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Low prevalence of epilepsy and onchocerciasis after more than 20 years of ivermectin treatment in the Imo River Basin in Nigeria

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第1期8卷 36-44页

作者： Joseph N.F.Siewe Chinyere N.Ukaga Ernest o.Nwazor Murphy o.Nwoke Modebelu C.Nwokeji Blessing C.onuoha simon o.nwanjor Joel okeke Kate osahor Lilian Chimechefulam Ann I.ogomaka Augustine A.Amaechi Chika I.Ezenwa Monika N.Ezike Chidimma I.kpeama ogechi Nwachukwu Austine I.Eriama-Joseph Berthram E.B.Nwoke Robert Colebunders Global Health Institute University of AntwerpCam pus Drie EikenDoornstraat 3312610 WilrijkAntwerpBelgium Imo State University OwerriNigeria Federal Medical Centre OwerriNigeria Madonna University Teaching Hospital EleleNigeria Imo State Ministry of Health OwerriNigeria

Background:High epilepsy prevalence and incidence have been reported in areas with high onchocerciasis *** findings suggest that proper community-directed treatment with ivermectin(CDTI)is potentially able to prevent onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(oAE).We assessed the epilepsy prevalence and onchocerciasis transmission in two Nigerian villages following more than 20 years of ***:A cross-sectional door-to-door survey was performed in two villages in the Imo River Basin reported to be mesoendomic for onchocerciasis(Umuoparaodu and Umuezeala).Individuals were screened for epilepsy using a validated 5-item *** suspected to have epilepsy were examined by a neurologist or a physician with training in epilepsy for *** was investigated via skin snip microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests for ov16 *** were compared with previous findings from the Imo river ***:A total of 843 individuals from 257 households in the two villages were *** detected four persons with epilepsy(PWE)giving a crude epilepsy prevalence of 0.5%.This finding differs from observations reported 14 years ago which showed an epilepsy prevalence of 2.8%in the neighbouring village of Umulolo(P=0.0001),and 1.2%from 13 villages in the Imo river basin(P=0.07).The seroprevalence of ov16 antibodies was found to be 0%.only 4.6%of skin snips were positive compared to 26.8%in previous surveys(Pon coverage in the study sites in 2017 was 79.7%.Conclusions:A low epilepsy and onchocerciasis prevalence was observed following more than 20 years of CDTI in the Imo River *** of ov16 antibodies indicates minimal transmission of *** results contrast with observations from areas of high onchocerciasis transmission,where epilepsy prevalence and incidence remain *** from this study suggest that sustained efforts could eventually achieve elimination of onch

关键词： Epilepsy onchocerciasis Nigeria Ivermectin ov16

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Characterization of artificial spherical particles for DEM validation studies

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Particuology 2012年第2期10卷 209-220页

作者： Ignazio Cavarretta Catherine o'Sullivan Erdin Ibraim Martin Lings simon Hamlin David Muir Wood Division of Civil Chemical and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Department of Civil Engineering University of BristolBristol BS81TRUK

This paper describes a study in which advanced particle-scale characterization was carried out on spherical particles that can be used in experimental tests to validate discrete element method （DEM） simulations. Two types of particle, alkaline and borosilicate glass beads, made from two different materials, were con- sidered. The particle shape, stiffness, contact friction properties and surface roughness were measured. The influences of hardness and roughness on the mechanical response of the particles were carefully considered. Compared to the alkaline beads, the borosilicate beads were more spherical and more uniform in size, and they exhibited mechanical characteristics closer to natural quartz sand. While only two material types were studied, the work has the broader implication as a methodology for selecting particles suitable for use in DEM studies and the key parameters that should be considered in the selection process are highlighted.

关键词： Particle characterizationGlass beadsDEM

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Bacterial composition associated with different traditions of salted and dried fish across countries

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Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 320-326页

作者： simon Bahrndorff simon Menanteau-Ledouble simone Stidsborg Niels o.G.Jørgensen Md Sazedul Hoque Jeppe Lund Nielsen Section of Bioscience and Engineering Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityFredrik Bajers Vej 7HDK-9220Aalborg EastDenmark Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK-1871FrederiksbergDenmark Department of Fisheries Technology Patuakhali Science and Technology UniversityDumkiPatuakhali8602Bangladesh

