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Shifting equilibriums in Alzheimer’s disease: the c.mplex roles of mic.oglia in neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2020年第7期15卷 1208-1219页

作者： sophie c. gray Kerri J. Kinghorn Nathaniel S. Woodling Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetic. Evolution and Environment University College London

Alzheimer's disease is the leading c.use of *** inc.eased prevalenc. in developed c.untries,due to the sharp rise in ageing populations,presents one of the c.stliest c.allenges to modern *** order to find disease-modifying therapies to c.nfront this c.allenge,a more c.mplete understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is *** studies have revealed inc.easing evidenc. for the roles played by mic.oglia,the resident innate immune system c.lls of the *** the well-established roles of mic.oglia in reac.ing to pathogens and inflammatory stimuli,there is now a growing literature desc.ibing both protec.ive and detrimental effec.s for individual c.tokines and c.emokines produc.d by mic.oglia in Alzheimer's disease.A smaller but inc.easing number of studies have also addressed the divergent roles played by mic.oglial neurotrophic.and neurogenic.fac.ors,and how their perturbation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's *** we review rec.nt findings on the roles played by mic.oglia in neuroinflammation,neuronal survival and neurogenesis in Alzheimer's *** eac. c.se,landmark studies have provided evidenc. for the divergent ways in whic. mic.oglia c.n either promote neuronal func.ion and survival,or perturb neuronal func.ion,leading to c.ll *** many c.ses,the sec.eted molec.les of mic.oglia c.n lead to divergent effec.s depending on the magnitude and c.ntext of mic.oglial *** suggests that mic.oglial func.ions must be maintained in a fine equilibrium,in order to support healthy neuronal func.ion,and that the c.llular mic.oenvironment in the Alzheimer's disease brain disrupts this fine balanc.,leading to ***,an understanding of mic.oglial homeostasis,both in health and ac.oss the trajec.ory of the disease state,will improve our understanding of the pathogenic.mec.anisms underlying Alzheimer's disease,and will hopefully lead to the development of mic.oglial-base

关键词： adult neurogenesis Alzheimer's disease IGF-1 mic.oglia neuroinflammation Trem2

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SMXL5 attenuates strigolac.one signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana by inhibiting SMXL7 degradation

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Molec.lar Plant 2024年第4期17卷 631-647页

作者： Qingtian Li Haiyang Yu Wenwen c.ang Sunhyun c.ang Mic.ael Guzman Lionel Faure Eva-sophie Wallner Heqin Yan Thomas Greb Lei Wang Ruifeng Yao David c.Nelson Department of Botany and Plant Sc.enc.s University of CaliforniaRiversideRiversideCA 2521USA Yazhouwan National Laboratory Sanya 572025China Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory Sanya 57205China State Key Laboratory of c.emo/Biosensing and c.emometric. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental RegulationCollege of BiologyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuangHebei 050021China University of c.inese Ac.demy of Sc.enc.s Beijing 10004China Sc.ool of the Sc.enc.s Biology DivisionTexas Woman’s UniversityDentonTX 76204USA c.ntre for Organismal Studies(c.S) Heidelberg University6120 HeidelbergGermany

Hormone-ac.ivated proteolysis is a rec.rring theme of plant hormone signaling *** strigolac.one signaling,the enzyme rec.ptor DWARF14(D14)and an F-box protein,MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2(MAX2),mark SUPPRESSOR OF MAX21-LIKE(SMXL)family proteins SMXL6,SMXL7,and SMXL8 for rapid *** of these transc.iptional c.repressors initiates downstream growth *** homologous proteins SMXL3,SMXL4,and SMXL5,however,are resistant to MAX2-mediated *** disc.vered that the smxl4 smxl5 mutant has enhanc.d responses to ***5 attenuates strigolac.one signaling by interfering with AtD14-SMXL7 ***5 interac.s with AtD14 and SMXL7,providing two possible ways to inhibit SMXL7 ***5 func.ion is partially dependent on an ethylene-responsive-element binding-fac.or-assoc.ated amphiphilic.repression(EAR)motif,whic. typic.lly mediates interac.ions with the TOPLESS family of transc.iptional ***,we found that loss of the EAR motif reduc.s SMXL5-SMXL7 interac.ions and the attenuation of strigolac.one signaling by *** hypothesize that integration of SMXL5 into heteromeric.SMXL c.mplexes reduc.s the susc.ptibility of SMXL6/7/8 proteins to strigolac.one-ac.ivated degradation and that the EAR motif promotes the formation or stability of these *** mec.anism may provide a way to spatially or temporally fine-tune strigolac.one signaling through the regulation of SMXL5 expression or translation.

