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Making cancer fat:reprogramming of lipid metabolism by CD147 in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2016年第3期28卷 380-382页

作者： Hye-lim Ju simon Weonsang Ro Institute of Gastroenterology Yonsei University College of Medicine

Over the past few years, de novo lipogenesis has taken central stage in the field of cancer metabolism （1）. Large amount of lipids is needed for synthesis of membranes, signaling molecules, lipoproteins, etc. to support rapidly growing tumor cells （2-4）. Reports have shown that neoplastic tissues show aberrant activation of de novo lipogenesis and that inhibition of different enzymes within the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway can block cancer cell growth （2,5-9）. Meanwhile, the importance of fatty acid oxidation （FAO） in cancer metabolism is being increasingly recognized. FAO is the catabolic process by which lipids are utilized to produce energy. Recent studies implicated that the key regulatory enzymes in FAO such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 （CPT1） and peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 （ACOX1） regulate cancer development （10,11）.

关键词： HCC CD Making cancer fat

Use of second generation contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the assessment of focal liver lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第45期13卷 5963-5970页

作者： Stanislas HX Morin Adrian KP lim eremy FL Cobbold simon D Taylor-Robinson Sciences Hammersmith Hospital Campus Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London London United Kingdom Liver Unit St Mary's Hospital Campus Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London London United Kingdom Liver Unit St Mary’s Hospital Campus Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London London United Kingdom

Ultrasound (US) is often the first imaging modality employed in patients with suspected focal liver lesions. The role of US in the characterisation of focal liver lesions has been transformed with the introduction of specific contrast media and the development of specialized imaging techniques. Ultrasound now can fully characterise the enhancement pattern of hepatic lesions, similar to that achieved with contrast enhanced multiphasic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). US contrast agents are safe, well-tolerated and have very few contraindications. Furthermore, real-time evaluation of the vascularity of focal liver lesions has become possible with the use of the newer microbubble contrast agents. This article reviews the enhancement pattern of the most frequent liver lesions seen, using the second generation US contrast media. The common pitfalls for each type of lesion are discussed. The recent developments in US contrast media and specific imaging techniques have been a major advance and this technique, in view of the intrinsic advantages of US, will undoubtedly gain popularity in the years to come.

关键词： Microbubble contrast agents Ultrasound Focal liver lesions

Non-invasive splenic parameters of portal hypertension:Assessment and utility

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第11期12卷 1055-1066页

作者： Ayesha Karim Ahmad Sebastiana Atzori James Maurice simon D Taylor-Robinson Adrian KP lim Liver Unit Department of DigestionMetabolism&ReproductionFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondon W21NYUnited Kingdom Liver Unit Department of DigestionMetabolism&ReproductionImperial College LondonLondon W21NYUnited Kingdom Liver Unit and Imaging Department of DigestionMetabolism&ReproductionImperial College LondonLondon W21NYUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Portal hypertension is a major complication of cirrhosis that is associated with significant morbidity and *** present gold-standard method to risk stratify and observe cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension is hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement or ***,these methods are invasive,carry a risk of complications and are associated with significant patient ***,non-invasive splenic parameters are of clinical interest as potential useful markers in determining the presence of portal ***,diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility remains *** To assess the diagnostic accuracy of spleen stiffness,area and diameter in predicting the presence of portal *** Of 50 patients with varying liver disease pathologies were prospectively recruited from the ***’s Hospital Liver Unit in London;25 with evidence of portal hypertension and 25 with no evidence of portal *** stiffness,spleen stiffness,spleen diameter and spleen area were measured using the Philips Affiniti 70 elastography point quantification point shear wave elastography *** aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet-ratio-index(APRI)score was also *** measures,univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate demographic,clinical and elastography *** correlation coefficient was used to determine the reproducibility of splenic area and *** On univariate and individual performance,platelet count[area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)0.846,P value<0.001],spleen area(AUROC 0.828,P value=0.002)and APRI score(AUROC 0.827,P value<0.001)were the most accurate variables in identifying the presence of portal *** multivariate logistic regression models constructed,the combination of spleen area greater than 57.90 cm2 and platelet count less than 126×10^9 had 63.2%sensitivity and 100%specificity

关键词： Portal hypertension Esophageal varices Point shear wave elastography Spleen stiffness Spleen area Non-invasive

A review: Challenges and opportunities for artificial intelligence and robotics in the offshore wind sector

