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Review of the impact of heat stress on reproductive performance of sheep

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 859-876页

作者： William H.E.J.van Wettere karen L.kind kathryn L.Gatford Alyce M.Swinbourne Stephan T.Leu Peter T.Hayman Jennifer M.kelly Alice C.Weaver David O.kleemann Simon k.Walker The University of Adelaide School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesDavies Livestock Research CentreRoseworthy CampusMudla Wirra RdRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia The University of Adelaide Robinson Research InstituteAdelaide Medical SchoolNorth TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia The University of Adelaide School of AgricultureFood and WineWaite Research InstituteUrrbraeSouth Australia 5064Australia South Australian Research and Development Institute Primary Industries and Regions SAGovernment of South AustraliaClimate ApplicationsWaite Research PrecinctUrrbraeSouth Australia 5064Australia South Australian Research and Development Institute Primary Industries and Regions SAReproductive BiologyLivestock SciencesTurretfield Research Centre129 Holland RdRosedaleSouth Australia 5350Australia

Heat stress significantly impairs reproduction of sheep,and under current climatic conditions is a significant risk to the efficiency of the meat and wool production,with the impact increasing as global temperatures *** from field studies and studies conducted using environmental chambers demonstrate the effects of hot temperatures(≥32℃)on components of ewe fertility(oestrus,fertilisation,embryo survival and lambing)are most destructive when experienced from 5 d before until 5 d after *** controlled studies also demonstrate that ram fertility,as measured by rates of fertilisation and embryo survival,is reduced when mating occurs during the period 14 to 50 d ***,the contribution of the ram to heat induced reductions in flock fertility is difficult to determine *** primarily on temperature controlled studies,it is clear that sustained exposure to high temperatures(≥32℃)during pregnancy reduces lamb birthweight and will,therefore,decrease lamb survival under field *** is concluded that both ewe and ram reproduction is affected by relatively modest levels of heat stress(≥32℃)and this is a concern given that a significant proportion of the global sheep population experiences heat stress of this magnitude around mating and during *** this,strategies to limit the impacts of the climate on the homeothermy,behaviour,resource use and reproduction of extensively grazed sheep are limited,and there is an urgency to improve knowledge and to develop husbandry practices to limit these impacts.

关键词： Fertility Heat stress Oogenesis Pregnancy Sheep Spermatogenesis

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Investigating the consequences of asymmetric endoplasmic reticulum inheritance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under stress using a combination of single cell measurements and mathematical modelling

作者： k.W.·布莱斯勒 karen W.·Bressler

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2018年第1期3卷 64-75页

作者： Felix R.H.Jonas kate E.Royle Rochelle Aw Guy-Bart V.Stan karen M.Polizzi Department of Bioengineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUnited Kingdom Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology LondonSW72AZUnited Kingdom Department of Life Sciences Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUnited Kingdom

Adaptation allows organisms to maintain a constant internal environment,which is optimised for *** unfolded protein response(UPR)is an example of a feedback loop that maintains endoplasmic reticulum(ER)homeostasis,and is characteristic of how adaptation is often mediated by transcriptional *** more recent discovery of asymmetric division in maintaining ER homeostasis,however,is an example of how alternative non-transcriptional pathways can exist,but are overlooked by gold standard transcriptomic or proteomic population-based *** this study,we have used a combination of fluorescent reporters,flow cytometry and mathematical modelling to explore the relative roles of asymmetric cell division and the UPR in maintaining ER *** low ER stress,asymmetric division leaves daughter cells with an ER deficiency,necessitating activation of the UPR and prolonged cell cycle during which they can recover ER functionality before *** analysis of and simulation results from our mathematical model reinforce the experimental observations that low ER stress primarily impacts the growth rate of the daughter *** results demonstrate the interplay between homeostatic pathways and the importance of exploring sub-population dynamics to understand population adaptation to quantitatively different stresses.