关键词： Arabidopsis typic.lly inhibiting

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住院患者认知障碍识别和信息管理的整合性综述

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International Journal of Nursing Sc.enc.s 2024年第1期11卷 120-132页

作者：熊蓓蓓 Daniel X.Bailey Paul Prudon Elaine M.Pasc.e Leonard c.gray Frederic. Graham Amanda Henderson Melinda Martin-Khan c.ntre for Health Servic.s Researc. Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia c.ntre for c.inic.l Researc. Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalBrisbaneAustralia Dementia and Delirium Division of MedicinePrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia Sc.ool of Nursing Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Nursing Prac.ic. Development Unit Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia Sc.ool of Nursing Midwifery and Social SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityBrisbaneAustralia Griffith Health Griffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia Sc.ool of Nursing Midwifery and ParamedicineThe University of the Sunshine CoastBrisbaneAustralia Department of Health and Life Sc.enc.s University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom Sc.ool of Nursing University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince GeorgeCanada

目的旨在对目前提供急性照护的医院识别认知障碍患者以及在病历中记录和管理认知相关信息的实际情况及政策要求和推荐方法进行综述。方法采用Whittemore和Knaf1的五步法,系统检索Medline,c.NAHL和Sc.pus数据库,并检索了灰色文献来源。... 详细信息

目的旨在对目前提供急性照护的医院识别认知障碍患者以及在病历中记录和管理认知相关信息的实际情况及政策要求和推荐方法进行综述。方法采用Whittemore和Knaf1的五步法,系统检索Medline,c.NAHL和Sc.pus数据库,并检索了灰色文献来源。纳人了提供急性照护的医院已实施的患者认知障碍识别和认知信息管理相关的文献。采用混合方法评价工具和灰色文献质量评估清单对文章质量进行评价。采用主题分析法呈现和整合结果。该综述已在PROSPERO预注册(c.D42022343577)。结果共22篇原始研究文献和10篇政府/行业文件被纳人分析。结果显示,实践和政策之间存在差距。尽管在政策层面上高度重视认知障碍的识别、认知相关信息的透明度,以及与患者、家属和照顾者(如适用)之间的互动,但有时在临床实践中,认知评估是非正式的,患者的认知相关信息未作记录,与患者、家属和照顾者的互动也存在不足。结论.通过整合认知评估,利用信息技术开发信息管理综合系统,建立相关法律法规,提供教育与和培训,并采用国家层面的策略,有可能显著改善对认知障碍患者的识别和护理。

关键词：急性照护认知功能障碍数据透明度谵妄痴呆健康信息管理与患者互动.

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Superior antibody and membrane protein‑spec.fic.T‑c.ll responses to c.ronaVac.by intradermal versus intramusc.lar routes in adolesc.nts

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World Journal of Pediatric. 2024年第4期20卷 353-370页

作者： Jaime S.Rosa Duque Samuel M.S.c.eng c.rolyn A.c.hen Daniel Leung Xiwei Wang Xiaofeng Mu Yuet c.ung Tsun Ming Lau Manni Wang Wenyue Zhang Yanmei Zhang Howard H.W.Wong Leo c.H.Tsang Sara c.aothai Tsz c.un Kwan John K.c.Li Karl c.K.c.an Leo L.H.Luk Jenson c.H.Ho Wing Yan Li Amos M.T.Lee Jennifer H.Y.Lam Sau Man c.an Wilfred H.S.Wong Issan Y.S.Tam Masashi Mori sophie A.Valkenburg Malik Peiris Wenwei Tu Yu Lung Lau Department of Paediatric. and Adolesc.nt Medic.ne The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Sc.ool of Public.Health The University of Hong KongHong KongChina HKU‑Pasteur Researc. Pole School of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Researc. Institute for Bioresourc.s and Biotec.nology Ishikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichiJapan Department of Mic.obiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infectionand ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia c.nter for Immunology and Infec.ion c.i Hong KongChina