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2022年第2期8卷 177-212页

作者： Daniel Mitchell Jamie Blanche Sam Harper Theodore lim Ranjeetkumar Gupta Osama Zaki Wenshuo Tang Valentin Robu simon Watson David Flynn Smart Systems Group Institute of SensorsSignals and SystemsSchool of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH144ASUnited Kingdom Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science Intelligent and Autonomous Systems GroupCWIAmsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Algorithms Group Faculty of Electrical EngineeringMathematics and Computer Science(EEMCS)Delft University of Technology(TU Delft)Delft2628 XE Netherlands The University of Manchester Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringOxford RoadManchesterM139PL United Kingdom James Watt School of Engineering University of GlasgowG128QQUnited Kingdom

The UK has set plans to increase offshore wind capacity from 22GW to 154GW by 2030. With such tremendous growth, the sector is now looking to Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (RAI) in order to tackle lifecycle service barriers as to support sustainable and profitable offshore wind energy production. Today, RAI applications are predominately being used to support short term objectives in operation and maintenance. However, moving forward, RAI has the potential to play a critical role throughout the full lifecycle of offshore wind infrastructure, from surveying, planning, design, logistics, operational support, training and decommissioning. This paper presents one of the first systematic reviews of RAI for the offshore renewable energy sector. The state-of-the-art in RAI is analyzed with respect to offshore energy requirements, from both industry and academia, in terms of current and future requirements. Our review also includes a detailed evaluation of investment, regulation and skills development required to support the adoption of RAI. The key trends identified through a detailed analysis of patent and academic publication databases provide insights to barriers such as certification of autonomous platforms for safety compliance and reliability, the need for digital architectures for scalability in autonomous fleets, adaptive mission planning for resilient resident operations and optimization of human machine interaction for trusted partnerships between people and autonomous assistants. Our study concludes with identification of technological priorities and outlines their integration into a new ‘symbiotic digital architecture’ to deliver the future of offshore wind farm lifecycle management.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Autonomous systems Digitalization Offshore renewable energy Offshore wind farms Robotics

Imaging of liver cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第11期15卷 1289-1300页

作者： Ben Ariff Claire R Lloyd Sameer Khan Mohamed Shariff Andrew V Thillainayagam Devinder S Bansi Shahid A Khan simon D Taylor-Robinson Adrian KP lim Department of Imaging Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Charing Cross Hospital Campus Fulham Palace Road London W6 8RF United Kingdom Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division of Medicine Imperial College London St Mary's Hospital Campus South Wharf Road London W2 1NY United Kingdom

Improvements in imaging technology allow exploitation of the dual blood supply of the liver to aid in the identif ication and characterisation of both malignant and benign liver lesions. Imaging techniques available include contrast enhanced ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. This review discusses the application of several imaging techniques in the diagnosis and staging of both hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma and outlines certain characteristics of benign liver lesions. The advantages of each imaging technique are highlighted, while underscoring the potential pitfalls and limitations of each imaging modality.

关键词： Hepatic cell carcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma Contrast enhanced ultrasound Computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging

Role of microbubble ultrasound contrast agents in the non-invasive assessment of chronic hepatitis C-related liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第22期12卷 3461-3465页

作者： Scott Grier Adrian KP lim Nayna Patel Jeremy FL Cobbold Howard C Thomas Isobel J Cox simon D Taylor-Robinson Liver Unit St Mary's Hospital Campus Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Imaging Sciences Hammersmith Hospital Campus Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom

Patients who are chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus often develop chronic liver disease and assessment of the severity of liver injury is required prior to considering viral eradication therapy. This article examines the various assessment methods currently available from gold standard liver biopsy to serological markers and imaging. Ultrasound is one of the most widely used imaging modalities in clinical practice and is already a first-line diagnostic tool for liver disease. Microbubble ultrasound contrast agents allow higher resolution images to be obtained and functional assessments of microvascular change to be carried out. The role of these agents in quantifying the state of hepatic injury is discussed as a viable method of determining the stage and grade of liver disease in patients with hepatitis C. Although currently confined to specialist centres, the availability of microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound will inevitably increase in the clinical setting.

