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COVID-19 induced renal injury differs from that in other viral-infections

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2022年第1期2卷 23-31页

作者： Rachel S.Parise Manoj Govindarajulu sindhu Ramesh Tony Thomas Timothy Moore Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran Department of Drug Discovery and Development Auburn University Harrison School of PharmacyWalker BuildingAuburnAlabamaUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA

Background:Kidney injuries caused by several viral diseases have been reported worldwide among all age groups,races,and *** particular importance is coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and its prevalence in communities infecting all patient populations with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe,including complications and ***:Data were acquired from PubMed,Scopus,Google Scholar,Centers for Disease Prevention and Control(CDC),and Lexi-Comp using the following search terms:“COVID-19 and renal pathology,”“COVID-19 induced kidney disease,”“Viral infection induced kidney disease,”and“Viral infection induced renal damage.”Titles and abstracts were manually analyzed as per the exclusion and inclusion criteria of relevant articles;relevance of articles included studies on the pathology of a specific viral infection and the impact of the virus on the adult renal ***:The mechanisms for renal disease due to COVID-19 include direct renal tubular injury,cytokine storm,inflammation,thrombosis *** tubular necrosis,thrombotic events,and direct renal *** some mechanisms behind renal dysfunction among the studied viral infections are similar,the prevalence rates of kidney injury or damage *** might be described by recommended prophylactic and therapeutic approaches that can alter the viral infection characteristics and possibly the impact a particular organ ***:The patient population at risk was old in age and had a high body mass *** mechanisms associated with renal dysfunction are similar,including direct renal injury through angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)entry,inflammation,and *** renal pathology of coronaviruses that differs from that of other prevalent viral infections is the activation of cytokine storm,which causes elevations of a greater number and different kinds of cytokines than other viral infections.

关键词： COVID-19 Kidney damage Renal damage Renal pathology

Synthetic biology for sustainable food ingredients production:recent trends

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2023年第1期3卷 137-149页

作者： K.B.Arun A.N.Anoopkumar Raveendran sindhu Parameswaran Binod Embalil Mathachan Aneesh Aravind Madhavan Mukesh Kumar Awasthi Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology JagathyThiruvananthapuram 695014KeralaIndia Department of Life Sciences CHRIST(Deemed to be University)Bengaluru 560029KarnatakaIndia Department of Zoology Centre for Research in Emerging Tropical Diseases(CRET-D)University of CalicutMalappuramKeralaIndia Department of Food Technology T K M Institute of TechnologyKollam 691505KeralaIndia Microbial Processes and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology(CSIR-NIIST)Trivandrum 695019KeralaIndia School of Biotechnology Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamAmritapuriKeralaIndia College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina

Problems with food security result from increased population,global warming,and decrease in cultivable *** the advancements in synthetic biology,microbial synthesis of food is considered to be an efficient alternate approach that could permit quick food biosynthesis in an eco-friendly ***,synthetic biology can be assumed to the synthesis of healthy or specially designed food components like proteins,lipids,amino acids and vitamins and widen the consumption of feedstocks,thus offering possible resolutions to high-quality food *** review describes the impact of synthetic biology for the microbial synthesis of various food ingredients production.

关键词： Synthetics biology Cell factory Metabolic engineering Food ingredients Fermentation

基于元分析揭示全球尺度下反硝化反应器中基质材料对硝态氮去除的显著影响

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Engineering 2023年第2期21卷 214-226,M0008页

作者：范豫川庄杰 Michael Essington sindhu Jagadamma John Schwartz Jaehoon Lee Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA University of Florida Everglades Research and Education CenterBelle GladeFL 33430USA Center for Environmental Biotechnology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Civil and Environmental Engineering University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

反硝化生物反应器(DNBR)被广泛用于减少农业废水中过量的硝酸盐。其性能取决于基质的物理和化学性质。在以前的研究中,已经对一部分常见基质做了总结。然而,很少有研究尝试确定基质类型在硝酸盐去除中起作用的一般模式。本研究利用从63... 详细信息

