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A Decentralized and TCAM-Aware Failure Recovery Model in Software Defined Data Center Networks

Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1087-1107页

作者： Suheib Alhiyari siti Hafizah AB Hamid Nur Nasuha daud Department of Computer System and Technology University of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia

Link failure is a critical issue in large networks and must be effectively *** software-defined networks(SDN),link failure recovery schemes can be categorized into proactive and reactive *** schemes have longer recovery times while proactive schemes provide faster recovery but overwhelm the memory of switches by flow *** SDN adoption grows,ensuring efficient recovery from link failures in the data plane becomes *** particular,data center networks(DCNs)demand rapid recovery times and efficient resource utilization to meet carrier-grade *** paper proposes an efficient Decentralized Failure Recovery(DFR)model for SDNs,meeting recovery time requirements and optimizing switch memory resource *** DFR model enables switches to autonomously reroute traffic upon link failures without involving the controller,achieving fast recovery times while minimizing memory *** employs the Fast Failover Group in the OpenFlow standard for local recovery without requiring controller communication and utilizes the k-shortest path algorithm to proactively install backup paths,allowing immediate local recovery without controller intervention and enhancing overall network stability and *** employs flow entry aggregation techniques to reduce switch memory *** of matching flow entries to the destination host’s MAC address,DFR matches packets to the destination switch’s MAC *** reduces the switches’Ternary Content-Addressable Memory(TCAM)***,DFR modifies Address Resolution Protocol(ARP)replies to provide source hosts with the destination switch’s MAC address,facilitating flow entry aggregation without affecting normal network *** performance of DFR is evaluated through the network emulator Mininet 2.3.1 and Ryu 3.1 as SDN *** different number of active flows,number of hosts per edge switch,and different network sizes,the proposed model outperformed vario

关键词： Software defined networking failure detection failure recovery restoration protection TCAM size

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A Survey of Link Failure Detection and Recovery in Software-Defined Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 103-137页

作者： Suheib Alhiyari siti Hafizah AB Hamid Nur Nasuha daud Department of Software Engineering Universiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia

Software-defined networking(SDN)is an innovative paradigm that separates the control and data planes,introducing centralized network *** is increasingly being adopted by Carrier Grade networks,offering enhanced networkmanagement capabilities than those of traditional ***,because SDN is designed to ensure high-level service availability,it faces additional *** of themost critical challenges is ensuring efficient detection and recovery from link failures in the data *** failures can significantly impact network performance and lead to service outages,making resiliency a key concern for the effective adoption of *** the recovery process is intrinsically dependent on timely failure detection,this research surveys and analyzes the current literature on both failure detection and recovery approaches in *** survey provides a critical comparison of existing failure detection techniques,highlighting their advantages and ***,it examines the current failure recovery methods,categorized as either restoration-based or protection-based,and offers a comprehensive comparison of their strengths and ***,future research challenges and directions are discussed to address the shortcomings of existing failure recovery methods.

关键词： Software defined networking failure detection failure recovery restoration protection

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Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Shorea kunstleri

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第8期 638-644页

作者： siti suria daud Muhammad Taher Deny Susanti Mohamed Zaffar Ali Mohamed Amiroudine Tengku Muhamad Faris Syafiq Tengku Zakaria Department of Biomedical Science Faculty of ScienceInternational Islamic University Malaysia25200 KuantanPahangMalaysia Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of PharmacyInternational Islamic University Malaysia25200 KuantanPahangMalaysia Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceInternational Islamic University Malaysia25200 KuantanPahangMalaysia

Objective:To evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of stembark of Shorea kunstleri(***)together with analysis of phytochemical and total phenolic ***:Extraction was conducted with different solvent polarity of n-hexane,dichloromethane(DCM)and methanol by using Soxhlet *** phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu *** radical scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation were evaluated with DPPH radical scavenging and ferric thiocyanate assays,*** activities were performed using disc diffusion method,minimum inhibition concentration(MIC),minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC),and minimum fungicidal ***:*** stembark extracts revealed presence of steroids,terpenoids,saponins,flavonoids,and phenolic *** extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity resulting in phenolic content of(8.340±0.003)g GAE/100 g of extract and(95.90±1.07)%DPPH inhibition(IC_(50)value of 18.6μg/mL),*** thiocyanate assay of n-hexane,DCM,and methanol extracts indicated lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of(74.20±0.35)%,(74.00±0.10)%,and(72.80±0.27)%,*** antimicrobial and antifungal tests,methanol extract showed inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus(***),Candida albicans,and Candida tropicalis with inhibition zones of 10-12,18-22,and 18-19 mm,*** MIC test of methanol extract showed highest inhibition against Candida albicans and ***(0.04 and 0.08 mg/mL,respectively)while DCM extract exhibited the highest activity towards Candida tropicalis(MIC value of 0.63 mg/mL).Taken together,MBC test of methanol extract strongly demonstrated bactericidal effect against *** with MBC value of 0.08 mg/***:The study demonstrated that stembark extracts of *** possessed antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

