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Layer chicken microbiota:a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics across all major gut sections

journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1056-1070页

作者： Yadav Sharma Bajagai Thi Thu Hao Van Nitish joat Kapil Chousalkar Robert j.Moore Dragana stanley Institute for Future Farming Systems Central Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia School of Science RMIT UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia

Background The gut microbiota influences chicken health,welfare,and productivity.A diverse and balanced microbiota has been associated with improved growth,efficient feed utilisation,a well-developed immune system,disease resistance,and stress tolerance in chickens.Previous studies on chicken gut microbiota have predominantly focused on broiler chickens and have usually been limited to one or two sections of the digestive system,under con-trolled research environments,and often sampled at a single time point.To extend these studies,this investigation examined the microbiota of commercially raised layer chickens across all major gut sections of the digestive system and with regular sampling from rearing to the end of production at 80 weeks.The aim was to build a detailed picture of microbiota development across the entire digestive system of layer chickens and study spatial and temporal dynamics.Results The taxonomic composition of gut microbiota differed significantly between birds in the rearing and pro-duction stages,indicating a shift after laying onset.Similar microbiota compositions were observed between proven-triculus and gizzard,as well as between jejunum and ileum,likely due to their anatomical proximity.Lactobacil-lus dominated the upper gut in pullets and the lower gut in older birds.The oesophagus had a high proportion of Proteobacteria,including opportunistic pathogens such as Gallibacterium.Relative abundance of Gallibacterium increased after peak production in multiple gut sections.Aeriscardovia was enriched in the late-lay phase compared to younger birds in multiple gut sections.Age influenced microbial richness and diversity in different organs.The upper gut showed decreased diversity over time,possibly influenced by dietary changes,while the lower gut,specifi-cally cecum and colon,displayed increased richness as birds matured.However,age-related changes were inconsist-ent across all organs,suggesting the influence of organ-specific factors in microbiota maturation.Conclusion Addressing a gap in

关键词： Chicken microbiota Gut microbiota Layers Spatial variation Temporal variation

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First 150 years of catatonia:Looking back at its complicated history and forward to the road ahead

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World journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 600-606页

作者： Levente Csihi Gabor S Ungvari stanley N Caroff Gábor Gazdag Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation Jahn Ferenc South Pest HospitalBudapest 1204Hungary Division of Psychiatry School of MedicineUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawley 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Section of Psychiatry University of Notre DameFremantle 6160Western AustraliaAustralia Behavioral Health Service Corporal Michael J CresenczVeterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Department of Psychiatry University of PennsylvaniaPerelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Faculty of MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1083Hungary

Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum(1828-1899)was the first to conceptualize and describe the main clinical features of a novel psychiatric illness,which he termed catatonia in his groundbreaking monograph published 150 years ago.Although Kahlbaum postulated catatonia as a separate disease entity characterized by psychomotor symptoms and a cyclical course,a close examination of his 26 cases reveals that most of them presented with motor symptom complexes or syndromes associated with various psychiatric and medical conditions.In his classification system,Kraepelin categorized catatonic motor symptoms that occur in combination with psychotic symptoms and typically have a poor prognosis within his dementia praecox(schizophrenia)disease entity.Because of the substantial influence of Kraepelin’s classification,catatonia was predominantly perceived as a component of schizophrenia for most of the 20th century.However,with the advent of the psychopharmacotherapy era starting from the early 1950s,interest in catatonia in both clinical practice and research subsided until the early 2000s.The past two decades have witnessed a resurgence of interest in catatonia.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition,marked a paradigmatic shift by acknowledging that catatonia can occur secondary to various psychiatric and medical conditions.The introduction of an independent diagnostic category termed“Catatonia Not Otherwise Specified”significantly stimulated research in this field.The authors briefly review the history and findings of recent catatonia research and highlight promising directions for future exploration.

