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Anal squamous cell carcinoma: An evolution in disease and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 13052-13059页

作者： Marc C Osborne Justin Maykel Eric k Johnson Scott R steele University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN55415 United States University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center Worcester MA 01609 United States Department of Surgery Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma WA 98431 United States

Anal cancer represents less than 1% of all new cancers diagnosed annually in the United States. Yet, despite the relative paucity of cases, the incidence of anal cancer has seen a steady about 2% rise each year over the last decade. As such, all healthcare providers need to be cognizant of the evaluation and treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma. While chemoradiation remains the mainstay of therapy for most patients with anal cancer, surgery may still be required in recurrent, recalcitrant and palliative disease. In this manuscript, we will explore the diagnosis and management of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus.

关键词： Anal cancer Squamous cell cancer Nigro protocol Anal intraepithelial neoplasia Chemoradiation therapy Anal neoplasm Radiotherapy Cancer screening Drug therapy

Pre-treatment platelet counts as a prognostic and predictive factor in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第1期9卷 42-49页

作者： Morgan steele Ioannis A Voutsadakis Clinical Trials Unit Sault Area Hospital Division of Medical Oncology Department of Internal Medicine Sault Area Hospital Division of Clinical Sciences Northern Ontario School of Medicine

AIM To investigate if pre-treatment platelet counts could provide prognostic information in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma that received neo-adjuvant treatment. METHODS Platelet number on diagnosis of stage II and III rectal cancer was evaluated in 51 patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment and for whom there were complete follow-up data on progression and survival, as well as pathologic outcome at the time of surgery. Pathologic responses on the surgical specimen of patients with lower platelet counts(150-300 × 10~9/L) were compared with these of patients with higher platelet counts(> 300 × 10~9/L) by the χ~2 test. Overall and progression free survival kaplan-Meier curves of the two groups were constructed and compared with the Log-Rank *** A significant difference was present between the two groups in regards to pathologic response with patients with lower platelet counts being more likely to exhibit a good or complete response to neo-adjuvant treatment than patients with higher platelet counts(P = 0.015). Among other factors evaluated, there was also a significant difference between the carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) at presentation of patients that exhibited a good or complete response and those that had no response or a minimal to moderate response. Patients with a good or complete response were more likely to present with a CEA of less than 5 μg/L(P = 0.00066). There was no significant difference in overall and progression free survival between the two platelet count groups(Log-Rank tests P = 0.42 and P = 0.35, respectively).CONCLUSION In this retrospective analysis of stage II and III rectal cancer patients, platelet counts at the time of diagnosis had prognostic value for neo-adjuvant treatment pathologic response. Pre-treatment CEA also held prognostic value in regards to treatment effect.

关键词： Rectal cancer Platelets Prognosis Treatment response neo-adjuvant Chemoradiation

Rapid conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using single and combined metal chloride catalysts in ionic liquid

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燃料化学学报 2013年第2期41卷 214-222页

作者： Hussein Abou-Yousef El Barbary Hassan Philip steele Department of forest Products Mississippi State University Cellulose & Paper Department National Research CenterDokkiCairoEgypt

Direct conversion of cellulose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMf) was performed by using single or combined metal chloride catalysts in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(Cl) ionic *** study demonstrated formation of 2-furyl hydroxymethyl ketone(fHMk),and furfural(ff) simultaneously with the formation of *** reaction parameters were addressed to optimize yields of furan derivatives produced from cellulose by varying reaction temperature,time,and the type of metal chloride *** reaction by using feCl3 resulted in 59.9% total yield of furan derivatives(HMf,fHMk,and ff) from ***3 was the most effective catalyst for selective conversion of cellulose into HMf(35.6%) with less concentrations of fHMk,and *** the yields of furans produced from cellulose could be achieved via reactions catalyzed by different combinations of two metal *** optimization was carried out to produce total furans yield 75.9% by using feCl3/CuCl2 ***3/CuCl2 was the most selective combination to convert cellulose into HMf(39.9%) with total yield(63.8%) of furans produced from the *** temperature and time of the catalytic reaction played an important role in cellulose conversion,and the yields of *** the reaction temperature could enhance the cellulose conversion and HMf yield for short reaction time intervals(5~20 min).

