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Immunotoxic potential of aeration lagoon effluents for the treatment of domestic and hospital wastewaters in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第5期24卷 781-789页

作者： Francois Gagné Chantale André Marlène Fortier Michel Fournier Fluvial Ecosystem Research Environment Canada Montréal Quebec H2Y 2E7 Canada INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier Laval Québec Canada

Municipal wastewaters are major sources of pollution for the aquatic biota. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of some pharmaceutical products and the immunotoxic potential of a municipal wastewater aeration lagoon for the treatment of the domestic wastewaters of a small town with wastewater inputs from a 400-bed hospital complex. Endemic mussels were collected, caged and placed in the final aeration lagoon and at sites 1 km upstream and 1 km downstream of the effluent outfall in the receiving river for a period of 14 days. The results showed that the final aeration lagoon contained high levels of total coliforms, conductivity and low dissolved oxygen （2.9 mg/L） as well as detectable amounts of trimethoprim, carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, and norfloxacin at concentrations exceeding 50 ng/L. The lagoon effluent was indeed toxic to the mussel specimens, as evidenced by the appearance of mortality after 14 days （10% mortality）, decreased mussel weight-to-shell-length ratio and loss of hemocyte viability. The number of adhering hemocytes, phagocytic activity, total nitrite levels and arachidonic cyclooxygenase activity were significantly higher in mussels placed in the final aeration lagoon. A multivariate analysis also revealed that water pH, conductivity, total coliforms and dissolved oxygen were the endpoints most closely linked with phagocytic activity, the amount of adhering hemocytes and loss of hemocyte viability. In conclusion, exposure of mussels to treated aerated lagoon wastewater is deleterious to freshwater mussels where the immune system is compromised.

关键词： mussels municipal wastewaters immunocompetence inflammation cyclooxygenase activity

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Prostate Cancer Disease Characteristics at the Time of Diagnosis and Initial Treatment Offered in a Tertiary Hospital at Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Open Journal of Urology 2014年第1期4卷 7-12页

作者： Fasnéwindé Aristide Kaboré Barnabé Zango Timothé Kambou Aimé sosthène Ouédraogo Aboubacar Bambara Clotaire Yaméogo Brahima Kirakoya Olga Lompo Department of Pathology Yalgado Ouédraogo University Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Division of Clinical Oncology Yalgado Ouédraogo University Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Division of Urology Yalgado Ouédraogo University Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Division of Urology Yalgado Ouédraogo University Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Pathology Yalgado Ouédraogo University Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objectives: to describe the characteristics of newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) and the initial treatments offered to patients in the most important urological center of Burkina Faso. Methods: We analyzed the data of a cohort of 168 consecutive patients with no prior history of PCa between January 2009 and December 2012. Diagnosis of PCa was based on histological analysis of transrectal prostate biopsies. Patient and disease characteristics and the initial treatment offered were taken in account. Results: The mean age at presentation was 68.59 ± 9.41 years (range 30 to 95 years). There was a 3.6-fold increase in the incidence of PCa through the four years of the study. The mean duration of symptoms prior to presentation was 11.6 ± 10.9 months. The majority of cases (86.9%) were presented as locally advanced or metastatic disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was the first therapeutic option for 121 patients (72%) and 73 patients (43.4%) underwent ADT through bilateral orchiectomy. Only 3 patients (1.78%) underwent radical prostatectomy. Conclusion: An increase in the diagnosis of PCa in our country was observed in this study. The diagnosis of prostate cancer was usually tardive in Burkina Faso. Treatment often involves surgical ADT for socioeconomic reasons.

关键词： Prostrate Cancer PSA Presenting Symptoms Treatment Androgen Deprivation Therapy Burkina Faso

Combining two-photon lithography with laser ablation of sacrificial layers:A route to isolated 3D magnetic nanostructures

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 1441-1447页

作者： Arjen van den Berg Mylène Caruel Matthew Hunt Sam Ladak School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff UniversityCardiffCF243AAUK Institut National des Sciences Appliquées(INSA)of Toulouse 35 Avenue de Rangueil31400 ToulouseFrance

Three-dimensional(3D)nanostructured functional materials are important systems allowing new means for intricate control of electromagnetic properties.A key problem is realising a 3D printing methodology on the nanoscale that can yield a range of functional *** this article,it is shown that two-photon lithography,when combined with laser ablation of sacrificial layers,can be used to realise such a vision and produce 3D functional nanomaterials of complex ***-of-principle is first shown by fabricating planar magnetic nanowires raised above the substrate that exhibit controlled domain wall injection and ***,3D artificial spin-ice(3DASI)structures are fabricated,whose complex switching can be probed using optical *** show that by careful analysis of the magneto-optical Kerr effect signal and by comparison with micromagnetic simulations,depth dependent switching information can be obtained from the 3DASI *** work paves the way for new materials,which exploit additional physics provided by non-trivial 3D geometries.