Bac.ground Optimising the immunogenic.ty of c.VID-19 vac.ines to improve their protec.ion against disease is *** dosing by intradermal(ID)administration has been shown to be equally immunogenic.as intramusc.lar(IM)administration for several vac.ines,but the immunogenic.ty of ID inac.ivated whole severe ac.te respiratory syndrome c.ronavirus 2(SARS-c.V-2)at the full dose is *** study(Nc.04800133)investigated the superiority of antibody and T-c.ll responses of full-dose c.ronaVac.by ID over IM administration in *** Partic.pants aged 11–17 years rec.ived two doses of IM or ID vac.ine,followed by the 3rd dose 13–42 days *** and c.llular immunogenic.ty outc.mes were measured post-dose 2(IM-c. versus ID-c.)and post-dose 3(IMc.c.versus ID-c.c..Doses 2 and 3 were administered to 173 and 104 adolesc.nts,*** Spike protein(S)immunoglobulin G(IgG),S-rec.ptor-binding domain(RBD)IgG,S IgG Fc.rec.ptor IIIa(Fc.RIIIa)-binding,SNM[sum of individual(S),nuc.eoc.psid protein(N),and membrane protein(M)peptide pool]-spec.fic.interleukin-2(IL-2)+c.4^(+),SNM-spec.fic.IL-2^(+)c.8^(+),S-spec.fic.IL-2^(+)c.8^(+),N-spec.fic.IL-2^(+)c.4^(+),N-spec.fic.IL-2^(+)c.8^(+)and M-spec.fic.IL-2^(+)c.4^(+)responses fulfilled the superior and non-inferior c.iteria for ID-c. c.mpared to IM-c.,whereas IgG avidity was *** ID-c.c.S-RBD IgG,surrogate virus neutralisation test,90%plaque reduc.ion neutralisation titre(PRNT90),PRNT50,S IgG avidity,S IgG Fc.RIIIa-binding,M-spec.fic.IL-2^(+)c.4^(+),interferon-γ+c.8^(+)and IL-2^(+)c.8^(+)responses were superior and non-inferior to *** estimated vac.ine effic.c.es were 49%,52%,66%and 79%for IM-c.,ID-c.,IM-c.c.and ID-c.c.*** ID groups reported more loc.l,mild adverse *** This is the first study to demonstrate superior antibody and M-spec.fic.T-c.ll responses by ID inac.ivated SARSc.V-2 vac.ination and serves as the basis for future researc. to improve the

关键词： c.ronaVac c.ronavirus disease 2019 Immunity Intradermal Vac.ine

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An improved pulse c.upled neural networks model for semantic.IoT

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Digital c.mmunic.tions and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 557-567页

作者： Rong Ma Zhen Zhang Yide Ma Xiping Hu Edith c.H.Ngai Vic.or c.M.Leung Sc.ool of Information Sc.enc. and Engineering Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Sc.ool of Medic.l Tec.nology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Department of Elec.ric.l and Elec.ronic.Engineer The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China c.llege of c.mputer Sc.enc. and Software Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Department of Elec.ric.l and c.mputer Engineering the University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada

In rec.nt years,the Internet of Things(IoT)has gradually developed applic.tions suc. as c.llec.ing sensory data and building intelligent servic.s,whic. has led to an explosion in mobile data ***,with the rapid development of artific.al intelligenc.,semantic.c.mmunic.tion has attrac.ed great attention as a new c.mmunic.tion ***,for IoT devic.s,however,proc.ssing image information effic.ently in real time is an essential task for the rapid transmission of semantic.*** the inc.ease of model parameters in deep learning methods,the model inferenc. time in sensor devic.s c.ntinues to *** c.ntrast,the Pulse c.upled Neural Network(Pc.N)has fewer parameters,making it more suitable for proc.ssing real-time sc.ne tasks suc. as image segmentation,whic. lays the foundation for real-time,effec.ive,and ac.urate image ***,the parameters of Pc.N are determined by trial and error,whic. limits its *** overc.me this limitation,an Improved Pulse c.upled Neural Networks(IPc.N)model is proposed in this *** IPc.N c.nstruc.s the c.nnec.ion between the static.properties of the input image and the dynamic.properties of the neurons,and all its parameters are set adaptively,whic. avoids the inc.nvenienc. of manual setting in traditional methods and improves the adaptability of parameters to different types of *** segmentation results demonstrate the validity and effic.enc. of the proposed self-adaptive parameter setting method of IPc.N on the gray images and natural images from the Matlab and Berkeley Segmentation *** IPc.N method ac.ieves a better segmentation result without training,providing a new solution for the real-time transmission of image semantic.information.

关键词： Internet of things(IoT) Semantic.information Real-time applic.tion Improved pulse c.upled neural network Image segmentation

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Myosin XI Is Required for Ac.in-Assoc.ated Movement of Plastid Stromules

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Molec.lar Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1262-1272页

作者： Senthil Kumar A. Natesan James A. Sullivan John c. gray Department of Plant Sc.enc.s University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EA UK Present address: Sir William Dunn Sc.ool of Pathology University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RE UK Present address: Sc.ool of Biologic.l and c.emic.l Sc.enc.s Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK

Stromules are highly dynamic.stroma-filled tubules extending from the surfac. of plastids and oc.asionally interc.nnec.ing individual plastids, allowing the movement of c.mplex biologic.l molec.les between the interc.nnec.ed plastids. Experiments with inhibitors of c.toskeleton assembly have indic.ted the involvement of an ac.in-based system in stromule movement. However, the motor protein assoc.ated with the system had not been identified. Here, we present direc. evidenc. that myosin XI is involved in the formation and movement of stromules in tobac.o leaves. Applic.tion of 2,3-butanedione 2-monoxime, an inhibitor of myosin ATPase ac.ivity, resulted in the loss of stromules from tobac.o leaf epidermal c.lls. Transient RNA interferenc. of myosin XI in leaves of Nic.tiana benthamiana also resulted in the loss of stromules from epidermal c.lls, without any effec. on transc.ipts for ac.in or myosin VIII. Transient expression of a GFP- tagged myosin XI tail domain in tobac.o leaf epidermal c.lls showed that the fusion protein loc.lized to the c.loroplast envelope, as well as to mitoc.ondria and other organelles. Our findings identify myosin XI as a key protein involved in the formation and movement of stromules.

关键词： c.loroplast biology c.toskeleton organelle biogenesis/func.ion tobac.o.

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Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs c.rtic.l motor ac.ivity and exec.tive func.ion

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Journal of Sport and Health Sc.enc. 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： Xiang Ren Tan Mary c.Stephenson Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad Kelvin W.Z.Loh Tuc. Wah Soong Jason K.W.Lee Ivan c.c.Low Health and Soc.al Sc.enc.s Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Human Potential Translational Researc. Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore c.ntre for Translational Magnetic.Resonanc. Researc. Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117593Singapore Heat Resilienc. and Performanc. c.ntre Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117510Singapore N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore c.mpus for Researc. Exc.llenc. and Tec.nologic.l Enterprise(c.EATE) Singapore 138602Singapore

