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Invasion genetics： Lessons from a ubiquitous bird, the house sparrow Passer domesticus

current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 465-476页

作者： Andrea L. LIEBL Aaron W. ScHREY Samuel c. ANDREW Elizabeth L.SHELDON simon c. GRIFFITH University of Exeter ComwaU Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK Department of Biology Armstrong State University Savannah GA31419 USA Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia

Following an introduction, non-native species are exposed to environments that differ from those found in their native range; further, as these non-native species expand beyond the site of introduction, they must constantly adapt to novel environ- ments. Although introduced species are present across most ecosystems, few species have successfully established themselves on a truly global scale. One such species, the house sparrow Passer domesticus, is now one of the world＇s most broadly distributed vertebrate species and has been introduced to a great part of its current range. To date, work on four continents suggests both ge- netic and phenotypic variation exists between native and introduced ranges. As such, house sparrows represent an excellent op- portunity to study adaptations to novel environments and how these adaptations are derived. The global distribution of this spe- cies and the multiple independent introductions to geographically isolated sites allow researchers to ask questions regarding ge- netic variation and adaptation on a global scale. Here, we summarize the molecular studies of invasive house sparrows from the earliest work using allozymes through more recent work on epigenetics; using these studies, we discuss patterns of dispersal of this species. We then discuss future directions in techniques （e.g. next generation sequencing） and how they will provide new in- sight into questions that are fundamental to invasion biology. Finally, we discuss how continued research on the house sparrow in light of these genetic changes and adaptations will elucidate answers of adaptation, invasion biology, range expansion, and resi- lience in vertebrate systems generally

关键词： House sparrow Invasive Passer domesticus

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Lipoprotein metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2013年第1期27卷 1-13页

作者： Zhenghui Gordon Jiang simon c. Robson Zemin Yao Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Gastroenterology CLS612Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and ImmunologyOttawa Institute of Systems BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntario KIH 8M5Canada

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）, an pathologies characterized by fatty accumulation in escalating health problem worldwide, covers a spectrum of hepatocytes in early stages, with potential progression to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and failure. A close, yet poorly understood link exists between NAFLD and dyslipidemia, a constellation of abnormalities in plasma lipoproteins including triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins are a group of primarily liver-derived proteins found in serum lipoproteins; they not only play an extracellular role in lipid transport between vital organs through circulation, but also play an important intracellu- lar role in hepatic lipoprotein assembly and secretion. The liver functions as the central hub for lipoprotein metab- olism, as it dictates lipoprotein production and to a significant extent modulates lipoprotein clearance. Lipoprotein metabolism is an integral component of hepatocellular lipid homeostasis and is implicated in the pathogenesis, potential diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD.

关键词： nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) hepatic steatosis nonalcoholic steatohepatitis apolipo-protein lipoprotein metabolism very low density lipoprotein

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Oil-bearing fluid inclusions from the Palaeoproterozoic:A review of biogeochemical results from time-capsules >2.0 Ga old

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Science china Earth Sciences 2009年第1期52卷 1-11页

作者： simon c. GEORGE Adriana DUTKIEWIcZ Herbert VOLK John RIDLEY David J. MOSSMAN Roger BUIcK Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Macquarie University School of Geosciences University of Sydney cSIRO Petroleum Department of Geosciences Colorado State University Department of Geography Mount Allison University Department of Earth and Space Sciences & Astrobiology Program University of Washington

The observation of oil inclusions trapped prior to 2.0 Ga in Palaeoproterozoic rocks and the ability to obtain detailed molecular geochemical information from them provide a robust way for understanding the early biog... 详细信息

关键词： Palaeoproterozoic fluid inclusion oil biomarker blank

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Population growth, trophic level, and reproductive biology of two congeneric archer fishes (Toxotes chatareus, Hamilton 1822 and Toxotes jaculatrix, Pallas 1767) inhabiting Malaysian coastal waters