关键词： three-dimensional(3D)nanomagnetism 3D lithography 3D artificial spin ice sacrificial layers magneto-optical Kerr effect

PD-L1 in the palm of your hand:palmitoylation as a target for immuno-oncology

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2019年第1期4卷 528-529页

作者： Andreas von Knethen Bernhard Brüne Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry Faculty of MedicineGoethe-University FrankfurtTheodor-Stern-Kai 760590 Frankfurt am MainGermany

A recent study by Yao et *** in Nature Biomedical Engineering showed the importance of palmitoylation in regulat-ing PD-L1 protein stability and trafficking.1 These researchers developed a competitive inhibitor that blocks PD-L1 palmitoyla-tion,which may provide a new strategy for targeting PD-L1 or other palmitoylated membrane proteins(Fig.1).

关键词： al. competitive traffic

Stabilizing periodic orbits of Chua’s system using adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2019年第1期12卷 102-126页

作者： Hanène Medhaffar Moez Feki Nabil Derbel CEMLab ENISUniversity of SfaxSfaxTunisia ESSTHS University of SousseSousseTunisia

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stabilization of unstable periodic orbits of Chua’s system using adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controllers with moving ***/methodology/approach–For this aim,the sliding mode controller and fuzzy systems are combined to achieve the ***,the authors propose a moving sliding surface to improve robustness against uncertainties during the reaching phase,parameter variations and extraneous ***–Afterward,the authors design a sliding observer to estimate the unmeasurable states which are used in the previously designed ***/value–Numerical results are provided to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.

关键词： Sliding mode control Sliding mode observer Chaos control Fuzzy adaptive systems,Moving sliding surface

Patient Experience at Endoscopy Centers in Three West African Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第4期13卷 161-169页

作者： Alice Nanelin Guingané Euloge Houndonougbo Jamila Abdouramane Soli Léonce Steve Zoungrana Sandrine Soudré Aboubacar Coulibaly sosthène Somda Roger Sombié Appolinaire Sawadogo Alain Bougouma Service d’hépato-Gastroentérologie CHU Bogodogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Service d’hépato-Gastroentérologie Hopital saint jean de Dieu Tanguiéta Bénin Service d’hépato-Gastroentérologie Hopital général de référence de Niamey Niamey Niger Service d’hépato-Gastroentérologie CHU Ouahigouya Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Service d’hépato-Gastroentérologie CHU Tengandogo Tengandogo Burkina Faso Service d’hépato-Gastroentérologie CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Service d’hépato-Gastroentérologie CHU Sourou Sanou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Corona virus infection and the risk of contagiousness to medical personnel or patients during endoscopy necessitated further measures in the endoscopy rooms. The objective of this study was to assess the experience of patients in endoscopy rooms during the COVID-19 epidemic in West Africa. Patients and Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study that took place over a period of 3 months (June to August 2020) in endoscopy centers in Burkina Faso, Benin and Niger. An online questionnaire was sent to patients who had performed upper digestive endoscopies, in 8 digestive endoscopy centers including private, public and religious structures. Depending on the choice of patients, questionnaires were either sent electronically or completed in the endoscopy room with the help of field investigators. The choice of centers was random from the list of centers and descriptive analyses were carried out. Results: A total of 294 patients responded to the online questionnaire. There were 37 lower and 257 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies. The female sex represented 52.1%. The wait times for obtaining an endoscopy appointment were considered satisfactory by 281 patients 95.6%. In the endoscopy departments, 112 patients, or 38.1%, were questioned about the risk factors for contamination of SARS-CoV-2. Among the risk factors found, 6 patients (2.0%) would have traveled abroad in the 2 weeks preceding the examination, 4 patients 1.4% had already been in contact with a subject at risk. The most frequent symptoms were chest pain (80 cases;27.2%), flu-like syndrome (29 cases;9.9%), cough (40 cases;13.6%), fever (46 cases;15.6%). In contrast, ageusia (7 cases;2.4%) and anosmia (5 cases;1.7%) were only found in very few patients. Twenty-two patients (7.5%) felt highly exposed to COVID-19 during the endoscopy examination and 144 patients (48.9%) rated the examination as satisfactory. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal symptoms initially described as rare are being reported with increasing

关键词： Endoscopy COVID-19 Patients Exposure Symptoms

In vitro immunotoxicity of untreated and treated urbanwastewaters using various treatment processes to rainbow trout leucocytes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第7期25卷 1400-1407页

