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High levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus colonization on Medicago truncatula reduces plant suitability as a host for pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum)

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Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 99-112页

作者： Elisa Garzo Eric Rizzo Alberto Fereres S.karen Gomez nstituto de Ciencias Agrarias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(ICA-CSIC) MadridSpain School of Biological Sciences University of Northern ColoradoGreeleyColoradoUSA

This study sheds light on a poorly understood area in insect-plant-microbe interactions,focusing on aphid probing and feeding behavior on plants with varying levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungus root *** investigates a commonly occurring interaction of three species:pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum,barrel medic Medicago truncatula,and the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis,examining whether aphid-feeding behavior changes when insects feed on plants at different levels of AM fungus colonization(42% and 84% root length colonized).Aphid probing and feeding behavior was monitored throughout 8 h of recording using the electrical penetration graph(EPG)technique,also,foliar nutrient content and plant growth were ***,aphids took longer to reach their 1st sustained phloem ingestion on the 84% AM plants than on the 42% AM plants or on *** aphids showed phloem ingestion on the 84% AM plants relative to the 42% AM *** of the 84% AM plants had higher percent carbon(43.7%)relative to controls(40.5%),and the 84% AM plants had reduced percent nitrogen(5.3%)relative to the 42% AM plants(6%).In conclusion,EPG and foliar nutrient data support the hypothesis that modifications in plant anatomy(e.g.,thicker leaves),and poor food quality(reduced nitrogen)in the 84% AM plants contribute to reduced aphid success in locating phloem and ultimately to differences in phloem sap *** work suggests that *** plants benefit from AM symbiosis not only because of increased nutrient uptake but also because of reduced susceptibility to aphids.

关键词： Aphididae arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus electrical penetration graph(EPG) Fabaceae Glomeraceae insect-plant-microbe interactions symbiosis

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Identification of a novel population of human cord blood cells with hema-topoietic and chondrocytic potential

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Cell Research 2004年第4期14卷 268-282页

作者： karen E JAY,Anne ROULEAU,T Michael UNDERHILL,Mickie BHATIA Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine The John P. Robarts Research Institute 100 Perth Drive London Ontario N6A 5k8 Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine The John P. Robarts Research Institute 100 Perth Drive London Ontario N6A 5k8 Canada Department of Physiology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine The John P. Robarts Research Institute 100 Perth Drive London Ontario N6A 5k8 Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada. Department of Physiology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada

With the exception of mature erythrocytes, cells within the human hematopoietic system are characterized by the cell surface expression of the pan-leukocyte receptor CD45. Here, we identify a novel subset among mononuclear cord blood cells depleted of lineage commitment markers (Lin) that are devoid of CD45 expression. Surprisingly, functional examination of Lin"CD45" cells also lacking cell surface CD34 revealed they were capable of multipotential hematopoietic progenitor capacity. Co-culture with mouse embryonic limb bud cells demonstrated that Lin-CD45-CD34- cells were capable of contributing to cartilage nodules and differentiating into human chondrocytes. BMP-4, a mesodermal factor known to promote chondrogenesis, significantly augmented Lin-CD45-CD34- differentiation into chondrocytes. Moreover, unlike CD34+ human hematopoietic stem cells, Lin-CD45-CD34- cells were unable to proliferate or survive in liquid cultures, whereas single Lin-CD45-CD34- cells were able to chimerize the inner cell mass (IC

关键词： hematopoietic chondrocyte CD45 embryonic.

