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The Safety and Efficacy of CBD—A Pharmacist’s Perspective

Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2021年第8期12卷 167-175页

作者： Samuel Maaiah Alexander Nguyen simona senovaityte Lily Dang Hayden Gharibyar Remedy+ Fort Collins Colorado USA

Here in the United States Cannabidiol (CBD) is legal in all 50 states if the Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration of the product is no more than 0.3%. The largest retailers of CBD in 2019 were located inCalifornia, Florida, and New York, which sold $730 million, $291 million, and $215 million, respectively. Of the patients who use CBD, the most common reasons for their use were pain, anxiety, and insomnia. As the use of CBD for the relief of different issues increases, it is important to assess the safety and efficacy of CBD as it pertains to drug-drug interactions, lab interactions, and its actual benefits. This subject of safety and efficacy is increasingly important as the use of CBD has increased, with approximately 64 million Americans having tried CBD between 2017 and 2019. In this article, we will discuss these different aspects of CBD use from the point of view of a pharmacist. Not only do pharmacists commonly get questions on different aspects of CBD use, but they are also drug experts in areas including drug-drug interactions, drug toxicities, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profiles of medications, and guideline-recommended therapeutic options. Although there is a limited amount of data, there is still accessible data that may serve to inform pharmacists to become aware of the safety and efficacy of CBD. This information will serve pharmacists to educate patients that CBD contains properties to be used in a variety of conditions such as Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, Dravet Syndrome, pain, and sports enhancement.

关键词： CBD Cannabidiol Cannabinoid

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The Safety of Cannabis Use in Pregnancy

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第11期11卷 1437-1445页

作者： simona senovaityte Alexander Nguyen Solhee Han Brenda La Faithful Anane-Asane Rouna Mohran Sterling Lee Anthony Monzon Omar Samara Derrick Murcia Shrey Purohit University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA

Based on self-reported surveys conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, cannabis use in pregnant females has increased over the years. Despite the increasing trend, the relationship between cannabis use and fetal outcomes is not fully understood. This review paper evaluates the literature investigating the short-term and long-term fetal outcomes resulting from cannabis use during pregnancy. Additionally, the risk of chronic marijuana use leading to cannabis hyperemesis syndrome has been highlighted in this paper using conclusions compiled from several case studies. Several studies linked delayed mental growth and reduced cognitive function with prenatal cannabis use, but the literature was limited to lower-quality observational studies and could not establish causality. One systematic review investigated short-term outcomes of low birth rates and preterm deliveries, where marijuana use in conjunction with tobacco use was associated with more preterm deliveries. Another study found that six-year-old patients exposed to cannabis prenatally were more likely to score lower in different categories on the Stanford-Binet scale test, which measures intelligence. The exposure in the first, second, or third trimester was associated with lower composite or subcategory scores such as verbal reasoning or short-term memory. Despite these results, the studies evaluated had limitations. They could not establish a clear relationship between cannabis use and fetal outcomes, but the literature showed a similar pattern of health, social and economic inequities among the populations who self-reported cannabis and substance use and non-users. Current organization guidelines advise against the use of cannabis use during pregnan

关键词： Causality Preterm Deliveries Low-Birth Rates Stanford-Binet Scale Test Trimester Inequities

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