关键词： Adaptation Asymmetric cell division Endoplasmic reticulum stress Unfolded protein response Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Effect of beverages with different protein profiles on postprandial blood glucose response in overweight and obese men

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2012年第1期2卷 40-46页

作者： Dina Fernandez-Raudales Lillian k. Diaz-Rios Jennifer Lotton karen Chapman-Novakofski Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Urbana USA

Positive postprandial blood glucose responses have been related to low glycemic index (GI) and low glycemic load (GL) diets. The objective was to determine the effect of protein profile on glycemic response of low glycinin soymilk (high in β-conglycinin) (LGS) and conventional soymilk (S) in overweight and obese men. Twenty-four subjects, 23 - 45 years old, average BMI of 29 (26 - 38) with triglycerides k (M) as reference. Fasting blood samples were followed by samples at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after the milk consumption. One-day diet record, anthropometrics, and a demographic interview were completed. LGS and S presented a GI of (average ± standard deviation) 41.0 ± 29.9 and 40.4 ± 37.2, respectively. M showed a GI of 29.2 ± 25.3, however, treatment effect was not significant (P = 0.338). Similarly, GL for LGS (4.52 ± 3.29), S (4.44 ± 4.09) and M (2.33 ± 1.01) were not significantly different (P = 0.107). Postprandial glucose concentration curves for LGS, S and M presented the same tendency throughout 120 min (P = 0.331). Fasting blood glucose correlated with GI (r = -0.553;P = 0.032) and GL (r = -0.567;P = 0.028). LGS, S and M are low GI products and postprandial glycemic responses were not different. The high content of the protein β-conglycinin in LGS did not have an effect in postprandial blood glucose response in over-weight and obese men.

关键词： Overweight Men Glycemic Index Low Glycinin Soymilk Glycemic Response Glycemic Load

Observational study of a new modular femoral revision system

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第3期11卷 167-176页

作者： karen Dyreborg Michael Mørk Petersen Sidse Schwartz Balle Anne Grete kjersgaard Søren Solgaard Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Herlev-Gentofte Hospital2900 HellerupDenmark Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Rigshospitalet2100 KøbenhavnDenmark Department of Diagnostic Radiology Herlev-Gentofte Hospital2900 HellerupDenmark

BACkGROUND The uncemented ArcosTM Modular Femoral Revision System(ARCOS)is a new comprehensive,press-fit revision *** modular design offers a wide range of possible combinations to accommodate different variations of anatomy and bone *** ARCOS is made by a proximal body and a distal *** probably the only ones worldwide we predominantly use a combination of body and stem which supports proximal fixation and load,since this mimics the concept of the primary total hip arthroplasty with proximal weight-bearing,leading to bone stock preservation and no stress shielding or thigh *** To evaluate the early results after femoral revision in a consecutive series of patients undergoing surgery over 3 *** We included 116 patients in the *** were operated in the period August 2011 to December 2014 and we got a clinical mean observation time of 4(0.5-6)*** and radiographical follow-up included present function of the hip assessed by Harris Hip Score,Oxford Hip Score,and EQ5D(measure of health outcome).Of the 116 patients,17 died in the interim and were consequently included only in the implant survivorship analysis;46 patients attended the follow-up *** In total 6(5%)hips were re-revised due to infection(n=3),fracture(n=2)or subsidence(n=1).No patient was re-revised due to aseptic *** 1-,2-and 5-year probability of implant survival(95%CI)were 97%(93%-100%),97%(93%-100%)and 96%(92%-99%),*** this cohort 95 patients received a combination of a proximal broach and a distal curved and slotted stem(BS),aiming for proximal fixation and load bearing;21 patients received a different *** comparing these two groups the BS-group had a 5-year implant survival probability(95%CI)of 97%(93%-100%)compared with the group of other combinations with a 5-year implant survival probability(95%CI)of 90%(78%-100%)(P=0.3).Our regression analysis showed that periprosthetic fracture as an indication for the ARCO

关键词： Hip prosthesis Arthroplasty Implantation Replacement arthroplasty Total hip replacements Modular femoral stem

Effects of therapeutic horseback riding on post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans

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Military Medical Research 2018年第1期5卷 19-32页