关键词：化学动力学燃料化学理论 EMIM HMf

Routine colonic endoscopic evaluation following resolution of acute diverticulitis:Is it necessary?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第35期20卷 12509-12516页

作者： Amit k Agarwal Burzeen E karanjawala Justin A Maykel Eric k Johnson Scott R steele Department of Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston Department of Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston and Lyndon B.Johnson General Hospital University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center Colon Rectal Surgery Department of SurgeryMadigan Army Medical Center

Diverticular disease incidence is increasing up to 65% by age 85 in industrialized nations,low fiber diets,and in younger and obese ***-five percent of patients with diverticulosis will develop acute *** imposes a significant burden on healthcare systems,resulting in greater than 300000 admissions per year with an estimated annual cost of $3 billion *** computed tomography(CT) is the diagnostic study of choice,with a sensitivity and specificity greater than 95%.Unfortunately,similar CT findings can be present in colonic neoplasia,especially when perforated or *** prompted professional societies such as the American Society of Colon Rectal Surgeons to recommend patients undergo routine colonoscopy after an episode of acute diverticulitis to rule out ***,the data supporting routine colonoscopy after acute diverticulitis is sparse and based small cohort studies utilizing outdated *** any patient with an indication for a colonoscopy should undergo appropriate endoscopic evaluation,in the era of widespread use of high-resolution computed tomography,routine colonic endoscopic evaluation following resolution of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis poses additional costs,comes with inherent risks,and may require further *** this manuscript,we review the current data related to this recommendation.

关键词： Colonic evaluation Colonoscopy Diverticulitis Acute diverticulitis Colonic neoplasia Endoscopy

Does multiple seed loading in Blue Jays result in selective dispersal of smaller acorns?

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 235-243页

作者： Andrew W.BARTLOW Michael kACHMAR Nathanael LICHTI Robert k.SWIHART Jeffrey A.STRATfORD Michael A.steele Department of Biology Wilkes UniversityWilkes BarrePennsylvaniaUSA Department of forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA

Studies from both tropical and temperate systems show that scatter-hoarding rodents selectively disperse larger seeds farther from their source than smaller seeds,potentially increasing seedling establishment in larger-seeded ***-biased dispersal is evident in many oaks(Quercus)and is true both across and within ***,we predict that intraspecifc variation in seed size also influences acorn dispersal by the Blue Jay(Cyanocitta cristata Linnaeus),but in an opposite *** Jays are gape-limited and selectively disperse smaller acorn species(*** oaks[Quercus palustris Münchh]),but often carry several acorns in their crop during a single dispersal *** predict that jays foraging on smaller acorns will load more seeds per trip and disperse seeds to greater distances than when single acorns are carried in the *** test this,we presented free-ranging Blue Jays with pin oak acorns of different sizes over a 2-year *** each of 16 experimental trials,we monitored the birds at a feeding station with remote cameras and determined the number of acorns removed and the distance acorns were dispersed when *** were significantly more likely to engage in multiple seed loading with smaller seeds in both years of the *** the second year,these smaller acorns were dispersed farther than larger acorns,and during the first year,larger acorns were dispersed farther,revealing an inconsistent response to seed size during our *** suggest that in some circumstances,multiple seed loading by Blue Jays may favor dispersal in some plant species.

关键词： acorn dispersal Blue Jays Cyanocitta cristata Quercus seed size

Plant-animal interactions: patterns and mechanisms in terrestrial ecosystems

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 225-227页

作者： Michael A.steele Xianfeng YI Hongmao ZHANG Department of Biology Wilkes UniversityUSA College of Life Sciences Jiangxi Normal UniversityChina School of Life Sciences Central China Normal UniversityChina

from the early work of Darwin,then Ehrlich and Raven(1964),to the recent novel contribution of mutualistic networks developed by Jordano and colleagues(Bascompte and Jordano 2007,Nuismer et al.2013,Guimarães et al.2017),it is clear that plant-animal interactions—especially those involving herbivory,seed dispersal,seed predation and pollination—are significant drivers of ecological processes and the evolution and maintenance of *** vast majority of plant species,for example,are influenced by animal-mediated seed dispersal and pollination.

