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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第3期29卷 667-675页

作者： MAHAJAN Govinda CHO Heejin smith Aaron THOMPSON Scott M. Rheem Manufacturing MontgomeryAL 36109USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Mississippi State UniversityMsissippi StateMS 39762USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Auburn UniversityAubumnAL 36849USA

Oscillating heat pipes(OHP)which are constructed from a serpentine-arranged capillary tube possess a desirable aerodynamic form factor and provide for relatively high heat transfer rates via cyclic evaporation and condensation of an encapsulated working fluid with no internal wicking structure *** last two decades,OHP has been extensively investigated for its potential application in thermal management of various *** study presents an experimental investigation on the heat transfer performance of an atypically long finned *** heat transfer performance of the proposed OHP was analyzed and compared with a bare tube OHP with similar overall *** show that a unit row of finned OHP filled with n-pentane with fill ratio of 70%can recover up to(400±40)W of heat from a typical waste exhaust air *** additional pressure drop due to fins was estimated to be(6.8±2)Pa resulting in an increase of 1–2 W of fan power *** average heat recovery rate via finned OHP was found to be almost 80%more than bare tube OHP filled with same working fluid with same fill ratio.

关键词： oscillating heat pipe waste heat recovery ventilation

The nucleoside antiviral prodrug remdesivir in treating COVID-19 and beyond with interspecies significance

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Animal Diseases 2022年第1期2卷 1-15页

作者： Daisy Yan One Hyuk ra Bingfang Yan Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University1025 Walnut StPhiladelphiaPA 19107USA Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital75 Francis StBostonMA 02115USA Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences James L Winkle College of PharmacyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45229USA

Infectious pandemics result in hundreds and millions of deaths,notable examples of the Spanish Flu,the Black Death and *** current pandemic,caused by SARS-CoV-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2),is unprecedented even in the historical term of *** unprecedentedness is featured by multiple surges,rapid identification of therapeutic options and accelerated development of ***,originally developed for Ebola viral disease,is the first treatment of COVID-19(Coronavirus disease 2019)approved by the United States Food and Drug *** demonstrated by in vitro and preclinical studies,this therapeutic agent is highly potent with a broad spectrum activity against viruses from as many as seven families even cross ***,randomized controlled trials have failed to confirm the efficacy and *** improves some clinical signs but not critical parameters such as *** antiviral agent is an ester/phosphorylation prodrug and excessive hydrolysis which increases cellular *** is given intravenously,leading to concentration spikes and likely increasing the potential of hydrolysis-based *** review has proposed a conceptual framework for improving its efficacy and minimizing toxicity not only for the COVID-19 pandemic but also for future ones caused by remdesivir-sensitive viruses.

关键词： Animal model Carboxylesterases COVID-19 Coronavirus Drug-drug interactions interspecies difference Pandemic Remdesivir SARS-CoV-2

Electron-driven heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of ammonia:Current states and perspective

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2018年第1期1卷 2-31页

作者： Ke Wang Daniel smith Ying Zheng Institute for Materials and Processes School of EngineeringUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93FBUK

Ammonia is the second most produced chemical worldwide that makes up 80%of nitrogen-based fertilisers,which have supported approximately 27%of the world’s population over the last *** Haber–Bosch process,which is the main process for producing ammonia,is extremely energy intensive and consumes around 1%of the world’s ***,it requires hydrogen gas as a reactant that is produced via steam reforming which emits carbon dioxide as a *** 500 million tonnes of ammonia are produced per year via industrial processes which required 3–5%of total natural gas consumption worldwide and also accounted for 2%global energy ***,more sustainable processes,such as electrocatalysis and photocatalysis,using electrons and the transfer of protons has been *** review covers the most state-of-the-art technologies used to produce ammonia via electrocatalysis and photocatalysis by comparing different electrolyte systems and electrocatalysts as well as discussing issues with these methods and possible *** addition,substantial improvements to electrocatalysts and photocatalysts as well as methods to prevent both the promotion of the hydrogen evolution reaction and the decomposition of ammonia at higher temperatures are *** and perspectives are discussed.

关键词： ammonia synthesis reforming

Sex-specific life-history strategies among immature jumping spiders:Differences in body parameters and behavior

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Current Zoology 2023年第5期69卷 535-551页

作者： LászlóMezőfi Viktor Markó DóraÁgnes Taranyi Gábor Markó Institute of Plant Protection Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesBudapest 1118Hungary Institute of Viticulture and Enology Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesBudapest 1118Hungary