作者： Rebecca A.Johnson David L.Albright James R.Marzolf Jessica L.Bibbo Hayley D.Yaglom Sandra M.Crowder Gretchen k.Carlisle Amy Willard Cynthia L.Russell karen Grindler Steven Osterlind Marita Wassman Nathan Harms Research Center for Human Animal interaction College of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA. ResearchService Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital ColumbiaMO 65211 USA. School of Social Work University of AlabamaTuscaloosa AL 35487 USA. Occupational Health Services Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital Columbia MO 65211 USA. Center for the Human-Animal Bond College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA. School of Health Professions University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA. TREE House of Greater St. Louis Wentzville MO 63385 USA. School of Nursing and Health Studies University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas City MO 64108 USA. Cedar Creek Therapeutic Riding Center Columbia MO 65201 USA. College of Education School and Counseling Psychology University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211USA. Ride-On St. Louis Kimmswick MO 63053 USA.

Background:Large numbers of post-deployment *** are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and/or traumatic brain injury(TBI),leading to an urgent need for effective interventions to reduce symptoms and increase veterans’*** includes anxiety,flashbacks,and emotional *** symptoms increase health care costs for stress-related illnesses and can make veterans’civilian life ***:We used a randomized wait-list controlled design with repeated measures of *** veterans to address our specific aim to test the efficacy of a 6-week therapeutic horseback riding(THR)program for decreasing PTSD symptoms and increasing coping self-efficacy,emotion regulation,social and emotional *** participants were recruited and 29 enrolled in the randomized *** were randomly assigned to either the horse riding group(n=15)or a wait-list control group(n=14).The wait-list control group experienced a 6-week waiting period,while the horse riding group began *** wait-list control group began riding after 6 weeks of participating in the control *** and health history information was obtained from all the *** symptoms were measured using the standardized PTSD Checklist-Military Version(PCL-M).The PCL-M as well as other instruments including,The Coping Self Efficacy Scale(CSES),The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale(DERS)and The Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults-short version(SELSA)were used to access different aspects of individual well-being and the PTSD ***:Participants had a statistically significant decrease in PTSD scores after 3 weeks of THR(P≤0.01)as well as a statistically and clinically significant decrease after 6 weeks of THR(P≤0.01).Logistic regression showed that participants had a 66.7%likelihood of having lower PTSD scores at 3 weeks and 87.5%likelihood at 6 *** the generalized linear model(GLM),our ANOVA findings for the coping self

关键词： Animal-assisted intervention Coping self-efficacy Emotion regulation Military veterans Post-traumatic stress disorder Social engagement Therapeutic horseback riding Traumatic brain injury

Emerging targets for glioblastoma stem cell therapy

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2016年第1期30卷 19-31页

作者： Ahmad R.Safa Mohammad Reza Saadatzadeh Aaron A.Cohen-Gadol karen E.Pollok khadijeh Bijangi-Vishehsaraei Indiana University Simon Cancer Center IU School of Medicine and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology IU School of Medicine and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine Department of Neurosurgery IU School of Medicine and Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine Herman B.Wells Center for Pediatric Research Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA.

Glioblastoma multiforme（GBM）,designated as World Health Organization（WHO）grade IV astrocytoma,is a lethal and therapy-resistant brain cancer comprised of several tumor cell subpopulations,including GBM stem cells（GSCs）which are believed to contribute to tumor recurrence following initial response to *** evidence demonstrates that GBM tumors are initiated from *** development and use of novel therapies including small molecule inhibitors of specific proteins in signaling pathways that regulate sternness,proliferation and migration of GSCs,immunotherapy,and non-coding microRNAs may provide better means of treating *** and characterization of GSC-specific signaling pathways would be necessary to identify specific therapeutic targets which may lead to the development of more efficient therapies selectively targeting *** signaling pathways including mTOR,AkT,maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase（MELk）,NOTCH1 and Wnt/β-catenin as well as expression of cancer stem cell markers CD133,CD44,Oct4,Sox2,Nanog,and ALDHlA1 maintain GSC ***,the data published in the Cancer Genome Atlas（TCGA）specifically demonstrated the activated PI3k/AkT/mTOR pathway in GBM *** such pathways may help to understand GSC biology and lead to the development of potential therapeutic interventions to render them more sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation ***,recent demonstration of dedifferentiation of GBM cell lines into CSC-like cells prove that any successful therapeutic agent or combination of drugs for GBM therapy must eliminate not only GSCs,but the differentiated GBM cells and the entire bulk of tumor cells.