Drying of fish to improve storage capabilities, often under hyperosmotic conditions, is a widespread and longstanding practice in many cultures throughout the world. Several drying practices are applied, and they often reflect a cultural influence. The purpose of drying is to preserve fish by lowering the availability of water to microorganisms. However, because drying of fish is globally widespread and drying procedures are very diverse, microbial communities occurring in the dried fish products might differ. In this study, 63 dried fish products, prepared from 8 different fish species, were collected from several parts of the world (Greenland, Iceland, Denmark, Norway, the Faroe Islands, Japan, and Bangladesh) and the microbiotas from these products were analysed and compared following amplification and sequencing of the V4-region of the 16S rRNA. overall, the dominant bacterial taxa associated with the fish were the genera Photobacterium , Psychrobacteria , Vibrio , and Pseudomonas , but large differences occurred across samples with a strong influence of the country of origin (in particular samples from Bangladesh) and salinity of the fish products. Moreover, industrially processed filets were readily distinguishable from traditionally processed ones. In contrast, the fish species from which the filets were prepared appeared to have less effect. These results suggest that drying practices can have a strong effect on the microbiota of the resulting products. For several of the fish species tested, this constitutes the first report regarding the composition of the microbiota associated with the resulting fish products.

关键词： Microbiome Cod Preservation Fermentation Dried Salted

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Quasi-morphisms via Local Action Data and Quasi-isometries

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Algebra Colloquium 2016年第1期23卷 111-116页

作者： Gabi Ben-simon Department of Mathematics ORT Braude College P.O. Box 78 Karmiel 2161002 Israel

In this work we first present a principle which says that quasi-morphisms can be obtained via local data of group action on certain appropriate spaces. In a rough manner the principle says that instead of starting with a given group and trying to build or study its space of quasi-morphisms, we should start with a space with a certain structure, in such a way that groups acting on this space and respecting this structure will automatically carry quasi-morphisms, where these are supposed to be better understood. This principle plays an important role in the second result of this paper, which is a universal embedding of the projective space of the linear space of quasi-morphisms of any given countable group, into the space of quasi-isometries of a certain universal metric space.

关键词： quasi-rnorphisms discrete groups quasi-isometries

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Inheritance patterns of secondary symbionts during sexual reproduction of pea aphid biotypes

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Insect Science 2014年第3期21卷 291-300页

作者： Jean Peccoud Joêl Bonhomme Frédérique Mahéo Manon de la Huerta olivier Cosson Jean-Christophe simon INRA Institut de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes (UMR IGEPP) Domaine de La Motte 35653 le Rheu cedex France

Herbivorous insects frequently harbor bacterial symbionts that affect their ecol- ogy and evolution. Aphids host the obligatory endosymbiont Buchnera, which is requiredfor reproduction, together with facultative symbionts whose frequencies vary across aphid populations. These maternally transmitted secondary symbionts have been particularlystudied in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, which harbors at least 8 distinct bacterial species （not counting Buchnera） having environmentally dependent effects on host *** particular, these symbiont species are associated with pea aphid populations feeding on specific plants. Although they are maternally inherited, these bacteria are occasionallytransferred across insect lineages. one mechanism of such nonmaternal transfer is paternal transmission to the progeny during sexual reproduction. To date, transmission of secondarysymbionts during sexual reproduction of aphids has been investigated in only a handful of aphid lineages and 3 symbiont species. To better characterize this process, we investigatedinheritance patterns of 7 symbiont species during sexual reproduction of pea aphids through a crossing experiment involving 49 clones belonging to 9 host-specialized biotypes, and117 crosses. Symbiont species in the progeny were detected with diagnostic qualitative PCR at the fundatrix stage hatching from eggs and in later parthenogenetic *** found no confirmed case of paternal transmission of symbionts to the progeny, and we observed that maternal transmission of a particular symbiont species （Serratia symbiotica）was quite inefficient. We discuss these observations in respect to the ecology of the pea aphid.

关键词： bacteria Homoptera paternal inheritance phytophagous insects symbiosis transmission failure

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Linking gold mineralization to regional-scale drivers of mineral systems using in situ U-Pb geochronology and pyrite LA-ICP-MS element mapping

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 89-105页

作者： Imogen o.H.Fielding simon P.Johnson Sebastien Meffre Jianwei Zi Stephen Sheppard Ross R.Large Birger Rasmusseng Department of Applied Geology Curtin University Geological Survey of Western Australia CoDES ARC Centre of Excellence in ore Deposits University of Tasmania State Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan John de Laeter Centre Curtin University Calidus Resources Ltd School of Earth Sciences The University of Western Australia