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2009年第12期10卷 902-911页

作者： K. D. simon Y. BAKAR A. SAMAT c. c. ZAIDI A. AZIZ A. G. MAZLAN Marine Science Programme School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM Bangi Selangor D.E. Malaysia Biology Programme School of Biological Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM Bangi Selangor D.E. Malaysia Marine Ecosystem Research centre Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM Bangi Selangor D.E. Malaysia Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia43400 Serdang Selangor D.E. Malaysia

Population growth, trophic level, and some aspects of reproductive biology of two congeneric archer fish species, Toxotes chatareus and Toxotes jaculatrix, collected from Johor coastal waters, Malaysia, were studied. Growth pattern by length-weight relationship (W=aLb) for the sexes differed, and exhibited positive allometric growth (male, female and combined sexes of T. chatareus; female and combined sexes of T. jaculatrix) and isometric growth (male samples of T. jaculatrix only). Trophic levels of both species were analyzed based on 128 specimens. The results show that, in both species, crustaceans and insects were the most abundant prey items, and among crustaceans the red clawed crab Sesarma bidens and Formicidae family insects were the most represented taxa. The estimated mean trophic levels for T. chatareus and T. jaculatrix were 3.422±0.009 and 3.420±0.020, respectively, indicating that they are largely carnivores. Fecundity of T. chatareus ranged from 38 354 to 147 185 eggs for females with total length ranging from 14.5 to 22.5 cm and total body weight from 48.7 to 270.2 g, and T. jaculatrix 25 251 to 150 456 eggs for females with total length ranging from 12.2 to 23.0 cm and total body weight from 25.7 to 275.0 g. Differences in values of gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes calculated for both species in this study may have resulted from uneven sample size ranges.

关键词： Archer fish Toxotidae Mangrove Estuary Predator Growth Reproduction

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The double helium-white dwarf channel for the formation of AM cVn binaries

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第1期18卷 101-112页

作者： Xian-Fei Zhang Jin-Zhong Liu c.simon Jeffery Philip D.Hall Shao-Lan Bi Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Armagh Observatory and Planetarium College Hill School of Physics Trinity College Dublin

Most close double helium white dwarfs will merge within a Hubble time due to orbital decay by gravitational wave ***,a significant fraction with low mass ratios will survive for a long time as a consequence of stable mass *** stable mass transfer between two helium white dwarfs（He WDs） provides one channel for the production of AM cVn binary *** previous calculations of double He WD progenitors,the accreting He WD was treated as a point *** have computed the evolution of 16 double He WD models in order to investigate the consequences of treating the evolution of both components in *** find that the boundary between binaries having stable and unstable mass transfer is slightly modified by this *** comparing with observed periods and mass ratios,we redetermine masses of eight known AM cVn stars by our double He WDs channel,*** cnc,AM cVn,V406 Hya,J0926,J1240,GP com,Gaia14 aae and V396 *** propose that central spikes in the triple-peaked emission spectra of J1240,GP com and V396 Hya and the surface abundance ratios of N/c/O in GP com can be explained by the stable double He WD *** mass estimates derived from our calculations are used to discuss the predicted gravitational wave signal in the context of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna（LISA） project.

关键词： stars:peculiar(helium) stars:white dwarfs binaries:close gravitational waves

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从肉到土豆:鲁斯·尾关访谈(英文)

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外国文学研究 2009年第6期31卷 1-14页

作者： simon c. Estok 韩国成均馆大学

"从肉到土豆"这一表述反映了鲁斯·尾关从一个在纽黑文阅读文学经典的儿童成长为一位纽约的电影制作人,再成长为当前的畅销小说作者和获奖作家的全过程。在本篇访谈中,她就种族主义、环境危机、政治激进主义、怀孕与堕胎、艺术过程等问... 详细信息

