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Women’s Awareness and Attitudes towards Labor Analgesia Influencing Practice between Developed and Developing Countries

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2016年第2期4卷 46-52页

作者： Shammi Karn Hong Yu sourabh karna Liqin Chen Dongyan Qiao Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Zhong Da Hospital Medical School Southeast University Nanjing China Nepal Medical College Kathmandu University Kathmandu Nepal

Childbirth experience is one of the most intense pain that majority of women will endure during their lifetime. Concerns about pain in labor remain a hot topic, and its popularity gets more common day by day as more women become aware of their rights to achieve a better quality of care during labor. There are various non-pharmacologic (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, hydrotherapy, intradermal water injections and acupuncture) and pharmacologic treatments (nitrous oxide, opioids and regional analgesia techniques: spinal, epidural and combined epidural analgesia) available today. Among these, epidural analgesia offers the most effective form of pain relief and is considered to be the gold standard of labor analgesia. Despite having labor analgesic services, most women still go through painful labor due to lack of knowledge regarding it, particularly in developing countries. The main source of information regarding pain reliefs is from friends and relatives, revealing the lack of information from caregiver’s side. So this study reflects that there is a wide gap in the communication between pregnant women and obstetricians. It supports the fact that obstetricians through the practice of routinely offering labor analgesia can significantly improve the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancy. Provision of standardized epidural analgesia information at an appropriate time in their pregnancy may benefit them by the practice of mutual decision-making. Thus, it may prevent women from making a difficult choice of cesarean section to avoid the fear of painful labor.

关键词： Pain Relief Epidural Analgesia Labor Analgesia Developing Country Developed Country Labor Pain

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The role of model checking in software engineering

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2018年第4期12卷 642-668页

作者： Anil Kumar karna Yuting CHEN Haibo YU Hao ZHONG Jianjun ZHAO Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China School of Software Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Department of Advanced Information Technology Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan

Model checking is a formal verification technique. It takes an exhaustively strategy to check hardware circuits and network protocols against desired properties. Having been developed for more than three decades, model checking is now playing an important role in software engineering for verifying rather complicated software artifacts. This paper surveys the role of model checking in software engineering. In particular, we searched for the related liter- atures published at reputed conferences, symposiums, workshops, and journals, and took a survey of （1） various model checking techniques that can be adapted to software development and their implementations, and （2） the use of model checking at different stages of a software development life cycle. We observed that model checking is useful for soft- ware debugging, constraint solving, and malware detection, and it can help verify different types of software systems, such as object- and aspect-oriented systems, service-oriented applications, web-based applications, and GUI applications including safety- and mission-critical systems. The survey is expected to help human engineers understand the role of model checking in software engineering, and as well decide which model checking technique（s） and/or tool（s） are applicable for developing, analyzing and verifying a practical software system. For researchers, the survey also points out how model checking has been adapted to their research topics on software engineering and its challenges.

关键词： software engineering model checking state-explosion

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Antibacterial activity of marine bacteria isolated from sponge Xestospongia testudinaria from Sorong,Papua

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第5期7卷 450-454页

作者： Yatnita Parama Cita Achmad Suhermanto Ocky karna Radjasa Pratiwi Sudharmono Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Universitas IndonesiaJl.Salemba Raya no 6Jakarta10430Indonesia Maritime and Fishery Polytechnic of Sorong KKD-BP Kesehatan Ikan dan LingkunganJl.K.PattimuraTanjung KasuariP.O.Box 109Sorong98410Papua BaratIndonesia Department of Marine Science Diponegoro UniversitySemarang50275Indonesia

Objective:To explore secondary metabolite of bacteria-associated Xestospongia testudinaria from Tanjung Kasuari,Sorong,***:The antimicrobial activities of extracts against two Gram-positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus) and three Gram-negative bacteria(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Eschericia coli and Salmonella typhi) were determined by disk diffusion dilution ***:The test showed that of 15 isolates of symbiont bacteria,6 isolates were successfully isolated and coded,namely,Xp 4.1,Xp 4.2,Xp 4.3,Xp 4.4,Xp 4.5 and Xp *** the six bacterial isolates,isolated Xp 4.2 was found to have more powerful antibacterial activity than any other isolates of symbiont *** activity assay for the n-hexane soluble fractions,ethyl-acetate soluble fractions,and n-buthanol soluble fractions revealed more powerful anti-bacterial activity than any other soluble *** screening showed alkaloid and steroid/triterpenoid,while identification for isolate of Xp 4.2 bacterial showed ***:Metabolites of bacterial associated with marine sponge Xestospongia testudinaria promise to be developed into antibacterial agents.