Proterozoic orogens commonly host a range of hydrothermal ores that form in diverse tectonic settings at different times. However, the link between mineralization and the regional-scale tectonothermal evolution of orogens is usually not well understood, especially in areas subject to multiple hydrothermal ***-scale drivers for mineral systems vary between the different classes of hydrothermal ore, but all involve an energy source and a fluid pathway to focus mineralizing fluids into the upper crust. The Mount olympus gold deposit in the Proterozoic Capricorn orogen of Western Australia, was regarded as an orogenic gold deposit that formed at ca. 1738 Ma during the assembly of Proterozoic Australia. However,the trace element chemistry of the pyrite crystals closely resembles those of the Carlin deposits of Nevada,with rims that display solid solution gold accompanied by elevated As, Cu, Sb, Hg, and Tl, surrounding gold-poor cores. New SHRIMP UeP b dating of xenotime intergrown with auriferous pyrite and ore-stage alteration minerals provided a weighted mean^(207) Pb*/^(206) Pb* date of 1769 ± 5 Ma, interpreted as the age of gold mineralization. This was followed by two discrete episodes of hydrothermal alteration at 1727 ± 7 Ma and 1673 ± 8 Ma. The three ages are linked to multiple reactivation of the crustal-scale Nanjilgardy Fault during repeated episodes of intracratonic reworking. The regional-scale drivers for Carlin-like gold mineralization at Mount olympus are related to a change in tectonic regime during the final stages of the intracratonic 1820 -1770 Ma Capricorn orogeny. our results suggest that substantial sized Carlin-like gold deposits can form in an intracratonic setting during regional-scale crustal reworking.

关键词： Geochronology Xenotime SHRIMP LA-ICP-MS Gold mineralization Capricorn orogen

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Upper esophageal sphincter abnormalities are strongly predictive of treatment response in patients with achalasia

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第9期2卷 448-454页

作者： simon C Mathews Maria Ciarleglio Yamile Haito Chavez John o Clarke Ellen Stein Bani Chander Roland Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore MD 21224 United States School of Public Health Yale UniversityNew Haven CT 06520 United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore MD 21224 United States

AIM: To investigate the relationship between upper esophageal sphincter abnormalities achalasia treatment METHoDS: We performed a retrospective study of 41 consecutive patients referred for high resolution esophageal manometry with a final manometric diagnosis of achalasia. Patients were sub-divided by presence or absence of Upper esophageal sphincter(UES) abnormality, and clinical and manometric profiles were *** between UES abnormality and sub-type(i.e.,hypertensive, hypotensive or impaired relaxation) and a number of variables, including qualitative treatment response, achalasia sub-type, co-morbid medical illness,psychiatric illness, surgical history, dominant presentingsymptom, treatment type, age and gender were also ***: Among all 41 patients, 24(58.54%) had a UES abnormality present. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, gender or any other clinical or demographic profiles. Among those with UES abnormalities, the majority were either hypertensive(41.67%) or had impaired relaxation(37.5%) as compared to hypotensive(20.83%), although this did not reach statistical significance(P = 0.42). There was no specific association between treatment response and treatment type received; however, there was a significant association between UES abnormalities and treatment response. In patients with achalasia and concomitant UES abnormalities, 87.5% had poor treatment response, while only 12.5% had favorable response. In contrast, in patients with achalasia and no UES abnormalities, the majority(78.57%) had good treatment response, as compared to 21.43% with poor treatment response(P = 0.0001). After controlling for achalasia sub-type, those with UES abnormality had 26 times greater odds of poor treatment response than those with no UES abnormality(P = 0.009). Similarly, after controlling for treatment type, those with UES abnormality had 13.9 times greater odds of poor treatment response compared to those w

关键词： Upper esophageal sphincter Achalasia Motility Dysphagia Esophageal disorders

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Experimental investigation of fluidized-bed reactor performance for oxidative coupling of methane

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2012年第5期21卷 534-543页

作者： S.Jašo S.Sadjadi H.R.Godini U.simon S.Arndt o.Görke A.Berthold H.Arellano-Garcia H.Schubert R.Schomäcker G.Wozny Chair of Process Dynamics and operation Berlin Institute of TechnologyStraβe des 17 Juni 135Sekr.KWT910623 BerlinGermany Institute for Material Science and Technologies Berlin Institute of TechnologyHardenbergstr.4010623 BerlinGermany Institute for Technical Chemistry Berlin Institute of TechnologyStraβe des 17 Juni 12410623 BerlinGermany

