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Viral hepatitis:Innovations and expectations

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第5期28卷 517-531页

作者： simona leoni Alberto Casabianca Benedetta Biagioni Ilaria Serio Division of Internal Medicine Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic DiseasesIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di BolognaBologna 40138Italy

Viral hepatitis is a significant health problem worldwide,associated with morbidity and *** B,C,D,and occasionally E viruses(HBV,HCV,HDV,and HEV)can evolve in chronic infections,whereas hepatitis A virus(HAV)frequently produces acute self-limiting *** the last years,different studies have been performed to introduce new antiviral *** most important goal in the treatment of viral hepatitis is to avoid chronic liver disease and *** review analyzes currently available therapies,in particular for viruses associated with chronic liver *** focus is especially on HBV and HCV therapies,investigating new drugs already introduced in clinical practice and clinical *** also describe new entry inhibitors,developed for the treatment of chronic HDV and HBV and currently available treatments for *** last drugs introduced have shown important efficacy in HCV,with achievable target HCV elimination by ***,renewed interest in curative HBV therapies has been registered;current nucleotide/nucleoside analogs positively impact liver-related complications,ensuring high safety and *** approaches to HBV cure are based on new antivirals,targeting different steps of the HBV life cycle and immune *** improved knowledge of the HDV life cycle has facilitated the development of some direct-acting agents,as bulevirtide,the first drug conditionally approved in Europe for HDV associated compensated liver *** studies are required to identify a new therapeutic approach in hepatitis E,especially in immunosuppressed patients.

关键词： Viral hepatitis Chronic liver disease Treatments Antiviral Immunotherapy Vaccination

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Current guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:A systematic review with comparative analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第30期24卷 3361-3373页

作者： simona leoni Francesco Tovoli Lucia Napoli Ilaria Serio Silvia Ferri Luigi Bolondi Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC) Division of Internal MedicineUniversity of Bologna

The current epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is reshaping the field of hepatology all around the *** widespread diffusion of metabolic risk factors such as obesity,type2-diabetes mellitus,and dyslipidemia has led to a worldwide diffusion of *** parallel to the increased availability of effective anti-viral agents,NAFLD is rapidly becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western Countries,and a similar trend is expected in Eastern Countries in the next *** epidemic and its consequences have prompted experts from all over the word in identifying effective strategies for the diagnosis,management,and treatment of *** scientific societies from Europe,America,and Asia-Pacific regions have proposed guidelines based on the most recent evidence about *** guidelines are consistent with the key elements in the management of NAFLD,but still,show significant difference about some critical *** reviewed the current literature in English language to identify the most recent scientific guidelines about NAFLD with the aim to find and critically analyse the main *** distinguished guidelines from 5 different scientific societies whose reputation is worldwide recognised and who are representative of the clinical practice in different geographical *** were noted in: the definition of NAFLD,the opportunity of NAFLD screening in high-risk patients,the noninvasive test proposed for the diagnosis of NAFLD and the identification of NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis,in the follow-up protocols and,finally,in the treatment strategy(especially in the proposed pharmacological management).These difference have been discussed in the light of the possible evolution of the scenario ofNAFLD in the next years.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Metformin Liver steatosis Liver biopsy Non-invasive diagnosis Pioglitazone Clinical guidelines

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Long-term durable response to lenalidomide in a patient with hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第22期20卷 7049-7054页

作者： Maria Caterina Pallotti Margherita Nannini Claudio Agostinelli simona leoni Valerio Di Scioscio Anna Mandrioli Cristian Lolli Maristella Saponara Stefano Pileri Luigi Bolondi Guido Biasco Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo Department of Specialized Experimentaland Diagnostic MedicineS. Orsola-Malpighi HospitalUniversity of Bologna40138 BolognaItaly Hematopathology Section Department of ExperimentalDiagnosticand Specialty MedicineS. Orsola-Malpighi HospitalUniversity of Bologna40138 BolognaItaly Division of Internal Medicine Department of Digestive Disease and Internal MedicineS. Orsola-Malpighi HospitalUniversity of Bologna40138 BolognaItaly Department of Radiology S. Orsola-Malpighi HospitalUniversity of Bologna40138 BolognaItaly InterdepartmentalCentre for Cancer Research "G. Prodi" University of Bologna40138 BolognaItaly

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma(EH)is a rare tumor arising from the vascular endothelial cells of soft tissue or visceral *** most common visceral site is the liver,where it is often involved in a multifocal man-ner known as hepatic EH(HEH).Surgical resection with curative intent represents the gold standard *** surgery is not feasible,or in cases of metastatic disease,no standard medical treatment is currently *** small series,drugs with anti-angiogenic activity(such as bevacizumab,sorafenib,thalidomide,and lenalidomide)have been proposed with promising *** describe a 73-year-old man with multifocal non-resectable HEH treated with *** status was evaluated by abdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance every four *** patient was treated for a total of 39 mo with prolonged disease stabilization and,at the time of writing,is still under treatment with a good tolerance *** a short period of treatment discontinuation,the disease showed slight progression that immediately resolved after the reintroduction of *** may represent a valid treatment option for HEH due to its anti-angiogenic and antineoplastic *** preliminary result merits further study in a large series.

关键词： Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma Liver Lenalidomide Magnetic resonance Abdominal ultrasound

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Negative Feedback Regulation of Auxin Signaling by ATHB8/ACL5-BUD2 Transcription Module

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Molecular Plant 2014年第6期7卷 1006-1025页

作者： simona Baima Valentina Forte Marco Possenti Andres Penalosa Guido leoni Sergio Salvi Barbara Felici Ida Ruberti Giorgio Morelli Food and Nutrition Research Centre Agricultural Research Council Via Ardeatina 546 00178 Rome Italy Present address: Department of Physics Sapienza University of Rome Rle A Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy Present address: Soil-Plant System Studies Research Centre Agricultural Research Council Via della Navicella 2-4 00184 Rome Italy Institute of Biology Molecular Medicine and NanoBiotechnology National Research Council Rle A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy

The role of auxin as main regulator of vascular differentiation is well established, and a direct correlation between the rate of xylem differentiation and the amount of auxin reaching the （pro）cambial cells has been proposed. It has been suggested that thermospermine produced by ACAULIS5 （ACL5） and BUSHY AND DWARF2 （BUD2） is one of the factors downstream to auxin contributing to the regulation of this process in Arabidopsis. Here, we provide an in-depth characterization of the mechanism through which ACL5 modulates xylem differentiation. We show that an increased level of ACL5 slows down xylem differentiation by negatively affecting the expression of homeodomain-leucine zipper （HD- ZIP） III and key auxin signaling genes. This mechanism involves the positive regulation of thermospermine biosynthesis by the HD-ZIP III protein ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX8 tightly controlling the expression of ACL5 and BUD2. In addition, we show that the HD-ZIP III protein REVOLUTA contributes to the increased leaf vascularization and long hypocotyl phenotype of acl5 likely by a direct regulation of auxin signaling genes such as LIKE AUXIN RESISTANT2 （LAX2） and LAX3. We propose that proper formation and differentiation of xylem depend on a balance between positive and negative feedback loops operating through HD-ZIP III genes.

关键词： auxin procambium thermospermine autoregulation auxin influx transporters Arabidopsis.

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