔巴哈和赫斯误解了《唯一者及其所有物》。施蒂纳反对任何凌驾于“我”之上的普遍本质,他的“唯一者”是独一无二的个体,本意是要建立一种真正以现实的个体的人为出发点的哲学。施蒂纳的“唯一者”哲学是费尔巴哈及其后继者... 详细信息

塞利加、费尔巴哈和赫斯误解了《唯一者及其所有物》。施蒂纳反对任何凌驾于“我”之上的普遍本质,他的“唯一者”是独一无二的个体,本意是要建立一种真正以现实的个体的人为出发点的哲学。施蒂纳的“唯一者”哲学是费尔巴哈及其后继者的“类哲学”的对立面。

关键词：唯一者利己主义塞利加费尔巴哈赫斯

Soil Parameter Identification for Wheel-terrain Interaction Dynamics and Traversability Prediction

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2006年第3期3卷 244-251页

作者： Suksun Hutangkabodee Yahya Hashem Zweiri Lakmal Dasarath Seneviratne kaspar Althoefer Department of Mechanical Engineering King's College London StrandLondon WC2R 2LSUK

This paper presents a novel technique for identifying soil parameters for a wheeled vehicle traversing unknown terrain. The identified soil parameters are required for predicting vehicle drawbar pull and wheel drive torque, which in turn can be used for traversability prediction, traction control, and performance optimization of a wheeled vehicle on unknown terrain. The proposed technique is based on the Newton Raphson method. An approximated form of a wheel-soil interaction model based on Composite Simpson＇s Rule is employed for this purpose. The key soil parameters to be identified are internal friction angle, shear deformation modulus, and lumped pressure-sinkage coefficient. The fourth parameter, cohesion, is not too relevant to vehicle drawbar pull, and is assigned an average value during the identification process. Identified parameters are compared with known values, and shown to be in agreement. The identification method is relatively fast and robust. The identified soil parameters can effectively be used to predict drawbar pull and wheel drive torque with good accuracy. The use of identified soil parameters to design a traversability criterion for wheeled vehicles traversing unknown terrain is presented.

关键词： Soil parameter traversability Newton Raphson Composite Simpson's Rule wheeled vehicle

A narrative review on endopancreatic interventions: an innovative access to the pancreas

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Journal of Pancreatology 2021年第2期4卷 90-98页

作者： Michael C.Frey Benjamin Eigl Daniel C.Steinemann Thilo Hackert Fabian Rossler Felix Nickel Beat P.Muller-Stich kaspar Z’graggen Philip C.Muller Department of Surgery Kantonsspital BadenBaden CAScination AG Bern Department of Surgery Clarunis University Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland Department of General Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery University Hospital ZurichZurich Department of Surgery Hirslanden Klinik Beau-SiteBernSwitzerland

The natural connection between the duodenum and the pancreatic duct enables a minimally invasive access to the *** this access is already regularly used,mainly for diagnostic and even for certain therapeutic *** per-oral pancreatoscopy the endopancreatic approach allows the direct visualization of the pancreatic duct system potentially improving the diagnostic work-up of pancreatic cystic neoplasms,intrapancreatic strictures and removal of pancreatic duct ***,the endopancreatic access can equally be applied for surgical *** objective of this review is to summarize endoscopic and surgical interventions using the endopancreatic *** surgery stands for a further development of the endoscopic technique:a rigid endoscope is transabdominally introduced over the duodenum and the papilla to enable resections of strictures and inflamed tissue from inside the pancreas under visual *** the orientation and localization of target structures using this minimally invasive approach is difficult,the development of an accurate image guidance system will play a key role for the clinical implementation and widespread use of endoscopic and surgical endopancreatic interventions.

关键词： Computer-assisted surgery Endopancreatic surgery Image-guided surgery Minimally invasive pancreatic surgery Pancreatic surgery