Performance of the oxidative coupling of methane in fluidized-bed reactor was experimentally investigated using Mn-Na2Wo4/Sio2,La2o3/Cao and La2o3-Sro/Cao *** catalysts were found to be stable,especially Mn-Na2Wo4/Sio2 *** effect of sodium content of this catalyst was analyzed and the challenge of catalyst agglomeration was addressed using proper catalyst composition of 2%Mn2.2%Na2Wo4/*** other two catalysts,the effect of Lanthanum-Strontium content was analyzed and 10%La2o 3-20%Sro/Cao catalyst was found to provide higher ethylene yield than La2o3/Cao ***,the effect of operating parameters such as temperature and methane to oxygen ratio were also *** highest ethylene and ethane （C2） yield was achieved with the lowest methane to oxygen ratio around 2.40.5% selectivity to ethylene and ethane and 41% methane conversion were achieved over La2o3-Sro/Cao catalyst while over Mn-Na2Wo4 /Sio2 catalyst,40% and 48% were recorded,***,the consecutive effects of nitrogen dilution,ethylene to ethane production ratio and other performance indicators on the down-stream process units were qualitatively discussed and Mn-Na2Wo4/Sio2 catalyst showed a better performance in the reactor and process scale analysis.

关键词： oxidative coupling of methane (oCM) fluidized-bed reactor catalyst stability

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In vitro corrosion behaviour of phenolic coated nickel–titanium surfaces

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Biosurface and Biotribology 2020年第1期6卷 25-30页

作者： simon Longela Athanasios Chatzitakis IRC Tz P.O.Box 106048Dar es SalaamTanzania Department of Chemistry Centre for Materials Science and NanotechnologyUniversity of OsloFERMiOGaustadalléen 21NO-0349 OsloNorway

The biocompatibility of implantable nickel-titanium biomaterials relies on the quality of their *** this study,nickel-titanium surfaces are coated with phenolic thin films of tannic acid and pyrogallol with the purpose of studying their corrosion resistance in physiological *** tests are performed:the open-circuit potential test,potentiodynamic polarisation and potentiostatic electrochemical impedance *** measurements are scrutinised in order to gain knowledge concerning the kinetics of the cathodic and anodic reactions,while the open-circuit potentials and impedance spectroscopy help to study the electrolyte-surficial *** is found that coating nitinol with polyphenols results in the depletion of the native oxide layer and thus a decrease of corrosion *** treated nitinol surfaces(with a corrosion rate of 0.119 mm/year)are half as electrochemically corrosion resistive as tannic acid-coated ***,it is proposed that tannic treated nitinol would be a better option if implanted on biomaterial surfaces.

关键词： spectroscopy titanium phenolic

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Assessment of postcombustion carbon capture technologies for power generation

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010年第2期4卷 184-195页

作者： Mikel C.DUKE Bradley LADEWIG simon SMART Victor RUDoLPH João C.Diniz da CoSTA Institute for Sustainability and Innovation Victoria UniversityWerribee CampusPO Box 14428MelbourneVictoria 8001Australia Department of Chemical Engineering Monash UniversityClayton Vic 3182Australia School of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbane Qld 4072Australia

A significant proportion of power generation stems from coal-combustion processes and accordingly represents one of the largest point sources of Co_(2)emissions *** power plants are major assets with large infrastructure and engineering units and an operating life span of up to 50 ***,any process design modification to reduce greenhouse gas emissions may require significant *** of the best options to utilize existing infrastructure is to retrofit the power station fleet by adding a separation process to the flue gas,a practice known as postcombustion capture(PCC).This review examines the recent PCC development and provides a summary and assessment of the state of play in this area and its potential applicability to the power generation *** major players including the various institutes,government,and industry consortia are identified along with flue gas PCC demonstration scale *** the PCC technologies reviewed,amine-based absorption is preeminent,being both the most mature and able to be adapted immediately,to the appropriate scale,for power station flue gas with minimal technical ***,current commercial applications serve niches in the merchant Co_(2)market,while a substantial number of smaller scale test facilities are reported in the literature with actual Co_(2)capture motivated demonstrations now *** membrane/absorption systems,also known as membrane contactors,offer the potential for the lowest energy requirements,possibly 10%of current direct scrubbers but are at an early stage of *** methods being actively pursued as R&D projects include solid absorbents,solid adsorbents,gas membrane separators,and cryogenic *** variety and different maturities of these competing technologies make technical comparison largely subjective,but useful insights could be gained through the development and application of econometric techniques such as‘real options’within this ***

关键词： post-carbon capture amine absorption adsorption membranes technology assessment

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