Selection forces often generate sex-specific differences in various traits closely related to *** in adult spiders(Araneae),sexes often differ in coloration,body size,antipredator,or foraging behavior,such sex-related differences are less pronounced among ***,sex-specific life-history strategies may also be adaptive for ***,we hypothesized that among spiders,immature individuals show different life-history strategies that are expressed as sex-specific differences in body parameters and behavioral features,and also in their *** used immature individuals of a protandrous jumping spider,Carrhotus xanthogramma,and examined sex-related *** results showed that males have higher mass and larger prosoma than *** were more active and more risk tolerant than *** activity increased with time,and larger males tended to capture the prey faster than small ones,while females showed no such ***,females reacted to the threatening abiotic stimuli more with the increasing number of test *** both males and females,individuals with better body conditions tended to be more risk *** showed no sex-specific differences in interindividual behavioral consistency and in intraindividual behavioral variation in the measured behavioral ***,we also found evidence for behavioral syndromes(i.e.,correlation between different behaviors),where in males,only the activity correlated with the risk-taking behavior,but in females,all the measured behavioral traits were *** present study demonstrates that *** sexes follow different life-history strategies even before attaining maturity.

关键词： activity behavioral syndrome boldness intraindividual variability repeatability sexual dimorphism

Role of seed size, phenology, oogenesis and host distribution in the specificity and genetic structure of seed weevils (Curculio spp.) in mixed forests

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 267-279页

作者： Harold ARIAS-LECLAIRE raúl BONAL Daniel GARCÍA-LÓPEZ Josep Maria ESPELTA CREAF Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry ApplicationsCerdanyola del Vallès08193Spain Exact and Natural Sciences School State Distance University of Costa RicaUNEDMercedes de Montes de OcaSan JoséCosta Rica Forest Research Group INDEHESAUniversity of ExtremaduraPlasenciaSpain DITEG Research Group University of Castilla-La ManchaToledoSpain Zoology Department Autonomous University of BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsSpain

Synchrony between seed growth and oogenesis is suggested to largely shape trophic breadth of seed-feeding insects and ultimately to contribute to their co-existence by means of resource partitioning or in the time when infestation *** we investigated:(i)the role of seed phenology and sexual maturation of females in the host specificity of seed-feeding weevils(Curculio spp.)predating in hazel and oak mixed forests;and(ii)the consequences that trophic breadth and host distribution have in the genetic structure of the weevil *** analyses were used to establish unequivocally host specificity and to determine the population genetic *** identified 4 species with different specificity,namely Curculio nucum females matured earlier and infested a unique host(hazelnuts,Corylus avellana)while 3 species(Curculio venosus,Curculio glandium and Curculio elephas)predated upon the acorns of the 2 oaks(Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens).The high specificity of *** coupled with a more discontinuous distribution of hazel trees resulted in a significant genetic structure among *** addition,the presence of an excess of local rare haplotypes indicated that *** populations went through genetic expansion after recent ***,these effects were not observed in the more generalist Curculio glandium predating upon ***,co-existence of weevil species in this multi-host-parasite system is influenced by both resource and time *** what extent the restriction in gene flow among *** populations may have negative consequences for their persistence in a time of increasing disturbances(*** in Mediterranean areas)deserves further research.

关键词： Corylus avellana Curculio spp. genetic structure Quercus spp. trophic breadth

Infections with Helicobacter pylori and challenges encountered in Africa

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第25期25卷 3183-3195页

作者： Stella smith Muinah Fowora Rinaldo Pellicano Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchLagos PMB 2013Nigeria Unit of Gastroenterology Molinette HospitalTurin 10126Italy

Helicobacter pylori(***)is the causative agent of gastritis,peptic ulcer disease,mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer(GC).While this bacterium infects 50%of the world’s population,in Africa its prevalence reach as high as 80%as the infection is acquired during *** factors for *** acquisition have been reported to be mainly due to overcrowding,to have infected siblings or parent and to unsafe water *** this high *** prevalence there still does not exist an African guideline,equivalent to the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report of the European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group for the management of this *** this continent,although there is a paucity of epidemiologic data,a contrast between the high prevalence of *** infection and the low incidence of GC has been *** phenomenon is the so-called“African Enigma”and it has been hypothesized that it could be explained by environmental,dietary and genetic factors.A heterogeneity of data both on diagnosis and on therapy have been *** this context,it is evident that in several African countries the increasing rate of bacterial resistance,mainly to metronidazole and clarithromycin,requires continental guidelines to recommend the appropriate management of *** aim of this manuscript is to review current literature on *** infection in Africa,in terms of prevalence,risk factors,impact on human health,treatment and challenges encountered so as to proffer possible solutions to reduce *** transmission in this continent.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Africa Risk factors African enigma Prevalence Treatment Diagnosis

Exploring the role of mononuclear phagocytes in the epididymis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 591-596页

作者： Nicolas Da Silva Tegan B smith Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Division of Nephrology Center for Systems Biology Boston Massachusetts USA.

