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Importance of periphytic biofilms for carbon cycling in paddy fields:A review

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 36-43页

作者： Lei ZHOU Yonghong WU Junzhuo LIU Pengfei SUN Ying XU Jan DOLFINg Robert gMspencer Erik JEPPESEN State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Zigui Three gorges Reservoir Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of ChinaYichang 443605China College of Nanjing University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 211135China Faculty of Energy and Environment Northumbria UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE18QHUK Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahassee FL 32306USA Department of Ecoscience&Centre for Water Technology(WATEC) Aarhus UniversityAarhus DK-8000Denmark Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research Beijing 100049China Limnology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation(EKOSAM)Middle East Technical UniversityAnkara 06800Turkiye Institute of Marine Sciences Middle East Technical UniversityMersin 33731Turkiye

Paddy fields play an important role in global carbon(C) cycling and are an important source of methane(CH_(4)) emissions. Insights into the processes influencing the dynamics of soil organic C(SOC) in paddy fields are essential for maintaining global soil C stocks and mitigating climate change. Periphytic biofilms composed of microalgae, bacteria, and other microorganisms are ubiquitous in paddy fields, where they directly mediate the transfer of elements at the soil-water interface. However, their contributions to C turnover and exchange have been largely neglected. Periphytic biofilms affect and participate in soil C dynamics by altering both abiotic(e.g., pH and redox potential) and biotic conditions(e.g., microbial community composition and metabolism). This review summarizes the contributions of periphytic biofilms to soil C cycling processes, including carbon dioxide fixation, SOC mineralization, and CH_(4) emissions. Future research should be focused on: i) the mechanisms underlying periphytic biofilm-induced C fixation and turnover and ii) quantifying the contributions of periphytic biofilms to soil C uptake, stabilization, and sequestration in paddy fields.

关键词： carbon fixation carbon mineralization carbon sequestration methane emission microbial aggregates soil organic carbon

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平面阴极磁控溅射的设计及性能

电子工艺技术 1989年第1期10卷 55-57,63页

作者： A.g.spencer 王宝霞喻子建

本文分别介绍了周永久磁体和电磁体所做的关于磁场强度及其分布对平面磁控管工作特性影响的研究情况。采用的电磁铁可在环状磁力线路径的中心之处产生0～30mT的变化磁场,在磁场增至25mT(250高斯)时,磁控管工作特性曲线有明显改善;如果超... 详细信息

本文分别介绍了周永久磁体和电磁体所做的关于磁场强度及其分布对平面磁控管工作特性影响的研究情况。采用的电磁铁可在环状磁力线路径的中心之处产生0～30mT的变化磁场,在磁场增至25mT(250高斯)时,磁控管工作特性曲线有明显改善;如果超过25m T,则工作特性曲线变化不大。用永久磁体系统研究了由磁极产生的磁场形状及其对工作参数(特别是靶的利用率和膜的纯度)的影响。研究表明,平行于靶表面的磁场,可以在低压强下将溅射出来的材料的高能量传输到基片上,从而对靶有效瞄准、均匀刻蚀。文中还介绍了用市场上买到的不同磁体来设计永久磁体的方法。

关键词：平面磁控管永久磁体电磁体溅射

Patient Perceptions and Effects of Single Community Pharmacy Systems： Key Elements for Transitions of Care

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2016年第6期4卷 248-252页

作者： L. Amulya Murthy Klodiana Myftari Sheri Stensland Sonali g. Kshatriya Parisa Vatanka Susan R.Winkler spencer E. Harpe Undistributed Pharmacist Jewel-Osco Pharmacy Chicago IL USA Ambulatory Care Pharmacist Breakthrough Care Clinic Wheaton IL USA Associate Professor Chicago Midwestern University Downers Grove IL USA Staff Pharmacist CVS Health Services Inc. Wood Dale IL USA Associate Director Corporate Alliances American Pharmacists Association Washington DC USA Professor and Chair Pharmacy Practice Midwestern University Downers Grove 1L USA Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice Midwestern University Downers Grove 1L USA

The primary objective of the study was to evaluate baseline patient perception on single versus multiple community pharmacy systems. The secondary objective was to determine effects of a pharmacist provided educational intervention on perception of using a single community pharmacy system. This was a prospective survey based study implemented in a single grocery store chain pharmacy and one location of a large retail pharmacy. An anonymous pre-survey was administered to eligible patients. The primary investigator then delivered a brief educational intervention followed by an anonymous post survey. This aimed to determine if there was a change in perception of components assessed in the pre-survey. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Subjects reported using approximately 1.5 pharmacies. Major reasons included cost, location, and immunizations. 63% of subjects answered that their pharmacist will not have an accurate medication list when using multiple pharmacies, however, 92% of subjects responded that the pharmacist should be aware of all medications they take. Education on multiple pharmacy use may help protect against its risks. Cognizance of medications filled at other pharmacies and close communication between patients and pharmacists may help foster pharmacist-patient relationships while reducing the risk of multiple pharmacy use.

