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Advantages and Disadvantages to Learn two Languages:Evidence from Brain and cognitive Sciences

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Advantages and Disadvantages to Learn two Languages:Evidence...

第十二届全国心理学学术大会

作者： Yapeng Wang~(1,2) & Qi Dong~1 1 National key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning,beijing normal university,beijing,100875 2 Institute for learning & Brain sciences,university of Washington,Seattle,WA 98195

It’s estimated that over two thirds of the world’ s population is bilingual,and the number of bilingual speakers keeps *** for this reason,many researchers assessed the cognitive & neural mechanisms of bilingual learning and processing from the perspectives of psychology,linguistics and brain *** bilingual speaker should not simply be considered the sum of two monolingual speakers(Grosjean,1998,2001 ), and they must have effective mechanisms to control and manage their two languages using one brain(Wang et al.,2007,2008).It’ s well known that,for an individual,to learn a second language can help interpersonal communication and career ***,it’s not well known that,whether learning and continual u-

关键词： Advantages and disadvantages Bilingual speakers Bilingual learning Brain and cognitive sci- ences executive control

The cessation and detoxification effect of tea filters on cigarette smoke

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2010年第5期53卷 533-541页

作者： YAN JingQi1,2,DI XiaoJing1,4,LIU CaiYi3,ZHANG HuiMin3,HUANG XiouQin3,ZHANG JunJing1,2,ZHAO Yan5,ZHANG LongZe1,CHANG YanZhong4,LIANG YongLin2$,TAO Ran3 & ZHAO BaoLu1,21 state key laboratory of Brain and cognitive Science,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100101,china 2 key laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100101,china 3 Addiction Branch,beijing Military Region General Hospital,beijing 100700,china 4 Institute of Molecular Neurobiology,Hebei normal university,Shijiazhuang 050016,china 5 Department of Food Sciences and Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai,Weihai 264209,china state key laboratory of Brain and cognitive Science Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China key laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Molecular Neurobiology Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China Addiction Branch Beijing Military Region General Hospital Beijing China Department of Food Sciences and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai Weihai China

To treat tobacco addiction,a tea filter was developed and studied for smoking *** work reports the smoking cessation effect of tea when it was used as a component of cigarette *** one trial it was found that after using the tea filters for 2 months,the volunteer smokers decreased their cigarette consumption by 56.5%,and 31.7% of them stopped *** work identified a new method and material,tea filter and theanine,which inhibit tobacco and nicotine addiction and provide an effective strategy for treating tobacco addiction.

关键词： cigarette smoking addiction cigarette cessation tea filter theanine nicotine dependence nicotine acetylcholine receptor(nAChR) dopamine public health free radical

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审美的神经机制

心理科学进展 2010年第1期18卷 19-27页

作者：王乃弋罗跃嘉董奇认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室北京师范大学北京100875 教育心理与学校咨询研究所教育学部北京师范大学北京100875

审美能力是人类独有的高级功能。本文介绍了审美的认知神经模型,以及相关研究的实验范式,对各种刺激材料和任务进行了评价。回顾了近年来脑成像研究的主要进展,ERP和MEG研究证明审美包含发生在不同时段的不同加工阶段,与审美判断相关的... 详细信息

审美能力是人类独有的高级功能。本文介绍了审美的认知神经模型,以及相关研究的实验范式,对各种刺激材料和任务进行了评价。回顾了近年来脑成像研究的主要进展,ERP和MEG研究证明审美包含发生在不同时段的不同加工阶段,与审美判断相关的ERP成分为300～400ms额中部负成分和440～880ms头皮后部晚期正成分。fMRI研究发现与审美相关的主要脑区包括尾状核、框额部皮质和扣带前回。未来研究应进一步区分审美的不同方面的神经机制之间的差别,扩大刺激材料范围,更深入地探讨复杂因素,如文化因素对审美神经机制的影响。

关键词：审美神经机制脑成像研究神经美学

Temporal Sequence and Neural Organization of the Number Meaning Processing in One-digit Solution Verification

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Temporal Sequence and Neural Organization of the Number Mean...

第一届全国脑与认知科学学术研讨会

作者： Xinlin Zhou Chuansheng Chen Renlai Zhou Hongchuan Zhang Hui Zhao Ting Jiang Yi Guo Chunhui Chen Qi Dong Institute of cognitive neuroscience and learning state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning beijing normal university university of California Irvine

＜正＞With event-related potential technique, this study examined the temporal sequence and neural organization of number meaning processing during one-digit solution verification. Undergraduates were asked to solve one-digit comparison （Experiment 1） and subtraction （Experiment 2） problems and 1.5s later verify whether a visually-proposed one-digit solution was correct or not based on foregoing arithmetic processing. The incorrect solutions were further divided into long- and short-distance ones in the basis of numerical distance from

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工作卷入研究的新趋势

心理科学 2009年第1期32卷 158-160页

作者：时雨方来坛时勘北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室北京1000875 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

工作卷入的研究处于不断的发展之中。从复杂、泛化的多因素的概念与结构发展到简单、内化的单因素的概念与结构;从理论上关注个体评价过程到重视个体-环境相匹配的观点;从工作场所的卷入研究到非工作场所的卷入度研究;以及从原来的只有... 详细信息