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7th International Seminar on Climate System and Climate Change(ISCS) through the Eyes of a Trainee

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2010年第2期1卷 107-108页

作者： karen k.Y.Shum Hong kong Observatory

At the invitation of *** Qin,the president of ISCS and the Co-Chair of IPCC WGI,the Hong kong Observatory has been obliged to participate and benefit from the International Seminar in Beijing, China on 19-30 July *** topics included atmospheric chemistry and climate effects of aerosol,biogeochemical cycles,cryosphere and its role in the climate system and climate change,climate models and its application in climate

关键词：国际研讨会卫星通信系统气候变化气候系统生物地球化学循环香港天文台大气化学工作组

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CPC, a Single-Repeat R3 MYB, Is a Negative Regulator of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 790-802页

作者： Hui-Fen Zhu karen Fitzsimmons Abha khandelwal Robert G. kranz Department of Biology Washington University St Louis MO 63130 USA

Single-repeat R3 MYB transcription factors like CPC （CAPRICE） are known to play roles in developmental processes such as root hair differentiation and trichome initiation. However, none of the six Arabidopsis single-repeat R3 MYB members has been reported to regulate flavonoid biosynthesis. We show here that CPC is a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. In the process of using CPC to test GAL4-dependent driver lines, we observed a repression of anthocyanin synthesis upon GAL4-mediated CPC overexpression. We demonstrated that this is not due to an increase in nutrient uptake because of more root hairs. Rather, CPC expression level tightly controls anthocyanin accumulation. Microarray analysis on the whole genome showed that, of 37 000 features tested, 85 genes are repressed greater than three-fold by CPC overexpression. Of these 85, seven are late anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Also, anthocyanin synthesis genes were shown to be down-regulated in 35S：：CPC overexpression plants. Transient expression results suggest that CPC competes with the R2R3-MYB transcription factor PAP1/2, which is an activator of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. This report adds anthocyanin biosynthesis to the set of programs that are under CPC control, indicating that this regulator is not only for developmental programs （e.g. root hairs, trichomes）, but can influence anthocyanin pigment synthesis.

关键词： CPC (CAPRICE) anthocyanin biosynthesis negative regulator Arabidopsis.

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Development of innovative tools for investigation of nutrient-gut interaction

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第25期26卷 3562-3576页

作者： Wei-kun Huang Cong Xie Richard L Young Jiang-Bo Zhao Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem karen L Jones Christopher k Rayner Tong-Zhi Wu Adelaide Medical School Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Healththe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing School of Physical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia The ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics AdelaideSA 5005Australia Diabetes Nutrition and Gut HealthLifelong HealthSouth Australia Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideSA 5005Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSA 5000Australia Department of Endocrinology Zhongda HospitalInstitute of DiabetesSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210009Jiangsu ProvinceChina

The gastrointestinal tract is the key interface between the ingesta and the human *** is wide recognition that the gastrointestinal response to nutrients or bioactive compounds,particularly the secretion of numerous hormones,is critical to the regulation of appetite,body weight and blood *** concept has led to an increasing focus on“gut-based”strategies for the management of metabolic disorders,including type 2 diabetes and *** the underlying mechanisms and downstream effects of nutrient-gut interactions is fundamental to effective translation of this knowledge to clinical *** this end,an array of research tools and platforms have been developed to better understand the mechanisms of gut hormone secretion from enteroendocrine *** review discusses the evolution of in vitro and in vivo models and the integration of innovative techniques that will ultimately enable the development of novel therapies for metabolic diseases.

关键词： Nutrient-gut interaction Metabolic disorders Incretin hormones Enteroendocrine cells Enteroids Intestinal intubation Intestine-on-a-chip

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Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of peanut cultivars and breeding lines from China,India and the US using simple sequence repeat markers

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第5期58卷 452-465页

作者： Hui Wang Pawan khera Bingyan.Huang Mei Yuan Ramesh katam Weijian Zhuang karen Harris-Shultz kim M.Moore Albert k.Culbreath Xinyou Zhang Rajeev k.Varshney Lianhui Xie Baozhu Guo Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University College of Plant ProtectionFuzhou 350002China Department of Plant Pathology University of GeorgiaTiftonGA 31794USA USDA-ARS Crop Protection and Management Research UnitTiftonGA 31794USA Shandong Peanut Research Institute qingdao 266100China International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT) Patancheru 502324India Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cash Crops Research InstituteZhengzhou 450002China Department of Biological Sciences Florida A&M UniversityTallahasseeFL 32307USA Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University College of Crop ScienceFuzhou 350002China USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research UnitTiftonGA 31794USA AgResearch Consultants Shingler Little River RoadSumnerGA 31789USA

