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Projections of the impacts of climate change on the water deficit and on the precipitation erosive indexes in Mantaro River Basin, Peru

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第2期15卷 264-279页

作者： sly c.wongchuig carlos R.MELLO Sin c.cHOU Hydraulics Institute Research Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Soil and Water Engineering Federal University of Lavras Brazilian Weather Research and Forecast National Spatial Research Institute (INPE)

Projections of climate change are essential to guide sustainable development plans in the tropical Andean countries such as Peru. This study assessed the projections of precipitation and potential evaporation, rain erosive potential, and precipitation concentration in the Mantaro River Basin, in the Peruvian Andes, which is important for agriculture and energy production in Peru. We assumed the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change （IPcc） AIB greenhouse gas emission scenario and simulated the global climate change by the HadcM3 global climate model. Due to the steepness of the mountain slopes and the narrowness of the river valley, this study uses the downscaling of the global model simulations by the regional Eta model down to 2o-km resolution. The downscaling projections show decrease in the monthly precipitation with respect to the baseline period, especially during the rainy season, between February and April, until the end of the 21st century. Meanwhile, a progressive increase in the monthly evaporation from the baseline period is projected. The Modified Fournier Index （MFI） shows a statistically significant downward trend in the Mantaro River Basin, whieh suggests a possible reduction in the rain erosive potential. The Precipitation concentration Index （PcI） shows a statistically significant increasing trend, which indicates increasingly more irregular temporal distribution of precipitation towards the end of the century. The results of this study allow us to conclude that there should be a gradual increase in water deficit and precipitation concentration. Both changes can be negative for agriculture, power generation, and water supply in the Mantaro River Basin in Peru.

关键词： Precipitation Evaporation Precipitationconcentration Index (PcI) Modified Fournier Index(MFI) climate change Tropical Andes

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The Drought of Amazonia in 2023-2024

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American Journal of climate change 2024年第3期13卷 567-597页

作者： Jose A. Marengo Ana P. cunha Jhan-carlo Espinoza Rong Fu Jochen Schöngart Juan c. Jimenez Mabel c. costa Joao M. Ribeiro sly wongchuig Siyu Zhao National center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters/cEMADEN So Jos dos Campos Brazil UNESP/cEMADEN So Jos dos Campos Brazil Graduate School of International Studies Korea University Seoul South Korea Institut des Gosciences de lEnvironnement (IGE) Institut de Recherche pour le Dvelopement (IRD) Saint Martin dHeres France Instituto de Investigacin sobre la Enseanza de las Matemticas (IREM PUcP) Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Per Lima Peru Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Departament of Environmental Dynamics Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaznia (INPA) Manaus Brazil Global change Unit (GcU) of the Image Processing Laboratory (IPL) Universitat de Valncia Estudi General (UVEG) Paterna Spain Laboratoire dEtudes en Gophysique et Ocanographie Spatiales (LEGOS) Universit de Toulouse CNES/CNRS/IRD/UT3 Toulouse France

The Amazon basin has experienced an extreme drought that started in the austral summer of 2022-23 and extends into 2024. This drought started earlier than other previous droughts. Although some rain fell during the austral summer, totals remained below average. Higher temperatures during austral winter and spring 2023, which affected most of central South America, then aggravated drought conditions. This coincided with an intense El Niño and abnormally warm tropical North Atlantic Ocean temperatures since mid-2023. Decreased rainfall across the Amazon basin, negative anomalies in evapotranspiration (derived from latent heat) and soil moisture indicators, as well as increased temperatures during the dry-to-wet transition season, September-October-November (SON) 2023, combined to delay the onset of the wet season in the hydrological year 2023-24 by nearly two months and caused it to be uncharacteristically weak. SON 2023 registered a precipitation deficit of the order of 50 to 100 mm/month, and temperatures +3˚c higher than usual in Amazonia, leading to reduced evapotranspiration and soil moisture indicators. These processes, in turn, determined an exceptionally late onset and a lengthening of the dry season, affecting the 2023-2024 hydrological year. These changes were aggravated by a heat wave from June to December 2023. Drought-heat compound events and their consequences are the most critical natural threats to society. River levels reached record lows, or dried up completely, affecting Amazonian ecosystems. Increased risk of wildfires is another concern exacerbated by these conditions.