作者： Franois Gagné Marlène Fortier Michel Fournier Shirley-Anne Smyth Emerging Methods Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology Environment Canada105 McGill Street Montral Qubec Canada INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier 531 boul.des Prairies Laval Qubec Canada Effluents and Wastewaters Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology Environment Canada867 Lakeshore Road BurlingtonOntario Canada

Municipal effluents are known to impede the immune system of aquatic organisms. The purpose of this studywas to examine the immunotoxicity of urbanwastewaters before and after 6 treatment processes from 12 cities toward trout leucocytes. Freshly prepared trout leucocyteswere exposed to increasing concentrations of solid phase （C18） extracts ofwastewaters for24 hr at 15°C. Immunocompetencewasdetermined by following changes in leucocyte viability and the proportion of cells able to ingest at least one （immunoactivity） and at least three （immunoefficiency） fluorescent beads. The influentswere treated by sixdifferent treatment strategies consisting of facultative aerated lagoons, activated sludge, biological aerated filter, biological nutrient removal, chemically-assisted physical treatment and trickling filter/solid contact. Water quality parameters of thewastewaters revealed that the plants effectively removed total suspended solids and reduced the chemical oxygendemand. The results revealed that the effluents＇ immunotoxic propertieswere generally more influenced by the properties of the untreatedwastewaters than by the treatment processes. About half of the incoming influentsdecreased leucocyte viabilitywhile4 treatment plantswere able to reduce toxicity. The influents readily increased phagocytosis activity for 8/12 influentswhile itwasdecreased in4/12 influents. This increasewas abolished for4/12 of the effluents using treatments involving biological and oxidative processes. In conclusion, municipal effluents have the potential to alter the immune system in fish and more researchwill be needed to improve the treatments ofwastewaters to better protect the quality of the aquatic environment.

关键词： municipal effluents fish leucocytes viability phagocytosis

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Application of high silica zeolite ZSM-5 in a hybrid treatment process based on sequential adsorption and ozonation for VOCs elimination

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第3期28卷 59-68页

作者： Hicham Zaitan Marie Hélène Manero Héctor Valdés Laboratoire de Chirmie de la Matiere Condensee(LCMC) Faculte des Sciences et TechniquesUniversite Sidi Mohamed Ben AbdellahB.P.2202FesMaroc Universite de Toulouse INPTUPSLaboratoire de Genie Chimique4Allee Emile MonsoF-31030 ToulouseFrance CNRS Laboratoire de Genie ChimiqueF-31030 ToulouseFrance Laboratorio de Tecnologias Limpias(F.Ingenieria) Universidad Catolica de la Santisima ConcepcionAlonso de Ribera 2850ConcepcionChile

In this study,a hydrophobic synthetic zeolite,namely ZSM-5 is chosen as an adsorbent/catalyst for toluene *** results showed that toluene adsorption onto ZSM-5 was favourable,following a Langmuir adsorption isotherm ***-5 zeolite was regenerated using gaseous ozone at low *** toluene was oxidised,releasing mainly CO_2 and H_*** of oxidation by-products such as acetic acid and acetaldehyde were formed and remained adsorbed after the oxidativate regeneration with *** four successive cycles of adsorption/ozonation,the adsorption efficiency was not affected（92%-99%）.These results showed that volatile organic compound（VOC）removal by adsorption onto ZSM-5 zeolite followed by ozone regeneration could be used as a promising hybrid process for the control of VOC emissions in terms of efficiency.

关键词： Adsorption Ozone Toluene VOCs Zeolite

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Insect immune resistance to parasitoids

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Insect Science 2008年第1期15卷 67-87页

作者： Yves Carton Marylène Poirié Anthony J. Nappi Laboratoire Evolution Génomes et Spéciation CNRS 91198 Gif/Yvette France and Université Paris-Sud 11 91405 Orsay CedexFrance Unité Mixte de Recherches 1112 'Réponse des Organismes aux Stress Environnementaux' Université Nice-Sophia AntipolisInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique 400 route des Chappes 06903 Sophia-Antipofis France Department of Biology Loyola University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60525 USA

Insect host-parasitoid interactions involve complex physiological, biochemical and genetic interactions. Against endoparasitoids, immune-competent hosts initiate a blood cell-mediated response that quickly destroys the intruders and envelops them in a multilayered melanotic capsule. During the past decade, considerable progress has been made in identifying some of the critical components of the host response, mainly because of the use of efficient molecular tools. This review examines some of the components of the innate immune response of Drosophila, an insect that has served as an exceptionally good experimental model for studying non-self recognition processes and immune cell signaling mechanisms. Topics considered in this review include hematopoiesis, proliferation and adhesion of hemocytes, melanogenesis and associated cytotoxic molecules, and the genetic aspects of the host-parasitoid interaction.

关键词： cytotoxic molecules hemocyte innate immunity melanogenesis parasitoid,resistance genes