工作卷入的研究处于不断的发展之中。从复杂、泛化的多因素的概念与结构发展到简单、内化的单因素的概念与结构;从理论上关注个体评价过程到重视个体-环境相匹配的观点;从工作场所的卷入研究到非工作场所的卷入度研究;以及从原来的只有在美国的研究扩展到开始关注跨文化的比较研究。最后,文章还对今后研究的热点与方向进行了展望。

关键词：工作卷入卷入度个体-环境匹配

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青少年创造力的发展研究

心理科学 2009年第3期32卷 535-539页

作者：沃建中王烨晖刘彩梅林崇德西南大学重庆400715 北京师范大学发展心理研究所北京100875 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室北京100875 中央放手电视大学北京100031

创造性思维是创造力认知方向研究的一个热点,绝大多数研究者将发散思维作为测查的唯一指标。本研究将聚合思维也纳入测查指标,采用自编的《青少年创造性思维测验》,对我国青少年创造力的发展进行研究,结果表明:(1)青少年的创造力整体呈... 详细信息

创造性思维是创造力认知方向研究的一个热点,绝大多数研究者将发散思维作为测查的唯一指标。本研究将聚合思维也纳入测查指标,采用自编的《青少年创造性思维测验》,对我国青少年创造力的发展进行研究,结果表明:(1)青少年的创造力整体呈阶段性发展,在同一阶段内呈连续性,小学六年级到初一为发展的关键期。(2)女生创造力水平明显高于男生,主要表现在发散思维的流畅性和变通性子维度上。

关键词：青少年创造力发展

Personality and neurochemicals in the human brain: A preliminary study using 1H MRS

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Science Bulletin 2005年第20期 64-68页

作者： XU Shiyong1,2, PENG Danling2, JIN Zhen3, LIU Hongyan2 &YANG Jie2 1. School of Labor relations and human resources, Renmin university of china, beijing 100872, china 2. state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning, Bei- jing normal university, beijing 100875, china 3. Center for fMRI and Department of Radiology, 306 Hospital, beijing 100101, china

To investigate the neuro-biological bases of introversion-extraversion personality traits, the concentra- tion of four neurochemicals (Cho, mI, α-Glx and NAA) in anterior cigulate gyrus between normal extroverts and in- troverts were examined using non-invasive 1H MRS tech- nique. Our study revealed that introverts have significantly higher level of α-Glx, Cho and mI in the anterior cingulate gyrus than extroverts. This result provides new evidence that the anterior cingulate gyrus is related to personality traits partly in support of Eysenck’s supposition that introverts have higher arousal level than extroverts. Moreover, this result offers neurochemical data for psychobiological theo- ries of personality.

关键词： extraversion introversion neurochemical 1H MRS.

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多目标视觉追踪的现象、规律和认知加工机制

心理科学进展 2010年第12期18卷 1919-1925页

作者：魏柳青张学民刘冰鲁学明李迎娣北京师范大学心理学院北京100875 认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室北京100875

传统注意研究多基于单个注意焦点和采用静态视觉信息。由Pylyshyn(1988)提出的多目标追踪范式则基于动态场景,是研究同时追踪多个目标的容量有限的注意机制比较常用的范式。在多目标追踪基础上发展起来的多身份追踪范式中的对象带有身... 详细信息

传统注意研究多基于单个注意焦点和采用静态视觉信息。由Pylyshyn(1988)提出的多目标追踪范式则基于动态场景,是研究同时追踪多个目标的容量有限的注意机制比较常用的范式。在多目标追踪基础上发展起来的多身份追踪范式中的对象带有身份信息,涉及到较复杂的认知机制,如注意、视觉工作记忆等。探讨以上两种视觉追踪的认知加工机制对真实或模拟情境中动态信息的认知加工活动有重要的理论价值和实践指导意义。

关键词：多目标追踪多身份追踪注意视觉工作记忆

Abnormal regional brain activity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as revealed by resting-state functional MRI

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Abnormal regional brain activity in attention deficit hypera...

第一届全国脑与认知科学学术研讨会

作者： Yu-Feng Zaneg Yong He Chao-Zhe Zhu Qing-Jiu Cao Man-Qiu Sui Meng Liang Li-Xia Tian Tian-Zi Jiang Yu-Feng Wang National key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning beijing normal university beijing 100875 china National laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences beijing 100080 china Institute of Mental Health Peking university beijing 100083 china

＜正＞Inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity are the core symptoms of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）. Functional neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormalities in prefrontal-striatal circuit, cerebellum, brain stem and so on. The current study used a new marker of functional MRI （fMRI）, amplitude of low frequency （0.01 - 0.08 Hz） fluctuation （ALFF）, to investigate the baseline brain function of this disorder. Thirteen ADHD boys （12.95±1.36 yrs） and 12 control boys （13.14±0.55 yrs） were examined by resting-state fMRI. Results showed that ADHD subjects exhibited decreased ALFF in the right inferior

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