The onslaught of foreign antigens carried by spermatozoa into the epididymis, an organ that has not demonstrated immune privilege, a decade or more after the establishment of central immune tolerance presents a unique biological challenge. Historically, the physical confinement of spermatozoa to the epididymal tubule enforced by a tightly interwoven wall of epithelial cells was considered sufficient enough to prevent cross talk between gametes and the immune system and, ultimately, autoimmune destruction. The discovery of an intricate arrangement of mononuclear phagocytes （MPs） comprising dendritic cells and macrophages in the murine epididymis suggests that we may have underestimated the existence of a sophisticated mucosal immune system in the posttesticular environment. This review consolidates our current knowledge of the physiology of MPs in the steady state epididymis and speculates on possible interactions between auto-antigenic spermatozoa, pathogens and the immune system by drawing on what is known about the immune system in the intestinal mucosa. Ultimately, further investigation will provide valuable information regarding the origins of pathologies arising as a result of autoimmune or inflammatory responses in the epididymis, including epididymitis and infertility.

关键词： antigen-presenting cells autoimmunity dendritic cells epididymis macrophages peripheral tolerance sperm maturation spermatozoa

Dose-dependent effect of histamine on antibody generation in vivo

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第2期3卷 112-116页

作者： Tripathi T Shahid M Khan HM Khan ra Siddiqui MU DePartment of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineJawaharlal Nehru Medical College and HospitalAligarh Muslim University Department of Microbiology Faculty of MedicineJawaharlal Nehru Medical College and HospitalAligarh Muslim University Department of Pharmacology Faculty of MedicineJawaharlal Nehru Medical College and HospitalAligarh Muslim University Department of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineJawaharlal Nehru Medical College and HospitalAligarh Muslim University

Objective:To delineate immunomodulatory role of histamine on antibody generation pr of ile in rabbit in the present dose-dependent histamine ***:The cohort comprised of three groups(Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤ),containing six rabbits each,and received subcutaneous histamine 50μg/kg×bis in die(b.i.d.),100μg/kg×*** 200μg/kg X b.i.d.,respectively for 10 days (starting from the 1st day).They were subsequently immunized on the 3rd day with intravenous injection of sheep blood cell(SRBC)(1×10 cells/mL).GroupⅡ(positive control)(n=6) received vehicle(sterile distilled water) and immunized at day 3 similarly while groupⅠ(negative control) (n=6) remained non-immunized and received only *** experimentations were performed in *** samples were collected on pre-immunization(pre-I)(day 0),as well as on days 7-,14-,21-,28- and 58- post-immunization(post-I).Immunological parameters[total immunoglobulins(Igs),IgM and IgG]were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ***:Histamine could influence a detectable antibody response to SRBC as early as day 7-post-I,which lasted until day 58- *** results were found statistically significant(Pration(until its presence in the body),and the antibody generation titer in vivo were affected by the concentration of histamine.

关键词： Histamine Immumomodulation T-cell dependent antibody response Humoral immune response SRBC

Climatic and Edaphic Controls on Soil pH in Alpine Grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau,China:A Quantitative Analysis

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Pedosphere 2014年第1期24卷 39-44页

作者： JI Cheng-Jun YANG Yuan-He HAN Wen-Xuan HE Yan-Fang J.smith P.smith Department of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Institute of Biological & Environmental Sciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Aberdeen

Soil acidity is an important parameter that can regulate ecosystem structure and ***,a quantitative understanding of the relationships between soil pH and environmental factors remains *** this study,relationships of soil pH with both climatic and edaphic factors in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau,China were quantified using data obtained from a regional soil survey during *** results showed that soil pH decreased along the gradient of both mean annual temperature and ***,soil pH exhibited consistent negative correlations with soil moisture and silt ***,soil organic and inorganic carbon contents played opposite roles in shaping patterns of soil pH:the accumulation of soil organic matter led to higher soil acidity,while the existence of soil inorganic matter was favorable for maintaining higher soil *** variation partitioning analysis indicated that the combination of climatic and edaphic variables explained 74.3%of the variation in soil *** results suggest that soil pH could be predicted from routinely-measured variables,allowing a robust pedotransfer function to be *** pedotransfer function may facilitate land surface models to generate more reliable predictions on ecosystem structure and function around the world.

关键词： climate soil acidity soil inorganic carbon soil organic carbon soil texture

Paracremonium moubasheri,a new species from an alkaline sediment of Lake Hamra in Wadi-El-Natron,Egypt with a key to the accepted species

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Studies in Fungi 2019年第1期4卷 216-222页

作者： Al-Bedak OA Ismail MA Mohamed ra Assiut University Mycological Centre(AUMC) Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of ScienceAssiut UniversityAssiutEgypt

During surveys of extremophilic fungi in hypersaline,alkaline lakes of Wadi-El-Natron,Egypt,an interesting fungus was recovered from a mud sample collected from Lake Hamra in Wadi-El-Natron,*** likelihood analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer(ITS)gene along with morphological comparisons of related taxa revealed a novel taxon,Paracremonium moubasheri which is described and illustrated in the current *** moubasheri can be distinguished from the known species of the genus by its large conidia,in addition to the presence of chlamydospores.

关键词： Acremonium-like Hypersaline Hypocreales new taxon Phylogeny