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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson david Fletcher Edmilson dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher d.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK department of Psychiatry and Nuffield department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,dfa to dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

Pressure pain sensitivity: A new stress measure in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes?

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 150-154页

作者： Annemarie Cecilie Grauslund Emilie Bundgaard Lindkvist steffen Ullitz Thorsen Søren Ballegaard Jens Faber Jannet Svensson Anna Korsgaard Berg department of Pediatrics Herlev and Gentofte HospitalHerlev 2730Denmark Copenhagen University Hospital Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenHerlev 2730Denmark department of Clinical Immunology RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark department of Endocrinology Herlev and Gentofte HospitalHerlev 2730Denmark department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2200Denmark

Type 1 diabetes(T1d)is associated with general-and diabetes-specific stress which has multiple adverse *** measuring stress is of great *** algometer measuring pressure pain sensitivity(PPS)has been shown to correlate to certain stress measures in ***,it has never been investigated in children and *** aim of our study was to examine associations between PPS and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),salivary cortisol and two questionnaires as well as to identify whether the algometer can be used as a clinical tool among children and adolescents with ***-three participants aged 6-18 years and diagnosed with T1d were included in this study with data from two study *** cortisol,PPS and questionnaires were collected,measured,and answered on ***1c was collected from medical *** found correlations between PPS and HbA1c(rho=0.35,P=0.046),cortisol(rho=-0.25,P=0.02)and Perceived Stress Scale(rho=-0.44,P=0.02)in different subgroups based on *** scored higher in PPS than females(Pd PPS to be correlated to HbA1c but otherwise inconsistent in *** PPS values indicated either measurement difficulties or hypersensibility towards pain.

关键词： Stress Children and adolescents Type 1 diabetes Autonomic dysfunction

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大肠埃希菌临床菌株对氟喹诺酮类的耐药机制

中国感染与化疗杂志 2010年第3期10卷 193-193页

作者： Morgan-Linnell SK Becnel Boyd L steffen d 袁瑾懿王明贵

NA旋转酶编码基因(gyrA和gyrB)和拓扑异构酶编码基因(parC和parE)的染色体突变、多重药物外排泵AcrAB表达水平升高以及存在质粒介导acc(6′)-Ib-cr和各种qnr基因等耐药机制均可导致氟喹诺酮类药物对大肠埃希菌的MIC升高.

关键词：氟喹诺酮类药物大肠埃希菌临床菌株耐药机制多重药物外排泵染色体突变 dNA旋转酶流行病学信息

GRACE-based estimates of groundwater variations over North America from 2002 to 2017

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第1期13卷 11-23页

作者： Hansheng Wang Longwei Xiang Holger steffen Patrick Wu Liming Jiang Qiang Shen Zhen Li Masaki Hayashi State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430077China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Geosciences Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China Lantmateriet 80182GavleSweden department of Geoscience University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada

GRACE-based estimates for groundwater storage(GWS)changes in North America substantially depend upon correction of glacialisostatic adjustment(GIA)effects,which are usually removed with GIA *** this study,GIA effects are eliminated by employing an independent separation approach with the aid of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)vertical velocity *** goal is to provide an independent estimate for monthly GWS changes within North America in 1-degree-grids and their trends over the whole GRACE mission lifetime from April 2002 to June *** estimate is derived from the release-6 version of GRACE monthly level-2 data,GNSS data,land surface models for soil moisture and snow wa-ter equivalent,and satellite altimetric lake *** find a GWS anomaly in form of an increasing trend in Saskatchewan,which affects the Saskatchewan Province and the states of Montana,North dakota and Minnesota,and 4 GWS anomalies with declining trends in Nevada,California,Arizona and Texas,*** monthly changes of these GWS anomalies,except for the one in Nevada,are validated by well level *** provide results for average monthly GWS changes and the trends for the 5 anomalies but also in separate form for the 13 affected states or *** increasing trends of the Saskatchewan GWS anomaly and the affected 3 states are related to increasing precipitation and can be elucidated by the decreasing drought intensity *** the contrary,the declining trends in GWS can be explained by weakening precipitation and are mostly supported by the increasing drought intensity level in the other 4 anomalies and the affected states,which are Nevada,California,Arizona,New Mexico,Texas,Oklahoma,Kansas,and *** of monthly GWS changes and their trendscan serveas alternativeand beneficial input for the sustainable management of groundwater resources in North America.