"从肉到土豆"这一表述反映了鲁斯·尾关从一个在纽黑文阅读文学经典的儿童成长为一位纽约的电影制作人,再成长为当前的畅销小说作者和获奖作家的全过程。在本篇访谈中,她就种族主义、环境危机、政治激进主义、怀孕与堕胎、艺术过程等问题阐发了自己的观点,特别讨论了她在创作她的两部小说过程中面临的困境,回答了她在小说中所提出的问题。这两部小说向读者提出了一些实质性的问题,如21世纪的真实性、混杂性的问题(例如,《食肉之年》中简·小田垣及其杂糅的文化传统、《天下苍生》中的转基因农作物等)。同时,她的小说还预示了一个新方向,即小说题材本身正在导致科学与虚构之间对抗性的弱化,导致两者疆界的模糊。尾关在《食肉之年》中使用尾注和文献索引将她的作品同时置于虚构世界和真实世界,从而其小说理念也具有了混杂性。本篇是笔者在2009年6月5日在加拿大维多利亚大学对尾关进行访谈的一部分,发表时做了适当编辑。

关键词：鲁斯·尾关写作过程食物文学环境种族混杂性

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current and future applications of in vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy in hepatobiliary disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第30期12卷 4773-4783页

作者： I Jane cox Amar Sharif Jeremy FL cobbold Howard c Thomas simon D Taylor-Robinson Imaging Sciences Department Division of Clinical Sciences Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital Campus Du Cane Road London W12 OHS United Kingdom Department of Medicine Division of Medi-cine Imperial College London St Mary's Campus London W2 United Kingdom

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows the study of cellular biochemistry and metabolism, both in the whole body in vivo and at higher magnetic field strengths in vitro. Since the technique is non-invasive and non-selective, magnetic resonance spectroscopy methodologies have been widely applied in biochemistry and medicine. In vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of cells, body fluids and tissues have been used in medical biochemistry to investigate pathophysiologi- cal processes and more recently, the technique has been used by physicians to determine disease abnormalities in vivo. This highlighted topic illustrates the potential of in vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy in studying the hepatobiliary system. The role of in vitro proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the study of malignant and non-malignant liver disease and bile composition studies are discussed, particularly with reference to correlative in vivo whole-body magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications. In summary, magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques can provide non-invasive biochemical information on disease severity and pointers to underlying pathophysiological processes. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy holds potential promise as a screening tool for disease biomarkers, as well as assessing therapeutic response.

关键词： Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Liver Hepatobiliary disease Membrane metabolism

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Annotated expressed sequence tags and xenobiotic detoxification in the aphid Myzus persicae （Sulzer）

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Insect Science 2007年第1期14卷 29-45页

作者： c.c. FIGUEROA N. PRUNIER-LETERME c. RISPE F. SEPOLVEDA E. FUENTES-cONTRERAS B. SABATER-MUNOZ J.-c. simon D. TAGU Instituto de Ecologia y Evolucion Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile INRA Rennes UMR 1099 BiO3P INRA - Agrocampus BP 35327 35653 Le Rheucedex France and Departamento de Produccion Agrfcola Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Talca Talca Chile

Aphids （Hemiptera： Aphididae） are phytophagous insects that are important agricultural pests. The enormous negative economic impacts caused by aphids worldwide are well known, and are mostly due to their high multiplication rate and the transmission of phytopathogenic viruses. Aphid management strategies mainly involve chemical treatments which are pollutants and are increasingly inefficient, since aphids have developed multiple insecticide-resistant mechanisms. Among the most economically important species is the green peach aptfid Myzus persicae Sulzer （Aphididae： Macrosiphini）, which is able to colonize a wide range of host plants belonging to many different families, and transmits numerous plant viruses. Because of its large prevalence, M. persicae has been the target of massive insecticide treatments; consequently, it has evolved several insecticide-resistant mechanisms. In this work, a collection of expressed genes from M. persicae is presented in order to identify putative genes involved in xenobiotic detoxification. After cDNA cloning and sequencing, 959 expressed sequence tags （EST） were annotated. Most sequences matched known genes corresponded to metabolism proteins （26%）, ribosomal proteins （ 23 % ） and structural proteins （8%）. Among them, several sequences corresponded to proteins putatively involved in sensing, degradation or detoxification of plant xenobiotic products.

