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Advances in herpetological research emanating from China

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Zoological Research 2016年第1期37卷 4-6页

作者： Robert W.MURPHY the state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology,Royal Ontario Museum state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario Museum. bob.murphy@utoronto.ca.

The warming of Earth owing to human activities is resulting in an episode of mass extinction. If global warming is not abated quickly, up to one-fourth of the species on our planet will face extinction in only 35 years. The loss of biodiversity is more than just many species disappearing. It could signal the beginning of the collapse of our ecosystems because the loss of one species can trigger a domino effect. Among vertebrates, the so-called cold bloodied species--fishes, amphibians and reptiles--are the most threatened groups.

关键词： Advances in herpetological research emanating from China

The evolution of cooperation in asymmetric systems

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 139-149页

作者： WANG RuiWu1 & SHI Lei2 1 state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Science,Kunming 650223,China 2 Statistics and Mathematics College,Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,Kunming 650221,China state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Science Kunming 650223 Chin Statistics and Mathematics College Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming 650221 China

Explaining the "Tragedy of the Commons" of the evolution of cooperation remains one of the greatest problems for both biology and social *** interaction,which is one of the most important characteristics of cooperative systems,has not been sufficiently considered in the existing models of the evolution of *** the inequality in the number and payoff between the cooperative actors and recipients in cooperation systems,discriminative density-dependent interference competition will occur in limited dispersal *** model and simulation show that the local but not the global stability of a cooperative interaction can be maintained if the utilization of common resource remains unsaturated,which can be achieved by density-dependent restraint or competition among the cooperative *** intense density dependent interference competition among the cooperative actors and the ready availability of the common resource,with a higher intrinsic contribution ratio of a cooperative actor to the recipient,will increase the probability of *** cooperation between the recipient and the cooperative actors can be transformed into conflict and,it oscillates chaotically with variations of the affecting factors under different environmental or ecological *** higher initial relatedness(*** to kin or reciprocity relatedness),which is equivalent to intrinsic contribution ratio of a cooperative actor to the recipient,can be selected for by penalizing less cooperative or cheating actors but rewarding cooperative individuals in asymmetric *** initial relatedness is a pivot but not the aim of evolution of *** explains well the direct conflict observed in almost all cooperative systems.

关键词： cooperation altruism density dependent tragedy of the commons oscillation chaos asymmetric interaction interference competition

A new genus and species of treefrog from Medog,southeastern Tibet,China(Anura,Rhacophoridae)

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Zoological Research 2016年第1期37卷 15-20页

作者： Ke JIANG Fang YAN Kai WANG Da-Hu ZOU Cheng LI Jing CHE state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology,University of Oklahoma Tibet University Imaging Biodiversity Expedition state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China. state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73072-7029 U.S.A. state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Tibet University Lhasa Tibet 850000 China. Imaging Biodiversity Expedition Beijing 100107 China. state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China. chej@***.

A new genus and species of threefrog is described from Medog, southeastern Tibet, China based on morphological and phylogenetic data. The new genus can be distinguished from other treefrog genera by the following combination of characters：（1） body size moderate, 45.0 mm in male; （2） snout rounded; （3） canthus rostralis obtuse and raised prominently, forming a ridge from nostril to anterior corner of eyes; （4） web rudimentary on fingers; （5） web moderately developed on toes; （6） phalange ＂Y＂ shaped, visible from dorsal side of fingers and toes; （7） skin of dorsal surfaces relatively smooth, scatted with small tubercles; （8） iris with a pale yellow, ＂X＂ shaped pattern of pigmentation.

关键词： Taxonomy New genus New species Theloderma moloch Nasutixalus medogensis sp. nov.

Positive Darwinian selection in human population:A review

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第10期53卷 1457-1467页

作者： WU DongDong1,3 & ZHANG YaPing1,2 1 state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China 2 laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource Yunnan University Kunming China

This paper reviews a large number of genes under positive Darwinian selection in modern human populations, such as brain development genes, immunity genes, reproductive related genes, perception receptors. The research on the evolutionary property of these genes will provide important insight into human evolution and disease mechanisms. With the increase of population genetics and comparative genomics data, more and more evidences indicate that positive Darwinian selection plays an indispensable role in the origin and evolution of human beings. This paper will also summarize the methods to detect positive selection, analyze the interference factors faced and make suggestions for further research on positive selection.

关键词：自然选择积极选择达尔文进化论人类学种群遗传

Molecular evolution of stress-response gene Leptin in high-altitude Chinese snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus genus)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第36期55卷 4132-4135页

作者： WANG XiaoPing1,2, JIN Wei1,2, YU Li1,2 & ZHANG YaPing1,2 1 laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China 2 state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource Yunnan University Kunming China state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China

Chinese snub-nosed monkeys (genus Rhinopithecus, subfamily Colobinae), including R. bieti, R. brelichi and R. roxellana, are well-known as the non-human primates with the highest known altitudinal distribution. They represent an interesting model organism of adaptation to the extreme environmental stresses. However, no study at the molecular level has yet been reported for the high-altitude adaptation in Chinese snub-nosed monkeys. Leptin, as an adipocyte-derived hormone, is believed to play an important role in energy homeostasis in adaptation to high altitude environments. In the present study, we sequenced and compared leptin sequences of the Chinese snub-nosed monkeys (R. bieti and R. roxellana) with their lowland close relative R. avunculus and other Colobines. Unexpectedly, no amino acid changes were observed in the 7 Colobinae species examined, including the 2 Chinese snub-nosed monkeys, indicating no difference in the evolutionary pattern of the Leptin gene between high-altitude monkeys and their lowland counterparts. In contrast to a previous finding of adaptive evolution of Leptin gene in plateau pikas, our study suggests that this gene may not have an important role in high-altitude adaptation of Chinese snub-nosed monkeys. Other nuclear genes associated with energy metabolism, or mitochondrial genes, are most likely to be involved the molecular mechanism underlying adaptation of these monkeys to cold and hypoxia associated with the highland environment.