关键词： Shorea kunstleri Phytochemicals Antioxidant Antimicrobial

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Amorphous particle deposition and product quality under different conditions in a spray dryer

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Particuology 2008年第4期6卷 265-270页

作者： Meng Wai Woo Wan Ramli Wan daud siti Masrinda Tasirin Meor Zainal Meor Talib Department of Chemical & Processing Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Deposition of amorphous particles, as a prevalent problem particularly in the spray drying of fruit and vegetable juices, is due to low-molecular-weight sugars and is strongly dependent on the condition of the particles upon collision with the dryer wall. This paper investigates the condition of the amorphous particles impacting the wall at different drying conditions with the aim of elucidating the deposition mechanism and physical phenomena in the drying chamber. A model sucrose-maltodextrin solution was used to represent the low-molecular-weight sugar. Particle deposits were collected on sampling plates placed inside the dryer for analyses of moisture content, particle rigidity (using SEM) and size distribution. Moisture content was adopted as a general indicator of stickiness. Product particles collected at the bottom of the experimental dryer were found to have higher moisture than particle deposits on samplers inside the dryer. Moisture content profile in the dryer shows that apart from the atomizer region, where particles are relatively wet, particle deposits at other regions exhibit similar lower moisture content. At the highest temperature adopted in the experiments, particles became rubbery suggesting liquid-bridge formation as the dominant deposition mechanism. Further analysis on particles size distribution reveals a particle segregation mechanism whereby smaller particles follow preferentially to the central air stream while larger particles tend to re-circulate in the chamber, as predicted in past CFD simulation. The findings from this work will form the basis and provide validating data for further modeling of wall deposition of amorphous particles in spray drying using CFD.

关键词： Powder handling Amorphous particles Deposition Particle condition Spray drying

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Excellent outcome of primary Neisseria meningitidis keratoconjunctivitis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2011年第5期1卷 419-420页

作者： Jakiyah daud siti Raihan Ishak Zakuan Zainy Deris Wan Hazabbah Wan Hitam Department of Ophthalmology School of Medical SciencesHealth CampusUniversiti Sains Malaysia Department of Medical Microbiology ParasitologySchool of Medical SciencesHealth CampusUniversiti Sains Malaysia Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology UnitHospital Universiti Sains MalaysiaHelath CampusUniversiti Sains Malaysia

Infectious conjunctivitis is a very common presentation to medical professional and ophthalmologist all over the *** its typically self-limiting and treatable in almost all of the cases,but we need to be aware of the rare and potentially life threatening if the cause is not promptly identified and treated *** our case report,we highlighted the rare case of Neisseria meningitidis as a primary cause of *** meningitidis is a rare etiology of keratoconjunctivitis and its ocular presentations are quite similar with other bacterial or viral *** infection may potentially fatal if systemic invasion occurred,however with immediate and proper treatment the outcome is *** diagnosis and proper antibiotic treatment are critical to prevent systemic spread of the *** health intervention is needed to prevent outbreak of the disease.

关键词： Neisseria meningitidis Keratoconjunctivitis

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Latent tuberculosis infection among medical students in Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第4期12卷 181-184页

作者： Maha Abdullah Ummi Nadira Daut siti Aishah daud Nor Afifi Mohd Romli Marsitah Abdul Jalil Noorelina Muhammad Safarina Mohammad Ismuddin Masriana Hassan Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia

Objective: This study aimed to determine prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among medical students and tuberculosis exposure at the health facilities. Methods: A cross-section of study year 1(n=68) and year 5(n=75) medical students in a local university were recruited for latent tuberculosis infection testing using QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus and a questionnaire analyzed for multivariate risk. Results: The majority of the study were vaccinated with BCG. None of year 1 medical students were positive for latent tuberculosis infection, however, six(8.0%) year 5 students were tested positive for latent tuberculosis infection. A higher incidence of year 5 medical students claimed to be exposed to tuberculosis at health facility(65.3% vs. 4.4%) and a higher percentage reported contact with tuberculosis case over the preceding year compared to year 1 students(30.7% vs. 8.8%). Conclusion: We observed a higher incidence of latent tuberculosis infection and higher exposure to tuberculosis in health facilities among year 5 medical students. Baseline screening and monitoring for progression to tuberculosis infection may benefit tuberculosis management programs.