关键词： Antibacterial activity Marine bacteria Xestospongia testudinaria Sorong

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Structured PDMS Chambers for Enhanced Human Neuronal Cell Activity on MEA Platforms

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第1期9卷 1-10页

作者： Joose Kreutzer Laura Yla-Outinen Paula karna Tiina Kaarela Jarno Mikkonen Heli Skottman Susanna Narkilahti Pasi KaUio Department of Automation Science and Engineering Tampere University of Technology Korkeakoulunkatu 3 33720 Tampere Finland BioMediTech Biokatu 10 33520 Tampere Finland NeuroGroup Institute of Biomedical Technology University of Tampere Biokatu 12 33520 Tampere Finland The Science Center of Pirkanmaa Hospital District Biokatu 12 33521 Tampere Finland Department of Psychology University of Jyvdskyld Ylistonmgientie 33 40500 Jyvdskyla Finland

Structured poly（dimethylsiloxane）（PDMS） chambers were designed and fabricated to enhance the signaling of human Embryonic Stem Cell （hESC） - derived neuronal networks on Microelectrode Array （MEA） platforms. The structured PDMS chambers enable cell seeding on restricted areas and thus, reduce the amount of needed coating materials and cells. In addition, the neuronal cells formed spontaneously active networks faster in the structured PDMS chambers than that in control chambers. In the PDMS chambers, the neuronal networks were more active and able to develop their signaling into organized signal trains faster than control cultures. The PDMS chamber design enables much more repeatable analysis and rapid growth of functional neuronal network in vitro. Moreover, due to its easy and cheap fabrication process, new configurations can be easily fabricated based on investigator requirements.

关键词： cell culturing electrical activity human embryonic stem cells microelectrode array poly(dimethylsiloxane)

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Tuning parallel symbolic execution engine for better performance

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2018年第1期12卷 86-100页

作者： Anil Kumar karna Jinbo DU Haihao SHEN Hao ZHONG Jiong GONG Haibo YU Xiangning MA: Jianjun ZHAO Department of Computer Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China School of Software Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Intel Asia-Pacific Research and Development Ltd. Shanghai 200240 China Department of Advanced Information Technology Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan

Symbolic execution is widely used in many code analysis, testing, and verification tools. As symbolic execu- tion exhaustively explores all feasible paths, it is quite time consuming. To handle the problem, researchers have par- alleled existing symbolic execution tools （e.g., KLEE）. In particular, Cloud9 is a widely used paralleled symbolic exe- cution tool, and researchers have used the tool to analyze real code. However, researchers criticize that tools such as Cloud9 still cannot analyze large scale code. In this paper, we con- duct a field study on Cloud9, in which we use KLEE and Cloud9 to analyze benchmarks in C. Our results confirm the criticism. Based on the results, we identify three bottlenecks that hinder the performance of Cloud9： the communication time gap, the job transfer policy, and the cache management of the solved constraints. To handle these problems, we tune the communication time gap with better parameters, modify the job transfer policy, and implement an approach for cache management of solved constraints. We conduct two evalua- tions on our benchmarks and a real application to understand our improvements. Our results show that our tuned Cloud9 reduces the execution time significantly, both on our bench- marks and the real application. Furthermore, our evaluation results show that our tuning techniques improve the effective- ness on all the devices, and the improvement can be achievedupto five times, depending upon a tuning value of our ap- proach and the behaviour of program under test.