关键词： North America Gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) GNSS Groundwater Precipitation drought

Fur glowing under ultraviolet:in situ analysis of porphyrin accumulation in the skin appendages of mammals

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 15-26页

作者： Séverine L.d.TOUSSAINT Jasper PONSTEIN Mathieu THOURY Rémi MÉTIVIER daniela C.KALTHOFF Benoît HABERMEYER Roger GUILARd steffen BOCK Peter MORTENSEN Sverre SANdBERG Pierre GUERIAU Eli AMSON AG Vergleichende Zoologie Institut für BiologieHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity ScienceBerlinGermany AG Paläobiologie und Evolution Institut für BiologieHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany IPANEMA CNRSministère de la CultureUVSQMNHNUSR3461UniversitéParis-SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay ENS Paris-SaclayCNRSPPSMGif-sur-YvetteFrance department of Zoology Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden PorphyChem SAS DijonFrance ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302Universitéde Bourgogne Franche-ComtéFrance Norwegian Porphyria Centre(NAPOS) Haukeland University HospitalNorwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations(Noklus)and Department of Global Public Health and Primary CareFaculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenNorway Institute of Earth Sciences University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart StuttgartGermany

Examples of photoluminescence(PL)are being reported with increasing frequency in a wide range of organisms from diverse ***,the chemical basis of this PL remains poorly deﬁned,and our understanding of its potential ecological function is still superﬁ*** mammals,recent analyses have identiﬁed free-base por-phyrins as the compounds responsible for the reddish ultraviolet-induced photoluminescence(UV-PL)observed in the pelage of springhares and ***,the localization of the pigments within the hair largely remains to be ***,we use photoluminescence multispectral imaging emission and excitation spec-troscopy to detect,map,and characterize porphyrinic compounds in skin appendages in *** also document new cases of mammalian UV-PL caused by free-base porphyrins in distantly related *** distribution of the UV-PL is strongly suggestive of an endogenous origin of the porphyrinic *** argue that reddish UV-PL is predominantly observed in crepuscular and nocturnal mammals because porphyrins are ***-sequently,this phenomenon may not have a speciﬁc function in intra-or interspeciﬁc communication but rather represents a byproduct of potentially widespread physiological processes.

关键词： in situ analysis mammal multispectral imaging porphyrin UV photoluminescence

Nutrient retention and release in coarse woody debris of three important central European tree species and the use of NIRS to determine deadwood chemical properties

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第3期5卷 296-310页

作者： steffen Herrmann Jurgen Bauhus Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University of Freiburg Tennenbacherstr.4D-79106Freiburg i.Br.Germany Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems Alfred-M611er-Strabe 1Haus41/4216225EberswaldeGermany

Background: Coarse woody debris(CWd) is very important for forest ecosystems, particularly for biodiversity and carbon storage. Its relevance as a possible reservoir and source of nutrients is less clear, especially in central ***: Based on a chronosequence of known ages of logs, we analyzed the nutrients stored in CWd of Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris at different sites in Germany. To quantify nutrient concentrations, we assessed the use of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy(NIRS) to determine the chemical properties of ***: NIRS models were suitable to predict concentrations of C, N, P, lignin and extractives. Concentrations of most nutrients increased with mass loss, with the exception of potassium, which decreased for beech and pine and remained relatively constant for spruce. The highest nutrient concentrations(N, P, S, Ca and Mn, except Mg and K) were generally observed in highly decomposed spruce logs. The net effect of decreasing CWd mass and increasing nutrient concentrations was either a decreasing(N, P and K in beech; P, Mg, K and Mn in pine), constant(S, Ca and Mg in beech; N, S and Ca in pine) or increasing amount of nutrients(N, P, S and Ca in spruce; Mn in beech) in the logsover the course of decomposition. The C/N ratio decreased for all tree species, most markedly for spruce from ca. 1000 at the beginning of the decomposition process to 180 at 36 years. The N/P ratio converged to a value of about 30 forall three species. Lignin concentrations increased for spruce and beech and remained constant for ***: Our results indicate that most nutrients remain in CWd for long periods. Nutrients may be used and cycled by microorganisms within CWd, but with the exception of P(in beech), Mg(in pine) and K(in beech and pine), there appears to be little net nutrient export until two thirds of the mass is lost. Instead, N, P, S and Ca were accumulated in spruce logs, indicating that CWd became a net sink rathe

关键词： CWd NIRS decay Carbon F.sylvatica P.abies P.sylvestris

Combined inhibitors of angiogenesis and histone deacetylase:Efficacy in rat hepatoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第31期17卷 3623-3629页

作者： Marion Ganslmayer Annette Zimmermann steffen Zopf Christoph Herold Medical department 1 University hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg department of Otolaryngology University of Marburg

