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Structure-Function Relations of Strigolactone Analogs： Activity as Plant Hormones and Plant Interactions

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 141-152页

作者： Maja Cohen Cristina Prandi Ernesto G. Occhiato Silvia Tabasso smadar Wininger Nathalie Resnick Yosef Steinberger Hinanit Koltai Yoram Kapulnik Institute of Plant Sciences ARO Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan Israel Dipartirnento di Chimica Universita di l:orino via R Giuria 7 10125 TorinoItaly Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff' Universita degli Studi di Firenze via della Lastruccia 13 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy

Strigolactones （SLs） have several functions as signaling molecules in their interactions with symbiotic arbus- cular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi and the parasitic weeds Orobanche and Striga. SLs are also a new class of plant hormone regulating plant development. In all three organisms, a specific and sensitive receptor-mediated perception system is suggested. By comparing the activity of synthetic SL analogs on Arabidopsis root-hair elongation, Orobanche aegypti- aca seed germination, and hyphal branching of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices, we found that each of the tested organisms differs in its response to the various examined synthetic SL analogs. Structure-function relations of the SL analogs suggest substitutions on the A-ring as the cause of this variation. Moreover, the description of competitive antagonistic analogs suggests that the A-ring of SL can affect not only affinity to the receptor, but also the molecule＇s ability to activate it. The results support the conclusion that Arabidopsis, Orobanche, and AM fungi possess variations in receptor sensitivity to SL analogs, probably due to variation in SL receptors among the different species.

关键词： strigolactone Arabidopsis Orobanche AM fungus Glomus intraradices root hair seed germination hyphalbranching.

The LysM Receptor-Like Kinase LysM RLK1 Is Required to Activate Defense and Abiotic-Stress Responses Induced by Overexpression of Fungal Chitinases in Arabidopsis Plants

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Molecular Plant 2012年第5期5卷 1113-1124页

作者： Yariv Brotman Udi Landau smadar Pnini Jan Lisec Salma Balazadeh Bernd Mueller-Roeber Aviah Zilberstein Lothar Willmitzer Ilan Chet Ada Viterbo Genes and Small Molecules AG Willmitzer Max-Planck-lnstitut of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Muhlenberg 1 D-14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology The Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot 76100 Israel Department of Plant Science Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel University of Potsdam Institute of Biochemistry and Biology KarI-Liebknecht-Strae 24-25 Haus 20 14476 Potsdam-Golrn Germany

Application of crab shell chitin or pentamer chitin oligosaccharide to Arabidopsis seedlings increased toler- ance to salinity in wild-type but not in knockout mutants of the LysM Receptor-Like Kinasel （CERK1/LysM RLK1） gene, known to play a critical role in signaling defense responses induced by exogenous chitin. Arabidopsis plants overexpress- ing the endochitinase chit36 and hexoaminidase excyl genes from the fungus Trichoderma asperelleoides T203 showed increased tolerance to salinity, heavy-metal stresses, and Botrytis cinerea infection. Resistant lines, overexpressing fungal chitinases at different levels, were outcrossed to lysm rlkl mutants. Independent homozygous hybrids lost resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, despite enhanced chitinase activity. Expression analysis of 270 stress-related genes, including those induced by reactive oxygen species （ROS） and chitin, revealed constant up-regulation （at least twofold） of 10 genes in the chitinase-overexpressing line and an additional 76 salt-induced genes whose expression was not elevated in the lysm rlkl knockout mutant or the hybrids harboring the mutation. These findings elucidate that chitin-induced signaling mediated by LysM RLK1 receptor is not limited to biotic stress response but also encompasses abiotic-stress signaling and can be conveyed by ectopic expression of chitinases in plants.

关键词： abiotic stress chitin-induced signaling chitinases LysM receptor kinase Trichoderma.

Live Journal An Initiative to Enrich a Teacher-Educators＇ Conference

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Journalism and Mass Communication 2016年第9期6卷 523-541页

作者： smadar Bar-Tal Miri Shonfeld Yoram Orad Levinsky College of Education Tel Aviv Israel Kibbutzim College of Education Tel Aviv Israel Ministry of Education Jerusalem Israel

Case study research investigated the launching of an innovative Live Journal, as part of a professional social network, during international conference held in Israel on the subject of teacher training. Research literature notes various publications used to record research and academic materials, but talks less about tools accompanying academic conferences. As far as could be ascertained no online ＂live journal＂ has served the needs of a professional conference. To understand the process and contribution of the Live Journal, qualitative study was chosen, using categorical analysis to interpret materials uploaded by participants on the journal. Additionally, in-depth interviews exposed participants＇ voices and interpretations. The research aimed to identify factors encouraging or hindering the initiative＇s success, patterns of participation, participants＇ characteristics, writing styles and incumbent difficulties and aimed to present a model for optimal operation of the Live Journal. Findings indicate essential components for the journal＇s success include： participants, technology and marketing, noting the importance of each component and their correlation with other components. The journal＇s potential to assist construction of a professional community, and act as an impetus for professional development and familiarity with other professionals in the field indicates the importance of the journal and constitutes the key for success.

关键词： case study Live Journal professional development virtual community

French Validation of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP-F)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2016年第1期6卷 107-118页

作者： smadar Valérie Tourjman Miriam H. Beauchamp Akram Djouini Mathilde Neugot-Cerioli Charlotte Gagner Philippe Baruch Serge Beaulieu Florence Chanut Andrée Daigneault Robert-Paul Juster Sonia Montmayeur Stéphane Potvin Scot Purdon Suzanne Renaud Evens Villenneuve Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal Montreal Canada Centre de Recherche de l’H?pital Ste-Justine Montreal Canada Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec Quebec Canada Douglas Mental Health University Institute Montreal Canada Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal Montreal Canada Faculté de Pharmacie d’Angers Université Angers Angers France Department of Psychiatry University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

Background: Measuring cognition in clinical practice is clearly essential to the appropriate characterisation of patients’ clinical status and to the development of a personalised care plan. The Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP) has been developed in order to provide a brief and accessible tool allowing the evaluation of cognitive function in psychiatric conditions. Objective: We present a validation of a French version of the SCIP. Method: Translation from English into French is carried out using the accepted back-translation method. Seventy-two healthy volunteers are characterised by demographic questionnaires and a neuropsychological battery. The French version of the SCIP is then administered on two separate occasions separated by at least a one-week interval. Results: High internal consistencies as well as strong correlations with comparable neuropsychological tests are obtained. A normalised Cronbach’s α = 0.66 is obtained. Conclusions: The French version of the SCIP (SCIP-F) yields results comparable to the English version. The SCIP represents an essential tool for the preliminary evaluation of cognition. Its characteristics, brevity and the lack of need for a technological platform, allow for its integration into clinical practice. Further testing of SCIP-F in various psychiatric conditions will yield valuable information on its potential in clinical settings.

关键词： Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry Cognitive Deficits Neuropsychological Assessment Cognitive Screening Patient-Centered Approaches