关键词： code analysis symbolic execution parallelizingsymbolic execution KLEE Ctoud9

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Mechanisms of triglyceride metabolism in patients with bile acid diarrhea

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第30期22卷 6757-6763页

作者： Nidhi Midhu Sagar Michael McFarlane Chuka Nwokolo karna Dev Bardhan Ramesh Pulendran Arasaradnam School of Medicine University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire Coventry CV2 2DX United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Rotherham General Hospital NHS Trust Rotherham S60 2UD United Kingdom Clinical Sciences Research Institute University of Warwick Coventry CV2 2DX United Kingdom

Bile acids(BAs) are essential for the absorption of lipids. BA synthesis is inhibited through intestinal farnesoid X receptor(FXR) activity. BA sequestration is known to influence BA metabolism and control serum lipid concentrations. Animal data has demonstrated a regulatory role for the FXR in triglyceride metabolism. FXR inhibits hepatic lipogenesis by inhibiting the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c via small heterodimer primer activity. Conversely, FXR promotes free fatty acids oxidation by inducing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. FXR can reduce the expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, which regulates the assembly of very low-density lipoproteins(VLDL). FXR activation in turn promotes the clearance of circulating triglycerides by inducing apolipoprotein C-Ⅱ, very low-density lipoproteins receptor(VLDL-R) and the expression of Syndecan-1 together with the repression of apolipoprotein C-Ⅲ, which increases lipoprotein lipase activity. There is currently minimal clinical data on triglyceride metabolism in patients with bile acid diarrhoea(BAD). Emerging data suggests that a third of patients with BAD have hypertriglyceridemia. Further research is required to establish the risk of hypertriglyceridaemia in patients with BAD and elicit the mechanisms behind this, allowing for targeted treatment.

关键词： Bile acids Bile acid diarrhea Triglycerides Farnesoid X receptor

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Diagnostic and therapeutic challenge of heart failure after liver transplant:Case series

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第33期9卷 1253-1260页

作者： Manish Tandon Sunaina Tejpal karna Chandra Kant Pandey Ravindra Chaturvedi Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences New Delhi 110070India

Heart failure(HF) following liver transplant(LT) surgery is a distinct clinical entity with high mortality. It is known to occur in absence of obvious risk factors. No preoperative workup including electrocardiogram, echocardiography at rest and on stress, reasonably prognosticates the risk. In patients of chronic liver disease, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, and stress induced cardiomyopathy have each been implicated as a cause for HF after LT. However distinguishing one etiology from another not only is difficult, several etiologies may possibly coexist in a given patient. Diagnostic dilemma is further compounded by the fact that presentation and management of HF irrespective of the possible underlying cause, remains the same. In this case series, 6 cases are presented and in the light of existing literature modification in the preoperative workup are suggested.

关键词： Liver transplant Heart failure Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy Stress cardiomyopathy Alcohol cardiomyopathy

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Exogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) modulates scrotal and testicular biometrics, libido, endocrinological and heamatological profiles in Ganjam goat under humid tropical coastal ecosystem of Odisha

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2022年第6期11卷 285-291页

作者： Jibanjyoti Nayak Anil Kumar Nahak Purna Chandra Mishra Dillip Kumar karna Chinmoy Mishra Perumal Ponraj OUAT-College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry BhubaneswarOdishaIndia ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute Port Blair-744105Andaman and Nicobar IslandsIndia

Objective:To assess the effect of exogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH)in libido,scrotal and testicular biometrics,endocrinological and heamatological profiles of Ganjam goat buck during winter and pre-monsoon ***:Forty eight healty Ganjam goat bucks of 3-4 years old were equally divided into the control and treatment *** control group received distilled water as placebo,while the treatment group received GnRH injection(4μg Buserelin acetate/mL)once a week for four *** weight,scrotal circumference and testicular parameters(testicular volume,testicular weight and testis index),endocrinological profiles[follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),and testosterone],sex behavioural profiles(libido score,mating ability score,and sex behavioural score)and heamatological profiles(red blood cells,white blood cells,haemoglobin,and packed cell volume)were ***:The libido,scrotal and testicular biometrics,and endocrinological profiles significantly differed between the control and GnRH-treated bucks within and between the seasons within the two groups(P<0.05).Body weight,scrotal circumference,testicular volume,testicular weight,testis index,FSH,LH,testosterone,libido score,mating ability score,sex behavioural score,red blood cells,haemoglobin and packed cell volume were significantly higher in the GnRH-treated bucks compared to the control bucks in pre-monsoon and winter seasons(P<0.05).Body weight,scrotal circumference,testicular volume,testicular weight,testis index,FSH,LH,testosterone,libido score,mating ability score,sex behavioural score,red blood cell counts(in treatment),and haemoglobin were significantly higher in pre-monsoon compared to winter season in the experimental groups(P<0.05).The white blood cell counts neither differed between seasons nor between the two ***:Exogenous GnRH supplementation and pre-monsoon season have higher beneficial effects in improvement of endocrinological profi