Cultivated peanut is grown worldwide as rich- source of oil and protein. A broad genetic base is needed for cultivar improvement. The objectives of this study were to develop highly informative simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers and to assess the genetic diversity and popuJation structure of peanut cultivars and breeding lines from different breeding programs in China, India and the US. A total of 111 SSR markers were selected for this study, resulting in a total of 472 alleles. The mean values of gene diversity and polymorphic information content （PIC） were 0.480 and o.429, respectively. Country-wise analysis revealed that alleles per locus in three countries were similar. The mean gene diversity in the US, China and India was 0.363, o.489 and 0.47 with an average PIC of 0.323, 0.43 and o.412, respectively. Genetic analysis using the STRUCTURE divided these peanut lines into two populations （P1, P2）, which was consistent with the dendro- gram based on genetic distance （G1, G2） and the clustering of principal component analysis. The groupings were related to peanut market types and the geographic origin with a few admixtures. The results could be used by breeding programs to assess the genetic diversity of breeding materials to broaden the genetic base and for molecular genetics studies.

关键词： Arachis hypogaea breeding genetic diversity populationstructure simple sequence repeat

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A phaseⅡprospective trial of photobiomodulation therapy in limiting oral mucositis in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer patients

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第4期8卷 345-354页

作者： Janielle k.-A.Taylor Leila J.Mady khalil Baddour Uzoma k.Iheagwara Shuyan Zhai James P.Ohr Daniel P.Zandber Vikram C.Gorantla Robert L.Ferris Seungwon kim Umamaheswar Duvvuri Mark W.kubik Shaum Sridharan Jonas T.Johnson karen D.Holeva Annette E.Quinn David A.Clump School of Medicine University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery UPMCPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA UPMC Department of Radiation Oncology UPMCPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Biostatistics UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/OncologyUPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Immunology UPMCPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA

Objective:This study aimed to compare the historical incidence rate of severe oral mucositis(OM)in head and neck cancer patients undergoing definitive concurrent chemoradiation therapy(CRT)versus a prospective cohort of patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)treated with prophylactic photobiomodulation therapy(PBMT).Methods:This US-based,institutional,single-arm,phaseⅡprospective clinical trial was initiated in 50 patients(age≥18 years,karnofsky Performance Scale Index>60,with locally advanced HNSCC(excluding oral cavity)receiving definitive or adjuvant radiation therapy(RT)with concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy(CT).PBMT was delivered three times per week throughout RT utilizing both an intraoral as well extraoral delivery *** outcome measure was incidence of severe OM utilizing both the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria,version 4.0(NCI-CTCAE)Grade≥3 and the World Health Organization Mucositis Grading Scale(WHO)Grade≥3 versus historical controls;secondary outcome measures included time to onset of severe OM following therapy ***:At baseline,all patients included in final analysis(N=47)had OM Grade *** RT and CT dose was(66.3±5.1)Gy and(486.1±106.8)mg/m ^(2),*** OM was observed in 11 of 47 patients(23%,confidence interval:12,38).OM toxicity grade trended upward during treatment,reaching a maximum at 7 weeks(WHO:1.8 ***-CTCAE:1.7).Subsequently,OM grade returned to baseline 3 months following completion of *** mean time to onset of severe OM was(35±12)*** mean time to resolution of severe OM was(37±37)***:Compared to historical outcomes,PBMT aides in decreasing severe OM in patients with locally advanced *** represents a minimally invasive,prophylactic intervention to decrease OM as a major treatment-related side effect.