关键词： Ehrlich terrestrial

Bacteria colonization and gene expression related to immune function in colon mucosa is associated with growth in neonatal calves regardless of live yeast supplementation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1980-1995页

作者： koki Nishihara Clothilde Villot Lautaro Cangiano Le Luo Guan Michael steele Department of Animal Biosciences Animal Science and NutritionUniversity of GuelphGuelphON N1G 1Y2Canada Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2P5Canada Lallemand SAS Blagnac F‑31702France Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA faculty of Land and food Systems The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Present Address:Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada

Background As Holstein calves are susceptible to gastrointestinal disorders during the first week of life,understanding how intestinal immune function develops in neonatal calves is important to promote better intestinal *** probiotics in early life may contribute to host intestinal health by facilitating beneficial bacteria colonization and developing intestinal immune *** objective of this study was to characterize the impact of early life yeast supplementation and growth on colon mucosa-attached bacteria and host immune *** Twenty Holstein bull calves received no supplementation(CON)or Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii(SCB)from birth to 5 d of *** tissue biopsies were taken within 2 h of life(D0)before the first colostrum feeding and 3 h after the morning feeding at d 5 of age(D5)to analyze mucosa-attached bacteria and colon *** sequencing showed that there was no difference inαandβdiversity of mucosa-attached bacteria between day and treatment,but bacteria related to diarrhea were more abundant in the colon mucosa on D0 compared to *** addition,q PCR indicated that the absolute abundance of Escherichia coli(***)decreased in the colon mucosa on D5 compared to D0;however,that of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,and faecalibacterium prausnitzii,which could competitively exclude ***,increased in the colon mucosa on D5 compared to ***-sequencing showed that there were no differentially expressed genes between CON and SCB,but suggested that pathways related to viral infection such as“Interferon Signaling”were activated in the colon mucosa of D5 compared to *** Growth affected mucosa-attached bacteria and host immune function in the colon mucosa during the first 5 d of life in dairy calves independently of SCB *** early life,opportunistic pathogens may decrease due to intestinal environmental changes by beneficial bacteria and/or host immune *** activation

关键词： Colon biopsy Dairy calves RNA-sequencing Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii 16S rRNA amplicon-sequencing

Revisiting 1-＋ Light Hybrid from Monte-Carlo Based QCD Sum Rules

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Chinese Physics Letters 2014年第5期31卷 26-30页

作者：张珠峰金洪英 T. G. steele Department of Physics Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Department of Physics and Engineering Physics University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 5E2 Canada

We reanalyze the 1 ＋ light hybrid from QCD sum rules with a Monte-Carlo based on uncertainty analysis. With 30% uncertainties in the accepted central values for QCD condensates and other input parameters, we obtain a prediction on the 1-＋ hybrid mass of 1.71 ± 0.22 GeV, which covers the mass of 7rl （1600）. We also study the correlations between the input and output parameters of QCD sum rules.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

Evolving screening and surveillance techniques for Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第17期25卷 2045-2057页

作者： David steele kondal kyanam kabir Baig Shajan Peter Basil Hirschowitz Endoscopic Centre of Endoscopic Excellence Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham

Barrett's esophagus(BE) is a change in the esophageal lining and is known to be the major precursor lesion for most cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC).Despite an understanding of its association with BE for many years and the falling incidence rates of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, the incidence for EAC continues to rise exponentially. In association with this rising incidence, if the delay in diagnosis of EAC occurs after the onset of symptoms,then the mortality at 5 years is greater than 80%. Appropriate diagnosis and surveillance strategies are therefore vital for BE. Multiple novel optical technologies and other advanced approaches are being utilized to assist in making screening and surveillance more cost effective. We review the current guidelines and evolving techniques that are currently being evaluated.

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus Screening Surveillance New techniques Endoscopy Imaging Radiofrequency ablation Narrow band imaging