关键词： Catatonia Historical overview Psychopharmacology Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school

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降低液压噪声的新方法

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液压与气动 1980年第3期 51-56页

作者： stanley j.skaistis 包全

过去,液压泵产生的噪声盖住了液体及机座所传播的噪声。但结构改进已经使泵的噪声降低很多,以致于另两种噪声源如今已经比较显眼了。最近的研究指出如何使这些以前被忽略的噪声源安静下来。

关键词：噪声液压泵泵油结构改进噪音液压元件流量脉动隔离系统

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消除液压装置噪声的新技术

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机械 1980年第2期 39-45+60页

作者： stanley j.skaistis 尹世荣国营空气压缩机厂机动科

过去,液压泵产生的噪声掩饰了液体和支承结构传递的噪声。但是,随着液压泵设计的改善,已使得泵的噪声大为降低,这样其他两种噪声源就变得引人注目了。最新的研究结果业已指明了这些一度被人忽视的噪声发生器所产生噪声的消除方法。

关键词：液压液体空气传播衰减作用支承结构回路噪声噪音液压装置液压泵液压元件

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根据疲劳强度选译液压元件

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液压与气动 1979年第3期 63-66+50页

作者： stanley j.skaistis 徐达立

NFPA额定疲劳压力指出能够提供“无限”疲劳寿命的压力,它们可以用来估计更高压力的缩短寿命效应。但是为了有效地使用这些额定疲劳压力,必须了解如何进行疲劳试验及疲劳试验的含意是什么。

关键词：液压元件疲劳试验液压装置耐久试验材料试验力学强度液压执行元件液压缸油缸

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The temporal fluctuations and development of faecal microbiota in commercial layer flocks

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 197-209页

作者： Nitish joat Yadav S.Bajagai Thi Thu Hao Van Dragana stanley Kapil Chousalkar Robert j.Moore School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth Australia5371Australia Institute for Future Farming Systems Central Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQueensland4701Australia School of Science RMIT UniversityBundooraVictoria3083Australia

The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract influences gut health,which in turn strongly impacts the general health and productivity of laying hens.It is essential to characterise the composition and temporal development of the gut microbiota in healthy layers raised under different management systems,to understand the variations in typical healthy microbiota structure,so that deviations from this might be recognised and correlated with production and health issues when they arise.The present investigation aimed to study the temporal development and phylogenetic composition of the gut microbiota of four commercially raised layer flocks from hatch to end of the production cycle.Non-intrusive faecal sampling was undertaken as a proxy to represent the gut microbiota.Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to characterise the microbiota.Beta diversity analysis indicated that each faecal microbiota was different across the four flocks and had subtly different temporal development patterns.Despite these inter-flock differences,common patterns of microbiota development were identified.Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were dominant at an early age in all flocks.The microbiota developed gradually during the rearing phase;richness and diversity increased after 42 d of age and then underwent significant changes in composition after the shift to the production farms,with Bacteroidota becoming more dominant in older birds.By developing a more profound knowledge of normal microbiota development in layers,opportunities to harness the microbiota to aid in the management of layer gut health and productivity may be more clearly seen and realised.

关键词： Chicken microbiota Faecal microbiota Firmicutes Housing condition Proteobacteria

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Update on risk scoring systems for patients with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第22期18卷 2739-2744页

作者： Adrian j stanley Gastrointestinal Unit Glasgow Royal Infirmary Glasgow G4 OSF United Kingdom

Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (UGIH) remains a common medical emergency worldwide. It is increasingly recognised that early risk assessment is an important part of management, which helps direct appropriate patient care and the timing of endoscopy. Several risk scores have been developed, most of which include endoscopic findings, although a minority do not. These scores were developed to identify various end-points including mortality, rebleeding or clinical intervention in the form of transfusion, endoscopic therapy or surgery. Recent studies have reported accurate identification of a very low risk group on presentation, using scores which require simple clinical or laboratory parameters only. This group may not require admission, but could be managed with early out-patient endoscopy. This article aims to describe the existing pre- and post-endoscopy risk scores for UGIH and assess the published data comparing them in the prediction of outcome. Recent data assessing their use in clinical practice, in particular the early identification of low-risk patients, are also discussed.

关键词：上消化道出血风险评估评分系统患者早期识别临床实践组成部分内镜

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A Start Point for Extracellular Nucleotide Signaling

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Molecular Plant 2014年第6期7卷 937-938页

作者： stanley j. Roux Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

A START POINT FOR EXTRACELLULAR NUCLEOTIDE SIGNALINGThe recent discovery of a plant receptor for extracellu- lar nucleotides, reported by Choi et al. （2014）, is a major breakthrough that had been anticipated for over a dec- ade. Plants release ATP into their extracellular matrix （ECM） during growth and when they are induced by vari- ous biotic and abiotic stimuli （Clark and Roux, 2011）. That these extracellular nucleotides would activate receptors in plants was predicted by two sets of discoveries： that low- and sub-micromolar ATP could induce increases in [Ca2＋]cyt, NO, and superoxide signaling intermediates that led to downstream growth, stomatal, and defense responses, and that these changes could be blocked by antagonists that blocked extracellular nucleotide receptors in animals （Demidchik et al., 2003; Song et al., 2006; Clark et al., 2011; Demidchik et al., 2009, 2011）. Although mammalian biolo- gists had discovered two classes of receptors for extracel- lular nucleotides （P2X and P2Y） decades ago （Burnstock, 2007）, there were no plant proteins obviously similar to these in any sequence data available. Clearly, if there were plant purinoceptors, they would be different from the mammalian receptors, and they could not be discovered by motif searches.