AIM:To evaluate the antitumoral effect of combined inhibitors of angiogenesis and histone deacetylases in an experimental rat hepatoma ***:MH7777A hepatoma cells were injected into the liver of male Buffalo *** 7 d treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist PTK787/ZK222584(PTK/ZK),the histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275,tamoxifen(TAM) and/or retinoic acid was initiated(n ≥ 8 animals/group).Natural tumor development was shown in untreated control groups(control 1 with n = 12,control 2 with n = 8).The control groups were initiated at different time points to demonstrate the stability of the hepatoma *** documentation of possible side effects,we documented any change in body weight,loss of fur and *** 21 d treatment,the rats were *** target parameters were tumor size and metastasis ***,immunohistochemistry for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay were ***:The control groups developed large tumor nodules with extrahepatic tumor burden in the lung and abdominal organs(control 1:6.18 cm3 ± 4.14 cm3 and control 2:8.0 cm3 ± 4.44 cm3 28 d after tumor cell injection).The tumor volume did not differ significantly in the control groups(P = 0.13).As single agents MS-275 and PTK/ZK reduced tumor volume by 58.6% ± 2.6% and 48.7% ± 3.2% vs control group 1,which was significant only for MS-275(P = 0.025).The combination of MS-275 and PTK/ZK induced a nearly complete and highly significant tumor shrinkage by 90.3% ± 1%(P = 0.005).Addition of TAM showed no further efficacy,while quadruple therapy with retinoic acid increased antitumoral efficacy(tumor reduction by 93 ± 1%) and side *** positive cells were not significantly reduced by the single agents,while dual therapy(MS-275 and PTK/ZK) and quadruple therapy reduced the PCNA-positive cell fraction significantly by 9.1 and 20.6% vs control 1(P < 0.05).Th

关键词：血管生成抑制剂肝癌细胞疗效观察实验大鼠去乙酰化组蛋白增殖细胞核抗原血管内皮生长因子

directly addressable GaN-based nano-LEd arrays: fabrication and electro-optical characterization

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 275-284页

作者： daria d.Bezshlyakh Hendrik Spende Thomas Weimann Peter Hinze steffen Bornemann Jan Gulink Joan Canals Joan daniel Prades Angel dieguez Andreas Waag Institute of Semiconductor Technology Technische Universitat BraunschweigHans-Sommer Str.6638106 BraunschweigGermany Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology Langer Kamp 6 a/b38106 BraunschweigGermany Epitaxy Competence Center ec2 Technische Universitat BraunschweigHans-Sommer Str.6638106 BraunschweigGermany Nanostructuring and Clean Room Center Infrastructure Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltBundesallee 10038116 BraunschweigGermany department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering University of BarcelonaCarrer Marti i Franques 108028 BarcelonaSpain

The rapid development of display technologies has raised interest in arrays of self-emitting,individually controlled light sources atthe *** nitride(GaN)micro-light-emitting diode(LEd)technology meets this ***,the current technology is not suitable for the fabrication of arrays of submicron light sources that can be controlled *** approach is based on nanoLEd arrays that can directly address each array element and a self-pitch with dimensions below the wavelength of *** design and fabrication processes are explained in detail and possess two geometries:a 6×6 array with 400 nm LEds and a 2×32 line array with 200 nm *** nanoLEds are developed as core elements of a novel on-chip super-resolution *** technology,based on its physical properties,is an ideal platform for such nanoLEds.

关键词： arrays GaN optical

Glacier mass balance in High Mountain Asia inferred from a GRACE release-6 gravity solution for the period 2002–2016

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第3期13卷 224-238页

作者： XIANG Longwei WANG Hansheng JIANG Liming SHEN Qiang Holger steffen LI Zhen School of Geosciences Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430077China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Geodetic Infrastructure LantmäterietGävle 80182Sweden

We provide estimates of glacier mass changes in the High Mountain Asia (HMA) area from April2002 to August 2016 by employing a new version of gravity solutions of the Gravity Recovery and ClimateExperiment (GRACE) twin-satellite mission. We find a total mass loss trend of the HMA glaciers at a rateof –22.17 (±1.96) Gt/a. The largest mass loss rates of –7.02 (±0.94) and –6.73 (±0.78) Gt/a are found forthe glaciers in Nyainqentanglha Mountains and Eastern Himalayas, respectively. Although most glaciers inthe HMA area show a mass loss, we find a small glacier mass gain of 1.19 (±0.55) and 0.77 (±0.37) Gt/a inKarakoram Mountains and Western Kunlun Mountains, respectively. There is also a nearly zero massbalance in Pamirs. Our estimates of glacier mass change trends confirm previous results from the analysisof altimetry data of the ICESat (ICE, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite) and ASTER (AdvancedSpaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) dEM (digital Elevation Model) satellites inmost of the selected glacier areas. However, they largely differ to previous GRACE-based studies which weattribute to our different post-processing techniques of the newer GRACE data. In addition, we explicitlyshow regional mass change features for both the interannual glacier mass changes and the 14-a averagedseasonal glacier mass changes. These changes can be explained in parts by total net precipitation (netsnowfall and net rainfall) and net snowfall, but mostly by total net radiation energy when compared to datafrom the ERA5-Land meteorological reanalysis. Moreover, nearly all the non-trend interannual masschanges and most seasonal mass changes can be explained by the total net radiation energy data. The massloss trends could be partly related to a heat effect due to increased net rainfall in Tianshan Mountains, QilianMountains, Nyainqentanglha Mountains and Eastern Himalayas. Our new results for the glacier mass changein this study could help improve the understanding of glac

关键词： glaciers mass balance GRACE precipitation snowfall radiation energy High Mountain Asia