关键词： Hormone GnRH Ganjam goat Libido Scrotal parameters Testicular parameters

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用于到教学方法的多功能教学设施设计

用于到教学方法的多功能教学设施设计

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作者： Murari Lal karna 哈尔滨工程大学

学位级别：硕士

教育质量在任何国家的经济和社会方面起着重要的作用,中国是一个快速蓬勃发展中的国家,大部分的年轻人热衷于大学教育,中国大学的入学率也正逐年增加。为了采用新的现代化的教学和学习方法,大学正逐渐采用新技术与新媒体结合。教室中的... 详细信息

教育质量在任何国家的经济和社会方面起着重要的作用,中国是一个快速蓬勃发展中的国家,大部分的年轻人热衷于大学教育,中国大学的入学率也正逐年增加。为了采用新的现代化的教学和学习方法,大学正逐渐采用新技术与新媒体结合。教室中的桌椅是各种教学方式的必需品,因为学生将他们大部分的时间应用于课堂,在哈尔滨工程大学（HEU）,教学设施都是固定式的,在同一个教室里,如果把教师为中心转换为以学生为中心,缺乏灵活性。通过使用新的教学方法,在同一个教室,根据课堂要求,特别针对学生上课过程中,既应该有传统的教学方法（听力授课）,也应该有课堂讨论活动（以学生为中心）。因此本文对哈尔滨工程大学的教学设施进行了研究,为适应新教学方法,制作了新的教学桌椅模型。根据中国人体测量数据,中国学生的身高较以前有所增加。因此,5%女生的身高到95%男生的身高之间,模型不适用,但也符合静态人体因素标准。在逸夫馆和机电工程学院安装新模型后,虽然教室的可用空间下学生的数量减小了,但是学生学习的空间却加大了,因此仍然满足相应的空间标准。本文在CATIA V5中建立CAD模型,有限元强度分析是在CATIA V5中的结构分析模块中完成的,且满足安全性。

关键词：大学学生人体测量学椅子和桌子人为因素

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Assessment of platelet activation and phagocytic activity in gastric cancer patients

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2013年第1期4卷 28-33页

作者： Joanna Matowicka-karna Zbigniew Kamocki Halina Kemona Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Medical University of Bialystok the Second Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery Medical University of Bialystok

AIM: To assess the activation of platelets and their phagocytic activity in the course of gastric cancer. METHODS: Forty-three gastric cancer patients were recruited to the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on tumor stage. Group E included 6 patients with early gastric cancer; group A included 18 patients with locally advanced cancer; and group M included 19 patients with metastatic cancer. The investigations were performed twice, prior to surgery and 12-14 d afterwards. RESULTS: The platelet count and the level of sP-selectin were found to increase with the disease progression. The level of sP-selectin was lowest in early cancer and was observed to increase after surgery in all the study patients. Irrespective of tumor stage, a statistically significant decrease was noted in the percentage of phagocytizing platelets and in the phagocytic index in gastric cancer patients as compared to healthy subjects. Despite increased platelet count and stimulation of thrombocytopoiesis, the phagocytic functions of blood platelets were markedly impaired. Tumor development seems to impair metabolic processes. CONCLUSION: A decreasing phagocytic activity can promote both inflammatory processes and cancer growth.

关键词： Gastric cancer Interleukin-6 Blood platelet Phagocytic activity sP-selectin

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