关键词： PLASMA-MEMBRANE ARABIDOPSIS ATP APYRASES RECEPTOR

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided elastography in the nodal staging of oesophageal cancer

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第9期18卷 889-895页

作者： Stuart Paterson Fraser Duthie Adrian j stanley Department of Gastroenterology Forth Valley Royal Hospital Department of Pathology Glasgow Royal Infirmary Department of Gastroenterology Glasgow Royal Infirmary

AIM:To assess quantitative endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)guided elastography in the nodal staging of oesophagogastric cancers.METHODS:This was a single tertiary centre study assessing 50 patients with established oesophago-gastric cancer undergoing EUS-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of lymph nodes between july 2007 and july 2009.EUS-guided elastography of lymph nodes was performed before EUS-FNAB.Standard EUS characteristics were also described.Cytological determination of whether a lymph node was malignant or benign was used as the gold standard for this study.Comparisons of elastography and standard EUS characteristics were made between the cytologically benign and malignant nodes.The main outcome measure was the accuracy of elastography in differentiating between benign and malignant lymph nodes in oesophageal cancers.RESULTS:EUS elastography and FNAB were performed on 53 lymph nodes.Cytological malignancy was found in 23 nodes,one was indeterminate,one was found to be a gastrointestinal stromal tumor and 25 of the nodes were negative for malignancy.On 3 occasions insufficient material was obtained for analysis.The area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic curve for elastography strain ratio was 0.87 (P<0.0001).Elastography strain ratio had a sensitivity 83%,specificity 96%,positive predictive value 95%,and negative predictive value 86% for distinguishing between malignant and benign nodes.The overall accuracy of elastography strain ratio was 90%.Elastography was more sensitive and specific in determining malignant nodal disease than standard EUS criteria.CONCLUSION:EUS elastography is a promising modality that may complement standard EUS and help guide EUS-FNAB during staging of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer.

关键词：淋巴结肿大食管癌弹性内镜引导超声细胞学检测高等教育

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Analysis of drying and saturating natural gypsum samples for mechanical testing

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第2期11卷 219-227页

作者： Mohammadhossein Sadeghiamirshahidi stanley j.Vitton Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan Technological University

The stability of underground abandoned gypsum mines is dependent on the gypsum pillar's strength,and most abandoned mines are in a fully saturated condition. Moisture affects the strength of gypsum and is therefore commonly measured when testing rock strength. For most rocks, this is a simple task of weighing the rock's mass before and after oven-heating at a specified temperature and duration. For natural gypsum, however, this is not a straightforward process. Heating natural gypsum can result in dehydration and transformation of gypsum to hemihydrate and anhydrite, thus changing the physical characteristics of the gypsum such as its particle density which in turn affects the moisture content and strength measurements. To prevent transformation when determining the moisture content of gypsum,the American Society for Testing Materials(ASTM) recommends lowering the drying temperature from 110℃ to 60℃ . To investigate the temperature at which gypsum transforms to hemihydrate, we used a helium pycnometer to measure the particle densities of gypsum, hemihydrate and anhydrite. In this research, we suggest that a higher drying temperature of 80℃ can be used for drying gypsum without transforming gypsum to hemihydrate. Further, preparing saturated samples for mechanical testing,which is required in stability analyses of abandoned mines, is challenging due to the dissolution of gypsum when placed in water. To address this problem, we investigated the following methods to saturate gypsum cores taking into account the solubility of gypsum:(1) water immersion,(2) vacuum saturation, and(3) improved vacuum saturation. The research indicates that all the three methods are acceptable but they should be conducted using a saturated gypsum-water solution to minimize dissolution. Further, the research found that the improved vacuum saturation method saturated the test samples within 24 h, while duration of 30 h was required for the other two methods.

关键词： Gypsum-hemihydrate-anhydrite transformation Dehydration Rock core saturation Moisture content Helium pycnometer

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