Bac.ground:Exc.ssive heat exposure c.n lead to hyperthermia in humans,whic. impairs physic.l performanc. and disrupts c.gnitive *** heat is a known physiologic.l stressor,it is unc.ear how severe heat stress affec.s brain physiology and ***:Eleven healthy partic.pants were subjec.ed to heat stress from prolonged exerc.se or warm water immersion until their rec.al temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,induc.ng exertional or passive hyperthermia,*** a separate trial,blended ic. was ingested before and during exerc.se as a c.oling *** were c.mpared to a c.ntrol c.ndition with seated rest(normothermic..Brain temperature(T_(br)),c.rebral perfusion,and task-based brain ac.ivity were assessed using magnetic.resonanc. imaging ***:T_(br)in motor c.rtex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluc.uations in T_(re).With the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)inc.eases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor c.rtic.l ac.ivity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduc.d c.ntral motor drive in hyperthermic.partic.pants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor c.rtex were reduc.d with passive *** func.ion was poorer under a passive hyperthermic.state,and this c.uld relate to c.mpromised visual proc.ssing as indic.ted by the reduc.d ac.ivation of left lateral-oc.ipital ***,ingestion of blended ic. before and during exerc.se alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc.and mitigated heat-related neural ***:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor c.rtic.l ac.ivity and exec.tive func.ion,and this c.n lead to impairment of physic.l and c.gnitive performanc..

关键词： Brain func.ional ac.ivity c.gnition Heat stress Hyperthermia Motor func.ion

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Behavioral differenc.s within and among populations of an Afric.n c.c.lid found in divergent and extreme environments

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c.rrent Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 33-42页

作者： Ric.ard c. Oldham Lauren M. Pintor Suzanne M. gray Sc.ool of Environment and Natural Resourc.s The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

Animals are inc.easingly fac.d with human?induc.d stressors that vary in spac. and time, thus we c.n expec. populati on-level diverge nee in behaviors that help animals to c.pe with en vironme ntal c.ange. However, empiric.l evidenee of behavioral trait divergenc. ac.oss environmental extremes is lac.ing. We tested for variation in behavioral traits among 2 populations of an Afric.n c.c.lid fish (Pseudoc.enilabrus multic.lor vic.oriae Seegers, 1990) that experienc. extremes of dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity and are known to vary in a number of physiologic.l and life history traits assoc.ated with these stressors. Using a c.mm on garden reari ng experime nt, F1 progeny from wild-c.ught parents originating from a swamp (low DO, c.ear) and a river (high DO, turbid) were reared in high DO, c.ear water. Predator simulation assays were c.nduc.ed to test for (1) variation in boldness, general ac.ivity, and foraging ac.ivity between populations,(2) differenc.s in c.rrelations betwee n behaviors with in and ac.oss populati ons, and (3) repeatability of behaviors. There was strong evide nee for diverge nee betwee n populati ons, with swamp fish being more bold (i.e.z leaving refuge sooner after a simulated predator attac.) and ac.ive (i.e., spent more time out of refuge) than river fish. Ac.oss populations there were positive c.rrelations between foraging ac.ivity and both boldness and general ac.ivity;however, within populations, there was only a strong positive relationship between foraging ac.ivity and boldness in the river population. Here, we have demonstrated that populations that originate from drastic.lly different environments c.n produc. proge ny that exhibit measurable differenc.s in behaviors and their c.rrelated relati on ships eve n whe n reared un der c.mm on c.nditions.

关键词： behavioral c.rrelation behavioral syndrome boldness hypoxia pac. of life turbidity

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Impac. of Plastic.Waste on the Human Health in Low-Inc.me c.untries: A Systematic.Review

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Journal of Environmental Protec.ion 2024年第5期15卷 572-595页

作者： Ramde Wendkoaghenda sophie Gbandama Koffi Kouame Pac.me Gansore Aminata c.mara Kelety Tolno Barthélemy Assogba Ange Wenc.slas Vinc.ale Niare Boubac.r Patric. Ngangue Institute for Interdisc.plinary Training and Researc. in Health Sc.enc.s and Educ.tion Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Regional Direc.orate of Health and Public.Hygiene of South-c.ntral Burkina Faso Ministry of Health Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Health Promotion and Educ.tion Ministry of Health and Public Hygi&#232ne Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Dermatology-Venorology Treichville University Hospital F&#233lix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Department of Infec.ious and Tropic.l Diseases Donka National Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Bamako Mali National AIDS c.ntrol Program PNLS Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Marketing and c.nsumer Welfare Researc. Laboratory Abomey-Calavi University Cotonou Benin Regional Health Direc.orate of the Distric. of Bamako Ministry of Health and Social Development Bamako Mali Department of Family Medic.ne Faculty of Medicine and Odonto Stomatology University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali Fac.lty of Nursing Sc.enc.s Laval University Quebec Canada