关键词： Multiple pharmacy use transitions of care medication reconciliation.

Technical and conceptual considerations forusing animated stimuli in studies of animalbehavior

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 5-19页

作者： Laura CHOUINARD-THULY Stefanie gIERSZEWSKI gil g. ROSENTHAL Simon M. READER guillaume RIEUCAU Kevin L. Woo Robert gERLAI Cynthia TEDORE spencer J. INgLEY John R. STOWERS Joachim g.FROMMENI Francine L. DOLINS Klaudia WITTE Department of Biologv McGill University 1205 Docteur Penfield Montreal Quebec Canada H3A 1B1 Research group of Ecology and Behavioral Biology Institute of Biology University of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2 Siegen 57068 Germany Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Texas A&M University 3258 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA Centro de Investigaciones Cientfficas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca" Calnali Hidalgo Mexico Departmentof Biological Sciences Florida International University 3000 Northeast 151 Street North Miami FL 33181 USA SUNY Empire State College Metropolitan Center 325 Hudson Street New York NY 10013-1005 USA Departmentof Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road Mississauga Ontario Canada L5L 1C6 Lund Vision group Department of Biology Lund University SSIvegatan 35 Lund 22362 Sweden Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB#3280 Coker Hall Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Research Institute of Molecular Pathology IMP Vienna Biocenter VBC Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7 Vienna 1030 Austria loopbiogmbh Hauptstrasse 93 Kritzendorf 3420 Austria Department of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a Hinterkappelen 3032 Switzerland Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn 4901 Evergreen Road Dearborn MI 48128 USA

Rapid technical advances in the field of computeropened new avenues in animal behavior *** （CA） and virtual reality （VR） haveAnimated stimuli are powerful tools as theyoffer standardization, repeatability, and complete control over the stimulus presented, thereby＂reducing＂ and ＂replacing＂ the animals used, and ＂refining＂ the experimental design in line withthe 3Rs. However, appropriate use of these technologies raises conceptual and technical *** this review, we offer guidelines for common technical and conceptual considerations related tothe use of animated stimuli in animal behavior research. Following the steps required to create ananimated stimulus, we discuss （I） the creation, （11） the presentation, and （111） the validation of CAsand VRs. Although our review is geared toward computer-graphically designed stimuli, consider-ations on presentation and validation also apply to video playbacks. CA and VR allow both new be-havioral questions to be addressed and existing questions to be addressed in new ways, thus weexpect a rich future for these methods in both ultimate and proximate studies of animal behavior.

关键词： animal behavior, animated stimulus, computer animation, experimental design, virtual reality, visual communication.

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液氧冷却燃烧室技术的发展

导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) 1981年第2期 1-10页

作者： R.g.spencer D.C.Rousar H.g.Price 夏英德

本文扼要叙述了一个液氧热传导实验研究和液氧冷却燃烧室的试验规划。超临界氧的热传导实验研究是在压力为17～34.5MPa（2460～5000psia）,热通量最大为90MW/m2（55Btu/in2.s）的条件下进行的。使以前获得的试验数据和最近的试验数据互... 详细信息

本文扼要叙述了一个液氧热传导实验研究和液氧冷却燃烧室的试验规划。超临界氧的热传导实验研究是在压力为17～34.5MPa（2460～5000psia）,热通量最大为90MW/m2（55Btu/in2.s）的条件下进行的。使以前获得的试验数据和最近的试验数据互相关联,从中推导出一个设计公式,该公式能在±30％以内把95％的试验数据关联起来。现已按这种相关式设计了一批供试验用的液氧冷却燃烧室,并投入了生产。为了鉴定液氧冷却燃烧室的设计原理,特制定一个试验规划。试验的目的有两个:一是验证高压液体火箭发动机中的液氧冷却相关式;二是确定液氧冷却剂渗漏所产生的影响。

关键词：液氧火箭发动机相关式冷却剂液化气体热传导系数燃烧室压力

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难浸金精矿的细菌氧化处理

新疆有色金属 1994年第2期17卷 31-34页

作者： g.Neeling P.A.spencer H.Kandemir 刘斌

采用铁硫杆菌氧化—氰化浸出法提高了从3种难处理硫化物精矿中提取金的回收率。精矿分析表明,砷黄铁矿、黄铁矿和辉锑矿是有伴生金的主要硫化物精矿。通过对每种精矿进行动力学氧化试验,测定了浸出矿浆中的铁和砷含量。细菌氧化渣氰化... 详细信息

