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Unifying concepts in methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox sludge granulation

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第1期17卷 17-30页

作者： simon Mills Anna Christine Trego Marco Prevedello Jo De Vrieze Vincent o’Flaherty Piet N.L.Lens Gavin Collins Microbial Communities Laboratory School of Biological and Chemical SciencesNational University of Ireland GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Microbial Ecology Laboratory School of Biological and Chemical Sciences University of GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology(CMET) Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653B-9000GentBelgium University of Galway University RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

The retention of dense and well-functioning microbial biomass is crucial for effective pollutant removal in several biological wastewater treatment *** solids retention is often achieved through aggregation of microbial communities into dense,spherical aggregates known as granules,which were initially discovered in the *** granules have since been widely applied in upflow anaerobic digesters for waste-to-energy ***,granular biomass has been applied in aerobic wastewater treatment and anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)*** mechanisms underpinning the formation of methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox granules are the subject of ongoing *** each granule type has been extensively studied in isolation,there has been a lack of comparative studies among these granulation *** is likely that there are some unifying concepts that are shared by all three sludge *** these unifying concepts could allow a unified theory of granulation to be ***,we review the granulation mechanisms of methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox granular sludge,highlighting several common concepts,such as the role of extracellular polymeric substances,cations,and operational parameters like upflow velocity and shear *** have then identified some unique features of each granule type,such as different internal structures,microbial compositions,and quorum sensing ***,we propose that future research should prioritize aspects of microbial ecology,such as community assembly or interspecies interactions in individual granules during their formation and growth.

关键词： Granule Granulation Anaerobic digestion Anammox Aerobic granule

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Low prevalence of epilepsy and onchocerciasis after more than 20 years of ivermectin treatment in the Imo River Basin in Nigeria

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第1期8卷 36-44页

作者： Joseph N.F.Siewe Chinyere N.Ukaga Ernest o.Nwazor Murphy o.Nwoke Modebelu C.Nwokeji Blessing C.onuoha simon o.nwanjor Joel okeke Kate osahor Lilian Chimechefulam Ann I.ogomaka Augustine A.Amaechi Chika I.Ezenwa Monika N.Ezike Chidimma I.kpeama ogechi Nwachukwu Austine I.Eriama-Joseph Berthram E.B.Nwoke Robert Colebunders Global Health Institute University of AntwerpCam pus Drie EikenDoornstraat 3312610 WilrijkAntwerpBelgium Imo State University OwerriNigeria Federal Medical Centre OwerriNigeria Madonna University Teaching Hospital EleleNigeria Imo State Ministry of Health OwerriNigeria

Background:High epilepsy prevalence and incidence have been reported in areas with high onchocerciasis *** findings suggest that proper community-directed treatment with ivermectin(CDTI)is potentially able to prevent onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(oAE).We assessed the epilepsy prevalence and onchocerciasis transmission in two Nigerian villages following more than 20 years of ***:A cross-sectional door-to-door survey was performed in two villages in the Imo River Basin reported to be mesoendomic for onchocerciasis(Umuoparaodu and Umuezeala).Individuals were screened for epilepsy using a validated 5-item *** suspected to have epilepsy were examined by a neurologist or a physician with training in epilepsy for *** was investigated via skin snip microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests for ov16 *** were compared with previous findings from the Imo river ***:A total of 843 individuals from 257 households in the two villages were *** detected four persons with epilepsy(PWE)giving a crude epilepsy prevalence of 0.5%.This finding differs from observations reported 14 years ago which showed an epilepsy prevalence of 2.8%in the neighbouring village of Umulolo(P=0.0001),and 1.2%from 13 villages in the Imo river basin(P=0.07).The seroprevalence of ov16 antibodies was found to be 0%.only 4.6%of skin snips were positive compared to 26.8%in previous surveys(Pon coverage in the study sites in 2017 was 79.7%.Conclusions:A low epilepsy and onchocerciasis prevalence was observed following more than 20 years of CDTI in the Imo River *** of ov16 antibodies indicates minimal transmission of *** results contrast with observations from areas of high onchocerciasis transmission,where epilepsy prevalence and incidence remain *** from this study suggest that sustained efforts could eventually achieve elimination of onch

关键词： Epilepsy onchocerciasis Nigeria Ivermectin ov16

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Epidemiological Aspects of Stillbirth and Neonatal Deaths in the Delivery Room at the Libreville Mother-Child University Hospital from 2019 to 2022