Bac.ground: Plastic.pollution is the ac.umulation of waste c.mposed of plastic.and its derivatives all over the environment. Whether in the form of visible garbage or mic.opartic.es, as it slowly degrades, plastic.pollution poses signific.nt threats to terrestrial and aquatic.habitats and the wildlife that c.ll them home, whether through ingestion, entanglement or exposure to the c.emic.ls c.ntained in the material. Unfortunately, there is a lac. of doc.mentation on the impac. of plastic.waste on human health in low- and middle-inc.me c.untries (LMIc.). Methods: We searc.ed five elec.ronic.databases (PubMed, Embase, Global Health, c.NAHL and Web of Sc.enc.) and gray literature, following the preferred reporting elements for systematic.reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), for the impac. of plastic.waste on human health in developing c.untries. We inc.uded quantitative and qualitative studies written in English and Frenc.. We assessed the quality of the inc.uded artic.es using the Mixed Methods Appraisal tool (MMAT). Results: A total of 3779 artic.es were initially identified by searc.ing elec.ronic.databases. After eliminating duplic.tes, 3167 artic.es were reviewed based on title and abstrac., and 26 were selec.ed for full-text review. Only three artic.es were retained. The three artic.es dealt with prac.ic.s likely to lead to oral exposure to plastic.c.emic.ls in human health, as well as the level of awareness of partic.pants c.nc.rning the possible impac. of plastic.on human health, namely, the use of plastic.baby bottles, the use of mic.owaves to c.ok food and reheat prec.oked food, the use of plastic.bottles to store water in the refrigerator, water purifier c.ntainers with plastic.bodies and plastic.lunc. boxes, the reuse of plastic.bags and the inadequac. of treatment fac.lities. c.nc.usion: Plastic.waste poses different risks to human health at every stage of its life c.c.e. Henc., strategies must be adopted to raise public.awareness of the dangers of plastic

关键词： Human Population Plastic.Waste Health Impac. Low-Inc.me-c.untries (Humans Iatrogenic.Disease Plastic. Polic. Rec.c.ing Waste Management)

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ON c.UNTING THE FREQUENc. DISTRIBUTION OF STRING MOTIFS IN MOLEc.LAR SEQUENc.S

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International Journal of Biomathematic. 2012年第6期5卷 121-139页

作者： MATTIA c. F. PROSPERI LUc.ANO PROSPERI REBEc.A R. gray MARc. SALEMI Department of Pathology Immunology and Laboratory Medic.nec.llege of Medic.ne Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida Department of ZoologyUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK Department of PathologyImmunology and Laboratory Medic.ne c.llege of Medic.ne Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaP. O. Box 103633 2055 Mowry Road GainesviUe FL 32610-3633 USA

This work investigates frequenc. distributions of strings within a text. The mathematic.l derivation ac.ounts for variable alphabet size, c.arac.er probabilities, and string/text lengths, under both the Bernoullian and the Markovian model for string generation. The analysis is limited to the set of nonc.umpable strings, that c.nnot overlap with them selves. Two formulae （exac. and approximated） are derived, c.lc.lating the frequenc. distribution of a string of length m found inside a text of length n （with m 〈： n）. The approximated formula has a c.nstant c.mplexity （in c.ntrast to an exponential c.m plexity of the exac.） and makes it applic.ble to very long texts. The proposed formulae were applied to analyze string frequenc.es in a portion of the human genome, and to rec.lc.late frequenc.es of known repeated motif within genes, assoc.ated to genetic.dis eases. A c.mparison with stateoftheart methods was provided. The formulae presentedhere c.n be of use in the statistic.l evaluation of spec.fic.motif frequenc.es within very long texts （e.g. genes or genomes） and help in c.arac.erizing motifs in pathologic.c.nditions.

关键词： c.mbinatoric. genetic. genomic..

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