关键词： glioblastoma multiforme stem cells dedifferentiation CD133 CD44 ALDHlAl SOX2

Evaluation of 20 Macro and Trace Mineral Concentrations in Commercial Goat Milk Yogurt and Its Cow Milk Counterpart

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第10期5卷 889-895页

作者： karen Hernandez Young W. Park Department of Animal Production National University of Agriculture Catacamas Honduras Georgia Small Ruminant Research & Extension Center Fort Valley State University Fort Valley USA

Concentrations of 20 different minerals in commercial goat milk yogurt (CGY) and its cow milk yogurt (CCY) counterpart were evaluated in reference to goat milk yogurt manufactured from Fort Valley State University (FVGY), Fort Valley, GA, USA. Three different lots of CGY and CCY each were purchased from local retail stores at Warner Robins, GA, and 3 batches of FVGY were made using goat milk from the University milking herd. All 3 types of experimental yogurts were stored at 4°C refrigerator for 4 weeks. Twenty major and trace minerals were analyzed by an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emissions Spectrometer (Thermo Jarrel Ash Enviro 36, Worchester, MA), using argon as the carrier gas and the EPA method 6010. Total solids (TS) content (%) of FVGY, CGY and CCY products were 11.03, 13.1 and 11.3, respectively, indicating CGY had higher TS than the CCY and FVGY yogurt. Respective mean mineral concentrations (ppm, wet basis) of FVGY, CGY and CCY were: Ca 1057, 1162, 1160;P 838, 974, 929;k 1327, 1717, 1208;Mg 102, 133, 113;Na 545, 449, 475;Fe 4.28, 3.33, 2.11;Mn 0.24, 0.19, 0.13;Cu 10.5, 9.85, 7.22;Zn 17.5, 11.7, 11.8. Levels of all macro minerals except potassium were higher in commercial goat and cow yogurts than FVGY, which may be due to the higher TS contents. FVGY had higher Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn than both commercial products. The heavy metal (Pb, Cd and Ni) contents (ppm) appeared to be normal range, while Al contents of FVGY, CGY and CCY were 11.9, 8.66 and 7.65, respectively, which were higher than those of Pb, Cd and Ni. Both commercial products contained higher major mineral contents than the university yogurt, which might be attributable to the differences in diet, breed, and stage of lactation of milking animals, as well as the tapioca additive used in the commercial products.

关键词： Macro Trace Minerals Yogurt Goat Milk

Nutrient stimulation of mesenteric blood flow-implications for older critically ill patients

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2017年第1期6卷 28-36页

作者： Thu AN Nguyen Yasmine Ali Abdelhamid Liza k Phillips Leeanne S Chapple Michael Horowitz karen L Jones Adam M Deane Discipline of Acute Care Medicine University of Adelaide National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health Endocrine and Metabolic Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital Discipline of Medicine University of Adelaide Intensive Care Unit Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne

Nutrient ingestion induces a substantial increase in mesenteric blood flow. In older persons(aged ≥ 65 years), particularly those with chronic medical conditions, the cardiovascular compensatory response may be inadequate to maintain systemic blood pressure during mesenteric blood pooling, leading to postprandial hypotension. In older ambulatory persons, postprandial hypotension is an important pathophysiological condition associated with an increased propensity for syncope, falls, coronary vascular events, stroke and death. In older critically ill patients, the administration of enteral nutrition acutely increases mesenteric blood flow, but whether this pathophysiological response is protective, or precipitates mesenteric ischaemia, is unknown. There are an increasing number of older patients surviving admission to intensive care units, who are likely to be at increased risk of postprandial hypotension, both during, and after, their stay in hospital. In this review, we describe the prevalence, impact and mechanisms of postprandial hypotension in older people and provide an overview of the impact of postprandial hypotension on feeding prescriptions in older critically ill patients. Finally, we provide evidence that postprandial hypotension is likely to be an unrecognised problem in older survivors of critical illness and discuss potential options for management.

关键词： Postprandial hypotension Enteral nutrition Critical care Aged Mesenteric ischaemia