关键词： Hepatitis C Microbubble contrast agents Ultrasound

Towards maximized utilization of iridium for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2275-2280页

作者： Marc Ledendecker simon Geiger Katharina Hengge Joohyun lim Serhiy Cherevko Andrea M. Mingers Daniel Gohl Guilherme V. Fortunato Daniel Jalalpoor Ferdi Schuth Christina Scheu Karl J. J. Mayrhofer Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Nanoanalytics and Interfaces Max-Planck-Institut fur Eisenforschung GmbH40237 DusseldorfGermany Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis Max-Planck-Institut fur KohlenforschungKaiser- Wilhelm-Platz 145470 Mulheim an der RuhrGermany Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nurnbergfar Renewable Energy (IEK-11) Forschungszentrum Jillich91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Friedrich-Alexander- Universitat Erlangen -Nurnberg91058 ErlangenGermany Institute of Chemistry Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAv. Senador Filin to Muller1555Campo GrandeMS 79074-460Brazil

The reduction in noble metal content for efficient oxygen evolution catalysis is a crucial aspect towards the large scale commercialisation of polymer electrolyte membrane *** catalytic stability and activity are inversely related,long service lifetime still demands large amounts of low-abundant and expensive *** this manuscript we elaborate on the concept of maximizing the utilisation of iridium for the oxygen evolution *** combining different tin oxide based support materials with liquid atomic layer deposition of iridium oxide,new possibilities are opened up to grow thin layers of iridium oxide with tuneable noble metal ***-situ,time-and potential-resolved dissolution experiments reveal how the stability of the substrate and the catalyst layer thickness directly affect the activity and stability of deposited iridium *** on our results,we elaborate on strategies how to obtain stable and active catalysts with maximized iridium utilisation for the oxygen evolution reaction and demonstrate how the activity and durability can be tailored *** results highlight the potential of utilizing thin noble metal films with earth abundant *** for future catalytic applications in the energy sector.

关键词： oxygen evolution reaction liquid atomic layer depositi on catalysis iridium core-shell nano particles

Metro/1 WIDE:Computer Assisted Instruction/Learning System for International Project Financial Economics Training Specifics

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Metro/1 WIDE:Computer Assisted Instruction/Learning System f...

Risk Management of Cyanotoxins in Singapore

2011 3rd International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering（ICIFE 2011）

作者： Matthew Goldman Kimher lim Eugene Chinloke Tan simon Lickthian Teo Metro Education/Association of International Accountants ShanghaiChina

Pressing demand for innovation in CAI/L systems calls for up-scale methods with governances capable of escalating learning and managing knowledge from learning. Combinatorial effort of CAI/CAL with work-integrated-dissertation-environment,ideas compression techniques and Socrates delivery methods not only produces learning but brings esteem into knowledge retention. The concept of a BOM capacitated CRM facilitates synchronization of learning materials,and continuous benchmarking with work environment. CAI/CAL system for training international project managers serves to initiate innovation in narrowing gap for producing international project manager for mutual benefits between China and countries that host its investments.

关键词： CAI CAL international financial economics BOM Socrates concept mapping Metro break-even economics-equilibrium

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第6期12卷 512-525页

作者： Mong Hoo lim Hui Shi Melissa Tay Denise A. Devotta Maxine A. D. Mowe simon M. Mitrovic Water Quality Department Public Utilities Board (PUB) Singapore Freshwater and Invasion Biology Laboratory Department of Biological Science National University of Singapore (NUS) Singapore Freshwater and Estuarine Research Group School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia

Cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria pose significant challenges to water resource management due to the potential impacts they have on human health. Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and microcystins (MC) are the more commonly detected cyanotoxins in Singapore’s reservoirs. Among the MC congeners monitored locally, the most frequently detected variants are MC-RR (37.6%), followed by MC-LR (25.6%). MC-LA and MC-YR are the least frequently detected variants (7.1%). No cyanotoxins have been detected in Singapore’s treated drinking water. Singapore’s National Water Agency (PUB) and the National Environment Agency (NEA) developed recreational water quality guidelines using Chl a concentrations of 50 μg/L. In local surface waters, long-term data showed that at 50 μg/L of Chl a, MC-LR concentrations ranged from a concentrations, Microcystis cell counts in reservoir water have also been used to manage cyanotoxin risk in drinking water. Specifically, routinely monitored data from all 17 Singapore reservoirs indicated that to keep MC-LR concentrations below the WHO provisional guideline of 1 μg/L in drinking water, Microcystis cell counts needed to be Microcystis isolates showed M. aeruginosa produced the most MC compared to M. ichthyoblabe, M. flos-aquae, and M. viridis. Based on the maximum toxin cell quota equivalent to the WHO provisional guideline for MC-LR of 1 μg/L in drinking water, a 5000 cells/ml cell count guideline was derived for M. aeruginosa. This cell count has also been incorporated into Singapore’s cyanotoxin risk management framework for reservoirs.

关键词： Chlorophyll-a Cyanobacteria Cyanotoxins Nutrients Tropical