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open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Eliane Kuissi Kamgaing Jacques Albert Bang Ntamack opheelia Makoyo Komba Raïssa Koumba Maniaga Steeve Minto’o Rogombe Pascal Loulouga Badinga Aude Lembet Mikolo simon Ategbo Department of Neonatal Medicine Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother-Child University Hospital (JEFMCUH) of Libreville Libreville Gabon Department of Gynaecology and obstetrics Jeanne Ebori Foundation (JEFMCUH) of Libreville Libreville Gabon Department of Paediatrics University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Stillbirths are estimated at 2 million each year, of which more than 40% occur during labour. our objective was to study the epidemiological aspects of stillbirth and neonatal deaths in the delivery room in our health facility. Patients and methods: Prospective, descriptive and analytical study, conducted at the Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother-Child University Hospital over 4 years (January 2019-December 2022). All neonatal deaths in the delivery room or foetal death in utero, were included. Results: Among the 18,346 deliveries performed, 512 newborns were declared dead in the delivery room (27.9‰ live births), divided into in utero foetal death (19.0‰) and immediate neonatal death (8.9‰). The mean age was 34.3 weeks of amenorrhea. The rate of preterm birth was 60.4%. The sex ratio was 1.1. The average weight was 2186.6. The main causes were vascular (46.1%), foetal (20.2%), adnexal (17.1%) and asphyxia per partum (16.6%). Foetal causes were more likely to result in IUFD than other causes (oR = 6.4 [2.4 - 15.7], p ore likely to lead to death before 15 minutes of life than other causes (oR = 11 [6.1 - 18.9], p Conclusion: The causes of stillbirth and early neonatal mortality are dominated by maternal vascular pathologies. However, the proportion of childbirth-related causes remains worrying. Better monitoring of pregnancy and labour will minimize this prevalence in our hospital.

关键词： Stillbirth Neonatal Death Delivery Room Epidemiology Libreville-Gabon

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Hordedane diterpenoid phytoalexins restrict Fusarium graminearum infection but enhance Bipolaris sorokiniana colonization of barley roots

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1307-1327页

作者： Yaming Liu Dario Esposto Lisa K.Mahdi Andrea Porzel Pauline Stark Hidayat Hussain Anja Scherr-Henning simon Isfort Ulschan.Bathe Ivan F.Acosta Alga Zuccaro Gerd U.Balcke Alain Tissier Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany Institute for Plant Sciences Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences(CEPLAS)Cologne BiocenterUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research CologneGermany Horticultural Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA.

Plant immunity is a multilayered process that includes recognition of patterns or effectors from pathogens to elicit defense *** include the induction of a cocktail of defense metabolites that typically restrict pathogen ***,we investigate the interaction between barley roots and the fungal pathogens Bipolaris sorokiniana(Bs)and Fusarium graminearum(Fg)at the metabolite *** identify hordedanes,a previously undescribed set of labdane-related diterpenoids with antimicrobial properties,as critical players in these *** of barley roots by Bs and Fg elicits hordedane synthesis from a 60o-kb gene *** reconstruction of the biosynthesis pathway in yeast and Nicotiana benthamiana produced several hordedanes,including one of the most functionally decorated products 19-β-hydroxy-hordetrienoic acid(19-oH-HTA).Barley mutants in the diterpene synthase genes of this cluster are unable to produce hordedanes but,unexpectedly,show reduced Bs *** contrast,colonization by Fusarium graminearum,another fungal pathogen of barley and wheat,is 4-fold higher in the mutants completely lacking ***,19-oH-HTA enhances both germination and growth of Bs,whereas it inhibits other pathogenic fungi,including *** of microscopy and transcriptomics data suggest that hordedanes delay the necrotrophic phase of *** together,these results show that adapted pathogens such as Bs can subvert plant metabolic defenses to facilitate root colonization.

关键词： barley Hordeum vulgare diterpenoid phytoalexins gene cluster pathogenic fungi Bipolaris sorokininiana Fusarium graminearum

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Protective and Regenerative Efficacy of a Plant oil-Based Day and Night Cream: Investigated by a Novel Approach to Reveal the Impact of Blue Light Irradiation on Epidermal Barrier Integrity and Lipid Matrix

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2024年第3期14卷 227-241页

作者： Dorothee Dähnhardt Stephan Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer Isabel simon Dana Ditgen Inge Holland Dörte Segger Peter Staib Microscopy Services Dhnhardt GmbH Flintbek Germany Research & Development and Regulatory Affairs Kneipp GmbH Wuerzburg Germany SGS INSTITUT FRESENIUS GmbH Hamburg Germany