关键词： Leptin基因金丝猴属瘦素基因压力反应分子进化高空鼻极端环境

Application of the phylogenetic analysis in mitochondrial disease study

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第18期53卷 2733-2738页

作者： WANG ChengYe1,2,3, KONG QingPeng1,2 & ZHANG YaPing1,2? 1 state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China 2 laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource Yunnan University Kunming China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Mitochondrial disease currently received an increasing concern. However, the case-control design commonly adopted in this field is vulnerable to genetic background, population stratification and poor data quality. Although the phylogenetic analysis could help solve part of these problems, it has not received adequate attention. This paper is a review of this method as well as its application in mito- chondrial disease study.

关键词：线粒体疾病分析单元型种群分布

Rediscovery of the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China

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Zoological Research 2017年第4期38卷 206-207页

作者： Fei Li Xi Zheng Xue-Long Jiang Bosco Pui Lok Chan Kadoorie Conservation China Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

DEAR EDITOR, The sun bear, Helarctos malayanus （Raffles, 1821）, is a forest- dependent bear species distributed in tropical Southeast Asia. The species was previously reported from scattered localities in southwestern China, which is at the northeastern edge of its global range. Due to the scarcity of reliable recent records, some authorities cast doubt on the continued existence of sun bear in China. Here we present the rediscovery of this species in Yingjiang County, western Yunnan Province, China, near the international border with Myanmar＇s Kachin state.

关键词： China Helarctos malayanus Rediscovery of the sun bear Yunnan Province in Yingjiang County

Evolution of cd59 gene in mammals

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2007年第6期50卷 773-779页

作者： GONG YuanYing1,2, PENG MinSheng1,2, ZHOU WeiPing1,3,4 & ZHANG YaPing1,4 1 state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China 2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China 4 laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Molecular and Cell Biology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources Yunnan University Kunming China

The CD59-coding sequences were obtained from 5 mammals by PCR and BLAST, and combined with the available sequences in GenBank, the nucleotide substitution rates of mammalian cd59 were calcu- lated. Results of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates revealed that cd59 experienced negative selection in mammals overall. Four sites experiencing positive selection were found by using "site-specific" model in PAML software. These sites were distributed on the molecular surface, of which 2 sites located in the key functional domain. Furthermore, "branch-site-specific" model detected 1 positive site in cd59a and cd59b lineages which underwent accelerated evolution caused by positive selection after gene duplication in mouse.

关键词： cd59, evolution, positive selection

The Australasian frog family Ceratobatrachidae in China,Myanmar and Thailand:discovery of a new Himalayan forest frog clade

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Zoological Research 2016年第1期37卷 7-14页

作者： Fang YAN Ke JIANG Kai WANG Jie-Qiong JIN Chatmongkon SUWANNAPOOM Cheng LI Jens V.VINDUM Rafe M.BROWN Jing CHE state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology,University of Oklahoma School of Agriculture and Natural resources,University of Phayao Imaging Biodiversity Expedition Department of Herpetology,California Academy of Sciences Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,1345 Jayhawk Blvd,University of Kansas state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Yezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282 Myanmar. state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73072-7029 U.S.A. state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China. state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China School of Agriculture and Natural resources University of Phayao Phayao 56000 Thailand. Imaging Biodiversity Expedition Beijing 100107 China. Department of Herpetology California Academy of Sciences California 94118 U.S.A. Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 1345 Jayhawk Blvd University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 U.S.A. state key laboratory of genetic resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China. chej@***.

In an effort to study the systematic affinities and species- level phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic anurans vadably assigned to the genera Ingerana or Limnonectes （family Dicroglossidae）, we collected new molecular sequence data for five species including four Himalayan taxa, Limnonectes xizangensis, Lim. medogensis, Lim. alpine, Ingerana borealis and one southeast Asian species, I. tasanae, and analyzed these together with data from previous studies involving other ostensibly related taxa. Our surprising results demonstrate unequivocally that Lim. xizangensis, Lim. medogensis and Lira. alpine form a strongly supported clade, the sister-group of the family Australasian forest frog family Ceratobatrachidae. This discovery requires an expansion of the definition of Ceratobatrachidae and represents the first record of this family in China. These three species are distinguished from the species of Ingerana and Limnonectes by the：（1） absence of interdigital webbing of the foot, （2） absence of terminal discs on fingers and toes, （3） absence of circumarginal grooves on the fingers and toes, and （4） absence of tarsal folds. Given their phylogenetic and morphological distinctiveness, we assign them to the oldest available generic name for this clade, Liurana Dubois 1987, and transfer Liurana from Dicroglossidae to the family Ceratobatrachidae. In contrast, Ingerana tasanae was found to be clustered with strong support with the recently described genus Alcalus （Ceratobatrachidae）, a small clade of otherwise Sundaic species; this constitutes a new record of the family Ceratobatrachidae for Myanmar and Thailand. Finally, Ingerana borealis clustered with the ＂true＂ Ingerana （family Dicroglossidae）, for which the type species is L tenasserimensis.

关键词： Dicroglossidae Himalaya Liurana