关键词： aphid detoxification EST genomics insect-plant relationships Myzuspersicae

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Assessment of postcombustion carbon capture technologies for power generation

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Frontiers of chemical Science and Engineering 2010年第2期4卷 184-195页

作者： Mikel c.DUKE Bradley LADEWIG simon SMART Victor RUDOLPH João c.Diniz da cOSTA Institute for Sustainability and Innovation Victoria UniversityWerribee CampusPO Box 14428MelbourneVictoria 8001Australia Department of chemical Engineering Monash UniversityClayton Vic 3182Australia School of chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbane Qld 4072Australia

A significant proportion of power generation stems from coal-combustion processes and accordingly represents one of the largest point sources of cO_(2)emissions *** power plants are major assets with large infrastructure and engineering units and an operating life span of up to 50 ***,any process design modification to reduce greenhouse gas emissions may require significant *** of the best options to utilize existing infrastructure is to retrofit the power station fleet by adding a separation process to the flue gas,a practice known as postcombustion capture(Pcc).This review examines the recent Pcc development and provides a summary and assessment of the state of play in this area and its potential applicability to the power generation *** major players including the various institutes,government,and industry consortia are identified along with flue gas Pcc demonstration scale *** the Pcc technologies reviewed,amine-based absorption is preeminent,being both the most mature and able to be adapted immediately,to the appropriate scale,for power station flue gas with minimal technical ***,current commercial applications serve niches in the merchant cO_(2)market,while a substantial number of smaller scale test facilities are reported in the literature with actual cO_(2)capture motivated demonstrations now *** membrane/absorption systems,also known as membrane contactors,offer the potential for the lowest energy requirements,possibly 10%of current direct scrubbers but are at an early stage of *** methods being actively pursued as R&D projects include solid absorbents,solid adsorbents,gas membrane separators,and cryogenic *** variety and different maturities of these competing technologies make technical comparison largely subjective,but useful insights could be gained through the development and application of econometric techniques such as‘real options’within this ***

关键词： post-carbon capture amine absorption adsorption membranes technology assessment

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campylobacterjejuni in Musca domestica： An examination of survival and transmission potential in light of the innate immune responses of the house flies

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 584-598页

作者： carson Gill simon Bahrndorff carl Lowenberger Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC Canada National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark

The house fly, Musca domestica, has been implicated as a vector of campy- lobacter spp., a major cause of human disease. Little is known whether house flies serve as biological amplifying hosts or mechanical vectors for campylobacterjejuni. We in- vestigated the period after c. jejuni had been ingested by house flies in which viable c. jejuni colonies could be isolated from whole bodies, the vomitus and the excreta of adult M. domestica and evaluated the activation of innate immune responses of house flies to ingested c. jejuni over time. c. jejuni could be cultured from infected houseflies soon after ingestion but no countable c. jejuni colonies were observed 〉 24 h postingestion. We detected viable c. jejuni in house fly vomitus and excreta up to 4 h after ingestion, but no viable bacteria were detected 〉 8 h. Suppression subtractive hybridization identi- fied pathogen-induced gene expression in the intestinal tracts of adult house flies 4-24 h after ingesting c. jejuni. We measured the expression of immune regulatory （thor, JNK, and spheroide） and effector （cecropin, diptericin, attacin, defensing, and lysozyme） genes in c. jejuni-infected and -uninfected house flies using quantitative real time PcR. Some house fly factor, or combination of factors, eliminates c. jejuni within 24 h postingestion. Because c. jejuni is not amplified within the body of the housefly, this insect likely serves as a mechanical vector rather than as a true biological, amplifying vector for c. jejuni, and adds to our understanding of insect pathogen interactions.

关键词： antimicrobial peptides campylobacter spp. campylobacteriosis house fly innate immunity Musca domestica suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) vector

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