关键词： chemoradiotherapy oral mucositis photobiomodulation therapy squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck

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Upper gastrointestinal function and glycemic control in diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第35期12卷 5611-5621页

作者： Reawika Chaikomin Christopher k Rayner karen L Jones Michael Horowitz University of Adelaide Department of Medi-cine Royal Adelaide Hospital North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia

Recent evidence has highlighted the impact of glycemic control on the incidence and progression of diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications, and on cardiovascular risk in the non-diabetic population. Postprandial blood glucose concentrations make a major contribution to overall glycemic control, and are determined in part by upper gastrointestinal function. Conversely, poor glycemic control has an acute, reversible effect on gastrointestinal motility. Insights into the mechanisms by which the gut contributes to glycemia have given rise to a number of novel dietary and pharmacological strategies designed to lower postprandial blood glucose concentrations.

关键词：胃肠道功能糖尿病治疗病理

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Computed tomography of Crohn's disease:The role of three dimensional technique

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World Journal of Radiology 2013年第5期5卷 193-201页

作者： Siva P Raman karen M Horton Elliot k Fishman Department of Radiology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineJohns Hoplins Outpatient CenterBaltimoreMD 21287United States

Crohn's disease,a transmural inflammatory bowel disease,remains a difficult entity to diagnose *** the last decade,multidetector computed tomography(CT) has become the method of choice for noninvasive evaluation of the small bowel,and has proved to be of significant value in the diagnosis of Crohn's *** in CT enterography protocol design,three dimensional(3-D) post-processing software,and CT scanner technology have allowed increasing accuracy in diagnosis,and the acquisition of studies at a much lower radiation *** cases in this review will illustrate that the use of 3-D technique,proper enterography protocol design,and a detailed understanding of the different manifestations of Crohn's disease are all critical in properly diagnosing the full range of possible complications in Crohn's *** particular,CT enterography has proven to be effective in identifying involvement of the small and large bowel(including active inflammation,stigmata of chronic inflammation,and Crohn's-related bowel neoplasia) by Crohn's disease,as well as the extra-enteric manifestations of the disease,including fistulae,sinus tracts,abscesses,and urologic/hepatobiliary/osseous ***,the proper use of 3-D technique(including volume rendering and maximum intensity projection) as a routine component of enterography interpretation can play a vital role in improving diagnostic accuracy.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Computed tomography angiography Multidetector computed tomography Three dimensional technique Volume rendering Maximum intensity projection Fistula Dose reduction

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The impact of kleptoparasitic invasions on the evolution of gall-size in social and solitary Australian Acacia thrips

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Insect Science 2006年第5期13卷 391-400页

作者： THOMAS WILLIAM CHAPMAN karen LEAH FRANCIS-GEYER MICHAEL PHILIP SCHWARZ School of Biological Sciences Flinders University Adelaide South Australia Australia

Many species of gall-inducing Acacia thrips are attacked by kleptoparasitic thrips who enter the gall, destroy the occupants, and then use the gall for producing their own offspring. The hypothesis tested here is that pressure exerted by ldeptoparasites （genus koptothrips） not only provoked the evolution of soldiers in the gall-inducing clade, but have also influenced the evolution of gall size and morphology. Various size dimensions of invaded galls were compared to those of uninvaded galls using data from six gall-inducing species and their kleptoparasites. For the non-social gall-inducing species （k. ellobus and k. nicholsoni） invaded galls showed no significant size differences from galls that had not been invaded. For the four social gall-inducingspecies （k. habrus, k. intermedius, k. waterhousei and k. morrisi） invaded galls were significantly narrower and/or shorter than uninvaded galls. Galls of social species that had not been invaded and contained adult soldiers were significantly larger than galls where soldiers were still at a larval stage, suggesting that gall size is related to gall age in these species. An hypothesis is proposed that links the timing of invasion by kleptoparasites to size of the host gall： induction of a smaller gall by host founders will reduce the period of vulnerability to invasion （before soldiers become adults） for social thrips by allowing foundresses in these smaller galls to begin laying soldierdestined eggs relatively sooner.

关键词： evolution of gall-size kladothrips koptothrips principal components analysis soldiers social behavior

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