关键词： Latent tuberculosis infection Medical students Interferon-gamma release assay

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Evaluation of Functional and Radiological Outcome of Arthroscopic-Assisted Anatomical Coracoclavicular (CC) and Acromioclavicular (AC) Ligament Reconstruction in Chronic AC Joint Dislocation

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 223-237页

作者： Muhammad Hafiz daud Lim Wee Cheong Ang Xi Yuan Che Wan Mohd Shaiful Nizam siti Hawa Tahir Arthroscopy Sports Injury Unit Orthopedic Department Hospital Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Introduction: Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation is a common shoulder injury, comprising 9% - 12% of shoulder girdle injuries. Optimal management remains challenging, with treatment decisions guided by the Rockwood classification system. Controversies surround grade III injuries, necessitating further classification. Non-operative treatment has shown favorable outcomes, while surgical interventions vary. Anatomical coracoclavicular reconstruction (ACCR) has demonstrated biomechanical advantages over traditional methods. Arthroscopic techniques offer advantages, minimizing deltoid detachment and allowing concurrent pathology identification. This study evaluates the outcomes of arthroscopic-assisted ACCR in chronic AC joint dislocation. Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic-assisted ACCR involves meticulous portal placement, tendon graft harvesting, diagnostic arthroscopy, and coracoid exposure. The clavicle tunnels were made to mimic the conoid and trapezoid ligament positions, using FibreTape#2 loop and Dog Bone Button for correct placement against the coracoid base, and passing the semitendinosus graft through to reconstruct the conoid ligament, reduction done and graft follow through for anatomical reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective cohort study at Hospital Kuala Lumpur analyzed 35 patients undergoing arthroscopic-assisted ACCR for Rockwood grade III - V AC joint dislocations. Inclusion criteria encompassed trauma ≥ 3 weeks prior, no prior shoulder injuries, and ≥12-month follow-up. Functional and radiological assessments utilized ASES scores and coracoclavicular distances, respectively. Statistical analysis employed descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: The mean age was 38.9 years (SD 11.26), and 34 of 35 patients were male. Grade IV injuries were predominant (37.1%). Waiting time for surgery averaged 234.9 days. Functional improvement was substantial postoperatively (ASES: 55.5 to 88.9). Radiological outcomes demonstrated reduced coraco

关键词： Arthroscopic-Assisted Anatomical Coracoclavicular and Acromioclavicular Ligament Reconstruction (AACR) Chronic Acromioclavicular Dislocation ASES Score Rockwood Classification

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Antioxidant Properties and Glucan Compositions of Various Crude Extract from <i>Lentinus squarrosulus</i>Mycelial Culture

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第10期5卷 805-814页

作者： Rahayu Ahmad Sutha Muniandy Nur Iffah Abdullah Shukri siti Mariatul Usyida Alias Aidil Abdul Hamid Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff Sahidan Senafi Fauzi daud School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Faculty Science and Technology National University of Malaysia Bangi Malaysia

Various crude extracts of Lentinus squarrosulus mushroom mycelium and culture broth were prepared for antioxidant studies, glucan and carbohydrate compound analysis. Crude extract from ethanol, cold and hot water extraction was tested on several complementary test systems namely DPPH free radical scavenging, β-carotene linoleic acid oxidation, total phenolic compound, total flavonoid compound, total carbohydrate content and total glucan compositions. The antioxidant activity of the crude extracts of Lentinus squarrosulus mushroom mycelium and culture broth was determined by 2,2’ diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and β-carotene linoleic acid assay. Crude extracted from culture broth EPS EE recorded the highest radical scavenging effects at 20 mg/mL (85%) which is closer to the control antioxidants (ascorbic acid 97%;BHT 92.4%;BHA 93.6%). Both the ethanol extract (IPS EE and EPS EE) exhibited the highest β-carotene linoleic acid oxidation by recording IC50 values of 0.6 and 0.65 mg/mL respectively. IPS EE (0.59 mg/g) and EPS WE (0.58 mg/g) showed high flavonoid content whereas total phenol content was high in EPS WE (0.85 mg/g) and IPS EE (0.84 mg/g). Total carbohydrate concentrations were high in IPS HWE and IPS CWE with 19.1 and 16.3 mg/mL respectively and these data correlate with the β-glucan content in both extracts. The highest β-glucan content found in IPS CWE and IPS HWE were 12.2 and 11.4% w/w respectively.

关键词： Lentinus squarrosulus β-Glucan Antioxidant Polysaccharides Submerged Fermentation

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