In recent years, the harmful effects of blue light (400 - 500 nm) as a component of visible light (400 - 700 nm) have increasingly gained attention of science, industry, and consumers. To date, only a few in vivo test methods for measuring the effects of blue light on the skin have been described. A direct measurement method that can detect the immediate effects of blue light on the epidermal permeability barrier (EPB) is still lacking. In this study, we present a new methodological approach that can be used to investigate both the protective and regenerative effects of cosmetic products on the EPB after blue light irradiation. In a study with 14 female volunteers, it was investigated whether the regular application of an o/W emulsion (day cream) can strengthen and protect the epidermal barrier against damaging blue light radiation of 60 J/cm2 (protective study design) and also whether a disruption of the epidermal barrier caused by blue light radiation is restored faster and better by the regular application of another o/W emulsion (night cream) than in product-untreated skin (regenerative study design). The two o/W emulsions are different in plant oil, active ingredient composition and texture. The seven-day treatment with the day cream initially led to a significant increase in the normalized lipid lamellae length in the intercellular space, whereas the irradiation with blue light after 24 hours led to a significant decrease in the lipid lamellae length in the untreated test area, but not in the area previously treated with the product. Regarding the regenerative study design, a two-day treatment with the night cream was able to restore a blue-light-induced decrease in lipid lamellae length in the intercellular space. In summary, with the study designs presented here, the protective and regenerative effect of two cosmetic products could be demonstrated for the first time on the integrity of the EPB after blue light irradiation and the data showed that the Lipbarv

关键词： Skin Care Blue Light Irradiation Skin Barrier Intercellular Lipid Lamellae Electron Microscopy

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Mobility of Major and Trace Elements during the Bauxitization Processes in Ngaoundal Area (Adamawa Cameroon): Implication on Mining Perspectives

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open Journal of Geology 2024年第1期14卷 81-100页

作者： André Sini Harouna Boukari ondoa Augustin Désiré Balla Djetenbe Beral Salomon Wangmené Awé simon Djakba Basga Jean Pierre Nguetnkam Department of Mining Engineering School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Mining Engineering and Environment School of Mining Industry and Geology University of Abdou-Moumouni Niamey Niger Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Mining Engineering Saint Jerome Polytechnic Saint Jerome Catholic University Institute of Douala Douala Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Garoua Cameroon

This study was focused to assess major and trace elements in bauxitic duricrusts from Ngaoundal and its surroundings in order to establish their mining interest. To this end, fieldworks, mineralogical and geochemical analyses were carried out. Four facies of duricrust were identified and characterized from the summit to the top of the slope of the Ngaoundal mountain: scoriaceous, pisolitic, nodular and massive. Mineralogical and geochemical analyses performed on 16 samples, revealed a significant concentration of Al2o3 mainly in the scoriaceous facies (over 45% in grade), moderate in Fe2o3 (averaging 23.69%) and Sio2 (averaging 21.7%). Trace elements were generally low, excluding Cr (421 ppm on average), Zr (327 ppm on average and V (213 ppm on average). In addition, the limited quantities of alkalis (Na2o, K2o) and alkaline earths metals (Mgo, Cao) coupled with the very high values of Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) and Mineralogical Index of Alteration (MIA), (more than 99%) attest to the intense weathering of the studied materials. Allitization and monosiallitization constituted the crystallochemical phenomena that have led to the development of bauxitic minerals. More than 90% of gibbsite in scoriaceous facies, 52.21% - 76.01% of kaolinite in pisolitic facies and more than 40% of hematite in nodular facies were quantified. The relationships between the constitutive components indicated their interdependency during the bauxitization phenomenon. The mineralogical and geochemical properties highlighted the mining interest of the studied duricrusts to be valorized.

关键词： Duricrust Bauxitization Phenomenon Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization Major and Trace Elements Mining Potential

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Characterization of artificial spherical particles for DEM validation studies

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Particuology 2012年第2期10卷 209-220页

作者： Ignazio Cavarretta Catherine o'Sullivan Erdin Ibraim Martin Lings simon Hamlin David Muir Wood Division of Civil Chemical and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Department of Civil Engineering University of BristolBristol BS81TRUK

This paper describes a study in which advanced particle-scale characterization was carried out on spherical particles that can be used in experimental tests to validate discrete element method （DEM） simulations. Two types of particle, alkaline and borosilicate glass beads, made from two different materials, were con- sidered. The particle shape, stiffness, contact friction properties and surface roughness were measured. The influences of hardness and roughness on the mechanical response of the particles were carefully considered. Compared to the alkaline beads, the borosilicate beads were more spherical and more uniform in size, and they exhibited mechanical characteristics closer to natural quartz sand. While only two material types were studied, the work has the broader implication as a methodology for selecting particles suitable for use in DEM studies and the key parameters that should be considered in the selection process are highlighted.

