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Burnout and well-being in otolaryngology trainees:A systematic review

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第2期8卷 118-125页

作者： skye k.lawlor Christopher M.Low Matthew L.Carlson karthik Rajasekaran Garret Choby Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objective:To comprehensively review the recent published literature to characterize current trends of burnout and well-being among otolaryngology trainees.Methods:Study design:systematic review and meta-analysis.A comprehensive literature review from 2000 to 2021 of studies related to otolaryngology resident burnout and well-being,as well as the general topic of well-being among surgical residents was completed.All included studies were summarized qualitatively.For the quantitative analysis,only articles reporting a Maslach burnout inventory(MBI),modified MBI or Mini-Z-Burnout assessment were included.Results:Twenty-five articles were included in the qualitative summary and nine articles in the quantitative analysis.In the qualitative summary,trainees were reported to have increased levels of distress and emotional hardening compared to attending otolaryngologists.Total hours worked per week and female gender were associated with worsened well-being.Residency program strategies to improve trainee well-being include program-sponsored wellness activities,dedicated wellness champions,and assistance with clerical burden.Implementation of protected nonclinical time has been shown to decrease burnout and increase well-being among trainees.Moreover,formal trainee mentorship programs have also been shown to reduce trainee burnout and stress.In the quantitative analysis,rates of trainee burnout ranged from 29.7%to 86%with an overall trend towards reduced rates of burnout from 2006 to 2021.Utilizing a weighted average,the overall burnout among otolaryngology residents was 58.6%.Conclusions:Rates of burnout remain high among otolaryngology trainees.Implementing formal mentorship programs and providing protected time during regular work hours appear to be effective tools to improve resident well-being.

关键词： burnout ENT otolaryngology residents wellness

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Volatility Modelling of Global Financial Crises Effects on the Nigerian Banks

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Open Journal of Statistics 2020年第2期10卷 303-324页

作者： Maruf A. Raheem Timothy k. Samson Department of and Engineering and Mathematics Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield United Kingdom Department of Statistics University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria Statistics Programme College of Engineering Agriculture and Science Bowen University Iwo Osun State Nigeria

The most appropriate heteroskedastic models for predicting volatility of daily stocks prices of 10 major Nigerian banks are proposed. The banks are Access, United Bank for Africa (UBA), Guaranty Trust, skye, Diamond, Fidelity, Sterling,?Union, ETI and Zenith banks;and these are examined from 2004 to 2014.?The models employed are Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (ARCH(1)), Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH(1, 1)),?Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic?(EGARCH(1, 1))?and Glosten, Jagananthan and Runkle-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic?(GJR-GARCH(1, 1)). The results show that all the?bank returns are highly leptokurtic, significantly skewed and thus non-normal across the four periods except for Fidelity bank during financial crises;findings similar to those of other global markets. Also noticed is the strong evidence for the presence of heteroscedasticity, and that volatility persistence during crisis?is?higher than before the crisis across the 10 banks, with that of UBA taking the lead, about 11 times higher during the crisis. The same with persistence?levels in volatility, which were relatively higher during financial crises across the ten banks compared to before the crises.?Findings further indicate that Asymmetric GARCH models outperformed the symmetric GARCH models, especially during the financial crises and post the crises. Thus with these findings, one could generally conclude that Nigerian banks’?returns are volatility persistent during and after the crises, and are characterized by leverage effects of negative and positive shocks during these periods.

关键词： Global Financial Crisis Leverage Effect Nigerian Stock Exchange Volatility Clustering Persistence

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Application of Iterative Approaches in Modeling the Efficiency of ARIMA-GARCH Processes in the Presence of Outliers

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Applied Mathematics 2019年第3期10卷 138-158页

作者： Emmanuel Alphonsus Akpan k. E. Lasisi Ali Adamu Haruna Bakari Rann Department of Mathematical Science Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria Federal College of Education (Tech.) Gombe Gombe State Nigeria Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria

The study explored both Box and Jenkins, and iterative outlier detection procedures in determining the efficiency of ARIMA-GARCH-type models in the presence of outliers using the daily closing share price returns series of four prominent banks in Nigeria (skye (Polaris) bank, Sterling bank, Unity bank and Zenith bank) from January 3, 2006 to November 24, 2016. The series consists of 2690 observations for each bank. The data were obtained from the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Unconditional variance and kurtosis coefficient were used as criteria for measuring the efficiency of ARIMA-GARCH-type models and our findings revealed that kurtosis is a better criterion (as it is a true measure of outliers) than the unconditional variance (as it can be depleted or amplified by outliers). Specifically, the strength of this study is in showing the applicability and relevance of iterative methods in time series modeling.

关键词： Heteroscedasticity kurtosis Model Efficiency Outliers Unconditional Variance Volatility

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