反硝化生物反应器(DNBR)被广泛用于减少农业废水中过量的硝酸盐。其性能取决于基质的物理和化学性质。在以前的研究中,已经对一部分常见基质做了总结。然而,很少有研究尝试确定基质类型在硝酸盐去除中起作用的一般模式。本研究利用从63篇同行评审文章中收集的数据总结了41种基质类型,包括219个独立DNBR单元。基质分为四类:(1)天然碳(NC),如木屑;(2)非天然碳(NNC),如可生物降解聚合物[如聚己内酯(PCL)和废品(如纸板)];(3)无机材料(IM),如非碳材料(如氧化铁);(4)复合材料(MM),如上述材料的混合物。通过对硝酸盐去除速率[NRR,氮去除(g·m^(-3)·d^(-1))]和硝酸盐去除效率(NRE,%)的元分析,对这些材料进行比较和评估。本文综合阐述了基质效果(NRR和NRE)、潜在机理、污染交换和成本分析。我们的分析表明,木屑和玉米芯是NC中最具成本效益的基质。对比所有参与研究的基质,我们建议将MM作为最优基质,尤其是具有很大的改进空间的基于木屑和玉米芯的基质。该分析有助于优化DNBR的设计,以满足使用者对环境、经济和实用的需求。

关键词：硝酸盐去除农业废水生物反应器可生物降解聚合物同行评审氮去除成本效益无机材料

Advances and effectiveness of the immunotherapy after liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2022年第6期14卷 629-631页

作者： Sai Swarupa R Vulasala Nirmal K Onteddu sindhu P Kumar Chandana Lall Priya Bhosale Mayur K Virarkar Department of Radiology University of Florida College of MedicineJacksonvilleFL 32209United States Department of Internal Medicine Flowers HospitalDothanAL 36305United States Division of Diagnostic Imaging Department of Diagnostic RadiologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030United States

Transplant recipients usually have increased chances of graft rejection and graft vs host disease,requiring chronic immunosuppressive ***,longterm immunosuppression risks malignancies such as skin cancer,lymphoma,and Kaposi ***,there are very few studies that included solid organ transplant recipients while studying the efficacy of immunotherapy.“Immunotherapy after liver transplantation:Where are we now?”is a study,where the authors described the mechanism of action and outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors specific to liver transplant *** authors reported the graft rejection rates and the factors contributing to the rejection in the liver transplant recipients.

关键词： Immunotherapy Hepatocellular carcinoma Immune checkpoint inhibitors Liver transplantation Solid organ transplant Graft rejection

Iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2015年第3期6卷 62-72页

作者： sindhu Kaitha Muhammad Bashir Tauseef Ali Department of Medicine Section of GastroenterologyOklahoma University Health Sciences Center Department of Internal Medicine Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center

Anemia is a common extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and is frequently overlooked as a complication. Patients with IBD are commonly found to have iron deficiency anemia(IDA) secondary to chronic blood loss, and impaired iron absorption due to tissue inflammation. Patients with iron deficiency may not always manifest with signs and symptoms; so, hemoglobin levels in patients with IBD must be regularly monitored for earlier detection of anemia. IDA in IBD is associated with poor quality of life, necessitating prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. IDA is often associated with inflammation in patients with IBD. Thus, commonly used labora-tory parameters are inadequate to diagnose IDA, and newer iron indices, such as reticulocyte hemoglobin content or percentage of hypochromic red cells or zinc protoporphyrin, are required to differentiate IDA from anemia of chronic disease. Oral iron preparations are available and are used in patients with mild disease activity. These preparations are inexpensive and con-venient, but can produce gastrointestinal side effects, such as abdominal pain and diarrhea, that limit their use and patient compliance. These preparations are partly absorbed due to inflammation. Non-absorbed iron can be toxic and worsen IBD disease activity. Although cost-effective intravenous iron formulations are widely available and have improved safety profiles, physicians are reluctant to use them. We present a review of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of IDA in IBD, improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, efficacy, and safety of iron replacement in IBD.

关键词： Iron deficiency anemia Inflammatory bowel disease Hepcidin Ferritin Oral iron Intravenous iron

Third Order Optical Nonlinearities and Spectral Characteristics of Methylene Blue

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2011年第2期1卷 69-72页

作者： Velloli sindhu Sukumaran Alkondan Ramalingam 不详

We have investigated third order nonlinear optical properties and spectral characteristics of methylene blue dye in both polymer and liquid mixtures. The spectral characteristics of the dye is studied by recording the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the dye doped in poly(methylmethacrylate) modified with additive n-butyl acetate(nBA) and the dye in MMA and nBA (liquid mixture). The spectral results of the dye doped polymer rod are compared with dye in liquid Mixture. The nonlinear measurements of the dye in liquid and polymer medium were performed using CW He-Ne laser of wavelength 632.8 nm by employing z-scan technique. The dye methylene blue showed a negative nonlinear refractive index.