关键词： Particle characterizationGlass beadsDEM

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Quasi-morphisms via Local Action Data and Quasi-isometries

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Algebra Colloquium 2016年第1期23卷 111-116页

作者： Gabi Ben-simon Department of Mathematics ORT Braude College P.O. Box 78 Karmiel 2161002 Israel

In this work we first present a principle which says that quasi-morphisms can be obtained via local data of group action on certain appropriate spaces. In a rough manner the principle says that instead of starting with a given group and trying to build or study its space of quasi-morphisms, we should start with a space with a certain structure, in such a way that groups acting on this space and respecting this structure will automatically carry quasi-morphisms, where these are supposed to be better understood. This principle plays an important role in the second result of this paper, which is a universal embedding of the projective space of the linear space of quasi-morphisms of any given countable group, into the space of quasi-isometries of a certain universal metric space.

关键词： quasi-rnorphisms discrete groups quasi-isometries

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Inheritance patterns of secondary symbionts during sexual reproduction of pea aphid biotypes

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Insect Science 2014年第3期21卷 291-300页

作者： Jean Peccoud Joêl Bonhomme Frédérique Mahéo Manon de la Huerta olivier Cosson Jean-Christophe simon INRA Institut de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes (UMR IGEPP) Domaine de La Motte 35653 le Rheu cedex France

Herbivorous insects frequently harbor bacterial symbionts that affect their ecol- ogy and evolution. Aphids host the obligatory endosymbiont Buchnera, which is requiredfor reproduction, together with facultative symbionts whose frequencies vary across aphid populations. These maternally transmitted secondary symbionts have been particularlystudied in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, which harbors at least 8 distinct bacterial species （not counting Buchnera） having environmentally dependent effects on host *** particular, these symbiont species are associated with pea aphid populations feeding on specific plants. Although they are maternally inherited, these bacteria are occasionallytransferred across insect lineages. one mechanism of such nonmaternal transfer is paternal transmission to the progeny during sexual reproduction. To date, transmission of secondarysymbionts during sexual reproduction of aphids has been investigated in only a handful of aphid lineages and 3 symbiont species. To better characterize this process, we investigatedinheritance patterns of 7 symbiont species during sexual reproduction of pea aphids through a crossing experiment involving 49 clones belonging to 9 host-specialized biotypes, and117 crosses. Symbiont species in the progeny were detected with diagnostic qualitative PCR at the fundatrix stage hatching from eggs and in later parthenogenetic *** found no confirmed case of paternal transmission of symbionts to the progeny, and we observed that maternal transmission of a particular symbiont species （Serratia symbiotica）was quite inefficient. We discuss these observations in respect to the ecology of the pea aphid.

关键词： bacteria Homoptera paternal inheritance phytophagous insects symbiosis transmission failure

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Linking gold mineralization to regional-scale drivers of mineral systems using in situ U-Pb geochronology and pyrite LA-ICP-MS element mapping

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 89-105页

作者： Imogen o.H.Fielding simon P.Johnson Sebastien Meffre Jianwei Zi Stephen Sheppard Ross R.Large Birger Rasmusseng Department of Applied Geology Curtin University Geological Survey of Western Australia CoDES ARC Centre of Excellence in ore Deposits University of Tasmania State Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan John de Laeter Centre Curtin University Calidus Resources Ltd School of Earth Sciences The University of Western Australia

Proterozoic orogens commonly host a range of hydrothermal ores that form in diverse tectonic settings at different times. However, the link between mineralization and the regional-scale tectonothermal evolution of orogens is usually not well understood, especially in areas subject to multiple hydrothermal ***-scale drivers for mineral systems vary between the different classes of hydrothermal ore, but all involve an energy source and a fluid pathway to focus mineralizing fluids into the upper crust. The Mount olympus gold deposit in the Proterozoic Capricorn orogen of Western Australia, was regarded as an orogenic gold deposit that formed at ca. 1738 Ma during the assembly of Proterozoic Australia. However,the trace element chemistry of the pyrite crystals closely resembles those of the Carlin deposits of Nevada,with rims that display solid solution gold accompanied by elevated As, Cu, Sb, Hg, and Tl, surrounding gold-poor cores. New SHRIMP UeP b dating of xenotime intergrown with auriferous pyrite and ore-stage alteration minerals provided a weighted mean^(207) Pb*/^(206) Pb* date of 1769 ± 5 Ma, interpreted as the age of gold mineralization. This was followed by two discrete episodes of hydrothermal alteration at 1727 ± 7 Ma and 1673 ± 8 Ma. The three ages are linked to multiple reactivation of the crustal-scale Nanjilgardy Fault during repeated episodes of intracratonic reworking. The regional-scale drivers for Carlin-like gold mineralization at Mount olympus are related to a change in tectonic regime during the final stages of the intracratonic 1820 -1770 Ma Capricorn orogeny. our results suggest that substantial sized Carlin-like gold deposits can form in an intracratonic setting during regional-scale crustal reworking.

关键词： Geochronology Xenotime SHRIMP LA-ICP-MS Gold mineralization Capricorn orogen

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