关键词： El Niño SST in the Tropical Atlantic Amazon Drought River Levels Heatwave Dry Season Length

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Effects of antihypertensives on arterial responses associated with obstructive sleep apneas

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2005年第2期 37-43页

作者： Robert c.Basner Department of Medicine columbia University college of Physicians and Surgeons New York N Y USA 10032

Background Many patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have complicated with hypertension and may be prescribed with antihypertension medications to control their blood pressure But whether antihypertension medications can also decrease arterial stiffness or control the blood pressure increasing following obstructive events is not well described This study aimed to investigate whether antihypertensive medications can ameliorate the changes in arterial stiffness and blood pressure associated with OSA Methods Sixtyone OSAS patients [13 women, 48 men, mean age (534±123) years], 26 normotensive patients (N), 7 hypertensive patients on no antihypertension medications (H), and 28 hypertensive patients on various combination antihypertension therapy (HM), were prospectively diagnosed with standard nocturnal polysomnography Beattobeat blood pressure was continuously recorded from the radial artery by applanation tonometry during baseline sleep As a measure of arterial stiffness, arterial augmentation index (AAI) was calculated as the ratio of augmented systolic blood pressure (SBP) to pulse pressure and expressed as a percentage for the following conditions: awakening, the first 10 ("early apnea") and last 10 ("late apnea") cardiac cycles of obstructive events (apnea or hypopnea), and the first 15 cardiac cycles following event termination ("post apnea") for all events with nadir O2 saturation ≤89% Results Systolic blood pressure (SBP) postapnea [(14274±1306) mmHg (N), (13706±2656) mmHg (H), (13694±141) mmHg (HM)] was significantly increased from awakening [(13576±1476) mmHg (N), (13558±2317) mmHg (H), (12977±1400) mmHg (HM)], early apnea [(13053±1265) mmHg (N), (12447±2497) mmHg (H), (12604±1312) mmHg (HM)], and late apnea [(1298±1268) mmHg(N), (12478±2515) mmHg (H), (12448±1382) mmHg (HM)] respectively (Pcantly increased for the N group (P<0001) from awakening to late

关键词： obstructive sleep apnea syndrome · arterial stiffness · blood pressure · antihypertension medication

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小鼠生命早期砷暴露与A型流感病毒感染的急性和长期反应

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环境与职业医学 2014年第2期31卷 103-103页

作者： Kathryn A. Ramsey Rachel E. Foong Peter D. sly Alexander N. Larcombe Graeme R. Zosky

[背景]砷是一个重要的全球环境健康问题。已有研究显示,生命早期砷暴露会导致婴儿期呼吸道感染发生率增加、儿童期肺功能下降、成年早期支气管扩张发生率增加。[目的]确定小鼠在生命早期的砷暴露是否会加剧其生命早期流感病毒感染的反... 详细信息

[背景]砷是一个重要的全球环境健康问题。已有研究显示,生命早期砷暴露会导致婴儿期呼吸道感染发生率增加、儿童期肺功能下降、成年早期支气管扩张发生率增加。[目的]确定小鼠在生命早期的砷暴露是否会加剧其生命早期流感病毒感染的反应性。[方法]在宫内与整个产后生活中均使c57BL/6小鼠处于砷暴露状态。在1周龄时,令小鼠的一个亚组感染A型流感,然后评估砷暴露对病毒的清除、炎症、肺部结构和肺功能的急性和长期影响。[结果]生命早期的砷暴露使得小鼠对A型流感病毒的清除率下降、炎症反应加剧,并导致呼吸力学和气道结构的急性和长期性改变。[结论]在整个生命早期,砷暴露群体呼吸道感染的易感性增加合并炎症反应加剧可能会导致支气管扩张。

关键词：生命早期流感病毒感染砷暴露感染发生率反应急性 A型小鼠

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锑剂对于循环系的药理 1.酒石酸锑钾对于麻醉犬的循环作用

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上海第一医学院学报 1957年第1期 1-2页

作者：张昌绍李子行彭祥鄂余航生黄玉李少华上海第一医学院药理学教研组上海第一医学院第二届(1953年)药理学师资班上海第一医学院第二届(1953年)药理学师资班学员

12.5—50mg/kg 酒石酸锑钾的静脉注射,可使麻醉犬血压降低,心臓收缩减弱,心率减慢,脾血管扩张与脾囊的节律性收缩,将两侧迷走神经切断后,如血压不显著降低,则酒石酸锑钾的上述各种作用并不明显改变。氯化钾在相当于酒石酸锑钾中所含钾... 详细信息

12.5—50mg/kg 酒石酸锑钾的静脉注射,可使麻醉犬血压降低,心臓收缩减弱,心率减慢,脾血管扩张与脾囊的节律性收缩,将两侧迷走神经切断后,如血压不显著降低,则酒石酸锑钾的上述各种作用并不明显改变。氯化钾在相当于酒石酸锑钾中所含钾量的剂量时并不产生相似作用。酒石酸锑钾溶液的微酸性,在酒石酸锑钾的上述各种作用中,并不发生任何影响。

关键词：酒石酸锑钾剂量降压作用静脉注射吐酒石祛痰药用药量麻醉犬药理作用对于

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