关键词： Methylene Blue Polymer Solid Dye Laser nBA MMA Spectral Characteristics Nonlinear Refractive Index Polymer Thin Film

A scientific perspective of how and why Omicron is less severe than SARS-CoV-2

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2023年第3期3卷 115-121页

作者： Rachel Parise sindhu Ramesh Jun Ren Manoj Y.Govindarajulu Rishi M.Nadar Suhrud Pathak Timothy Moore Muralikrishnana Dhanasekaran Department of Drug Discovery and Development Harrison College of PharmacyAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA Department of Cardiology Zhongshan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA

Omicron is currently the dominant variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the coronavirus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** is associated with mild symptoms,although it can cause harmful effects in high-risk patient *** and COVID-19 affect multiple organ systems,including the respiratory system,gastrointestinal tract,cardiovascular system,central nervous system,ophthalmic system,genitourinary tract,and musculoskeletal ***-19 infects additional organ systems,including the hematological system,hepatobiliary system,renal system,and dermatologic *** viral-induced complications were compared to discuss the effects of Omicron versus the authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus,revealing less detrimental outcomes for ***,COVID-19 is more likely to infect older adults,males,and obesity with mild to severe *** causes mild symptoms in younger populations and overweight *** were acquired using PubMed,Centers for Disease Prevention and Control,and the World Health ***-19 and Omicron mechanisms causing organ system-related complications are likely because of the natural immune response to the active infection,the uncontrollable release of cytokines causing cytokine release syndrome,and direct viral damage through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/transmembrane serine protease 2 receptor binding and entrance to the host cell for infection.

关键词： Complications Infection Inflammation Omicron SARS-CoV-2

Range of Thresholds Used for Treatment of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia at Different Gestational Ages across Neonatal Units in Great Britain

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2011年第5期2卷 593-598页

作者： Puneet Kumar Arora sindhu Mohandas Deborah Ridout Narendra Aladangady 不详

Objectives: To review the range of thresholds used for treatment of neonatal jaundice at different gestational ages across neonatal units in Great Britain. To investigate the time at which the threshold values plateau, in terms of hours after birth, for various gestational ages. Methods: We contacted 72 neonatal units in Great Britain and enquired about the unit guidelines for management of neonatal jaundice. We requested a copy of the guidelines and jaundice action charts used. Levels for treatment with phototherapy and exchange transfusion for various times after birth and for different gestational ages were extracted and the data was transferred to an Excel spreadsheet. Identical values were excluded so that there was no duplication of charts. The data was analysed to explore the variation in charts used and the time at which the threshold value reached a plateau was recorded for each chart. Results: Of the 72 units contacted 46 responded with charts. Four neonatal units were using formulas and one hospital was using separate chart for every gestation. The data displayed wide variation in treatment levels (phototherapy and exchange transfusion) at 12 to 168 hours after birth in the three gestational groups studied (28, 32 and 37 weeks). For a term neonate at 72 hours of age the threshold to commence phototherapy varied between 220-370 micromol/l and the exchange transfusion threshold varied between 300-510 micromol/l. A wide variation in practice was seen for all three gestations. The median plateau time was also analysed and for phototherapy this corresponded to 72 hours for all three gestations. For exchange transfusion data the median time of plateau was highest for the term babies (72 hours) and lowest for 32 weeks gestation (48 hours). There was no reference of evidence quoted in the jaundice action charts surveyed. Conclusions: Jaundice action charts reviewed in our study showed significant variation in the threshold for treatment of neonatal jaundice. Both

关键词： Neonatal Jaundice Phototherapy Exchange Transfusion

Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime Datamining

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Journal of Information Security 2012年第3期3卷 196-201页

作者： K. K. sindhu B. B. Meshram Computer Engineering Department Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute Mumbai India omputer Engineering Department Shah and Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College Mumbai India

Digital forensics is the science of identifying, extracting, analyzing and presenting the digital evidence that has been stored in the digital devices. Various digital tools and techniques are being used to achieve this. Our paper explains forensic analysis steps in the storage media, hidden data analysis in the file system, network forensic methods and cyber crime data mining. This paper proposes a new tool which is the combination of digital forensic investigation and crime data mining. The proposed system is designed for finding motive, pattern of cyber attacks and counts of attacks types happened during a period. Hence the proposed tool enables the system administrators to minimize the system vulnerability.

关键词： Cyber Forensic Digital Forensic Tool Network Forensic Tool Crime Data Mining