采用铁硫杆菌氧化—氰化浸出法提高了从3种难处理硫化物精矿中提取金的回收率。精矿分析表明,砷黄铁矿、黄铁矿和辉锑矿是有伴生金的主要硫化物精矿。通过对每种精矿进行动力学氧化试验,测定了浸出矿浆中的铁和砷含量。细菌氧化渣氰化浸出试验建立了细菌氧化程度与金提取率的相互关系,在矿浆浓度20％～25％时,近8天时间,精矿的细菌氧化达到很高程度,使金的提取率达到70％～90％。

关键词：细菌氧化浸金氰化浸出氧化渣提取金提取率硫杆菌细菌浸出矿浆浓度氧化试验

燃油催化微粒捕集器微粒捕集与强制再生特性的研究

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内燃机学报 2007年第6期25卷 527-531页

作者：王天友 EricLim Khim Song 林漫群张玉倩刘大明刘书亮 Dale spencer Philip Collier 天津大学内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室天津300072 润英联公司新加坡609921

采用燃油催化再生微粒捕集器,对某排量为7.7 L柴油机的排放微粒进行捕集与强制再生。试验结果表明:在低排温工况下,随着微粒捕集器内微粒不断增加,微粒捕集器两端压差随捕集时间增加呈线性提高。燃油中加入的铁基催化剂可以降低碳粒燃... 详细信息

采用燃油催化再生微粒捕集器,对某排量为7.7 L柴油机的排放微粒进行捕集与强制再生。试验结果表明:在低排温工况下,随着微粒捕集器内微粒不断增加,微粒捕集器两端压差随捕集时间增加呈线性提高。燃油中加入的铁基催化剂可以降低碳粒燃烧的温度,增加微粒捕集器的微粒储备能力,并能够有效再生。当燃油中无添加剂时,在特定工况下发动机运行19.5 h后,微粒捕集器的两端压差达到10 kPa,而有添加剂时则可延长到23.5 h。在排气温度为530℃的强制再生工况下,燃油中有添加剂,约需6 min可全部强制再生累积的微粒,而无添加剂则约用时14 min,且有添加剂时强制再生程度较高。微粒捕集器经500 h耐久试验后,在有添加剂情况下其两端压差达到15 kPa,发动机需在微粒累积工况下运转23 h,无添加剂需要18.5 h。按ESC排放测试,微粒捕集器对微粒的过滤效率达到80%以上,微粒排放为0.017 g/(kW.h),试验结果还发现微粒捕集器对CO、HC及NOx的排放没有影响。

关键词：柴油机燃油催化微粒捕集器微粒排放强制再生

Unexpectedly low δ^(13)C in leaves,branches,stems and roots of three acacia species growing in hyper-arid environments

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第1期14卷 117-131页

作者： Daphna Uni Elli groner Elaine Soloway Amgad Hjazin spencer Johnswick gidon Winters Efrat Sheffer Ido Rog Yael Wagner Tamir Klein Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael The Dead Sea-Arava Science Center Tamar Regional CouncilNeve Zohar 86910Israel Institute of Plant Sciences and genetic in Agriculture The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael Arava Institute for Environmental Studies Kibbutz KeturaIsrael

Aims In plant eco-physiology,less negative(enriched)carbon 13(^(13)C)in the leaves indicates conditions of reducing leaf gas exchange through stomata,*** *** addition,^(13)C is expected to be less negative in non-photosynthetic tissues as compared with ***,these relationships inδ^(13)C from leaves(photosynthetic organs)to branches,stems and roots(non-photosynthetic organs)are rarely tested across multiple closely related tree species,multiple compartments,or in trees growing under extreme heat and *** We measured leaf-to-root^(13)C in three closely related desert acacia species(Acacia tortilis,*** and ***).We measuredδ^(13)C in leaf tissues from mature trees in southern *** parallel,a 7-year irrigation experiment with 0.5,1.0 or 4.0 L day1 was conducted in an experimental *** the end of the experiment,growth parameters andδ^(13)C were measured in leaves,branches,stems and *** Findings Theδ^(13)C in leaf tissues sampled from mature trees was ca.-27‰,far more depleted than expected from a desert tree growing in one of the Earth's driest and hottest *** acacia species and compartments,δ^(13)C was not enriched at all irrigation levels(-28‰to ca.-27‰),confirming our measurements in the mature *** compartments,leafδ^(13)C was unexpectedly similar to branch and rootδ^(13)C,and surprisingly,even less negative than stemδ^(13)*** highly depleted leafδ^(13)C suggests that these trees have high stomatai gas exchange,despite growing in extremely dry *** lack ofδ^(13)C enrichment in nonphotosynthetic tissues might be related to the seasonal coupling of growth of leaves and heterotrophic tissues.

关键词： stable isotope δ^(13)C enrichment desert tree drought resistance Acacia raddiana Acacia tortilis

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