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modelling surface runoff using the soil conservation service-curve number method in a drought prone agro-ecological zone in Rwanda

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第1期7卷 9-17页

作者： Dieudonne Uwizeyimana Stephen m.mureithi simon m.mvuyekure George Karuku Geoffrey Kironchi Department of Land Resource management and Agricultural Technology University of NairobiP.O Box 2905300625 NairobiKenya ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources of Rwanda P.O.Box 6961KigaliRwanda Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board P.O.Box 5016KigaliRwanda

Runoff farming is reported to improve land productivity and crop yields in hot and dry *** study was conducted to assess the available rainwater that can be harvested in a conserved catchment in a drought prone agro-ecological *** study was carried out in the Cyili sub-catchment,southern province of Rwanda,which has an irregular rainfall pattern and unexploited runoff *** Conservation Service-Curve Number method (SCS-CN),CROPWAT model version 8 and Hazen model with an average daily rainfall data recorded from 1971 to 2016 were applied to estimate the runoff and water requirements in the study *** of the study revealed that more than half rainfall water received in the catchment was lost through runoff (229.8 mm) and effective rainfall was lower (246.9 mm) than the actual crop water requirement for maize (330 mm).The expected seasonal surface runoff volume to be harvested by the farmers was 3008 m3 ha-1 per season and 1.29 × 106 m3 per season for the entire whole sub-catchment (430 ha).Based on Hazen model,the return period of low rainfall (dry spell) event would be expected every 2 years with a 98% probability of *** sub-catchment has higher potential runoff volume to stabilize the deficit of water demand in the period of short rainy *** suggests that rainwater harvesting through supplementary irrigation is an option to improve the crop yield in the dry period as well as in the annual dry season.

关键词： Available rainwater Cyili sub-Catchment Curve number Runoff Rwanda

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Optimizing non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for treatment in stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第12期20卷 3388-3399页

作者： Sheharyar S.Baig Samantha Dorney mudasar Aziz simon m.Bell Ali N.Ali Li Su Jessica N.Redgrave Arshad majid Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust DoncasterUK

Stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability *** is an unmet need for neuromodulatory therapies that can mitigate against neurovascular injury and potentially promote neurological *** vagus nerve stimulation has been demonstrated to show potential therapeutic effects in both acute and chronic ***,previously published research has only investigated a narrow range of stimulation settings and *** this review,we detail the ongoing studies of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in stroke through systematic searches of registered clinical *** summarize the upcoming clinical trials of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in stroke,highlighting their indications,parameter settings,scope,and *** further explore the challenges and barriers associated with the implementation of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in acute stroke and stroke rehabilitation,focusing on critical aspects such as stimulation settings,target groups,biomarkers,and integration with rehabilitation interventions.

关键词： neuromodulation neuroplasticity rehabilitation stroke vagal nerve stimulation vagus nerve stimulation

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Fever without source in infants aged 22–60 days:how laboratory tests perform at identifying bacterial infections and predicting the need for a lumbar puncture?

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World Journal of Emergency medicine 2025年第1期16卷 74-77页

作者： Keven Vachon Geneviève Gravel Samuel Leduc Alexandra Larouche myriam mallet David simonyan mahukpe Narcisse Ulrich Singbo Julie Ouellet-Pelletier simon Berthelot Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-UniversitéLaval Population Health and Optimal Health Practices AxisQuébec G1V 4G2Canada Faculty of medicine UniversitéLavalQuébec G1V 0A6Canada Centre Hospitalier de l’UniversitéLaval(CHUL) Québec G1V 4G2Canada

Febrile infants are at greater risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBI),which include bacterial meningitis and *** bacterial meningitis is uncommon,^([1-2])it remains a concern for clinicians treating infants younger than 90 *** for investigating fever without a source(meaning without an apparent source of infection,or of nonobvious origin) are numerous around the world but remain conflicting,particularly on whether to perform a lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in infants older than 22 d and hence at lower risk than younger infants.

关键词： puncture infections lumbar

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Computational Intelligence and Games:Challenges and Opportunities

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2008年第1期5卷 45-57页

作者： simon m.Lucas Centre for Computational Intelligence Department of Computing and Electronic SystemsUniversity of EssexColchester CO4 3SQUK

The last few decades have seen a phenomenal increase in the quality, diversity and pervasiveness of computer games. The worldwide computer games market is estimated to be worth around USD 21bn annually, and is predicted to continue to grow rapidly. This paper reviews some of the recent developments in applying computational intelligence （CI） methods to games, points out some of the potential pitfalls, and suggests some fruitful directions for future research.

关键词： Games machine learning evolution temporal difference learning (TDL) neural networks n-tuple systems

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molecular dynamics simulation of the Stribeck curve: Boundary lubrication, mixed lubrication, and hydrodynamic lubrication on the atomistic level

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Friction 2023年第12期11卷 2342-2366页

作者： simon STEPHAN Sebastian SCHmITT Hans HASSE Herbert m.URBASSEK Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics(LTD) Department of Mechanical and Process EngieeringTU KaiserslauternRheinland-Pfalz 67663Germany Physics Department and Research Center(OPTImAS) TU KaiserslauternRheinland-Pfalz 67663Germany

Lubricated contact processes are studied using classical molecular dynamics simulations for determining the entire range of the Stribeck ***,the lateral movement of two solid bodies at different gap height are *** each simulation,a rigid asperity is moved at constant height above a flat iron surface in a lubricating *** methane and decane are considered as *** three main lubrication regimes of the Stribeck curve and their transition regions are covered by the study:Boundary lubrication(significant elastic and plastic deformation of the substrate),mixed lubrication(adsorbed fluid layer dominates the process),and hydrodynamic lubrication(shear flow is set up between the surface and the asperity).We find the formation of a tribofilm in which lubricant molecules are immersed into the metal surface—not only in the case of scratching,but also for boundary lubrication and mixed *** formation of a tribofilm is found to have important consequences for the contact ***,the two fluids are found to show distinctly different behavior in the three lubrication regimes:For hydrodynamic lubrication(large gap height),decane yields a better tribological performance;for boundary lubrication(small gap height),decane shows a larger friction coefficient than methane,which is due to the different mechanisms observed for the formation of the tribofilm;the mixed lubrication regime can be considered as a transition regime between the two other ***,it is found that the nature of the tribofilm depends on the lubricant:While methane particles substitute substrate atoms sustaining mostly the crystalline structure,the decane molecules distort the substrate surface and an amorphous tribofilm is formed.

关键词： boundary lubrication mixed lubrication hydrodynamic lubrication molecular dynamics simulation tribofilm

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3D-QSAR analysis of a new type of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2007年第6期50卷 726-730页

作者： LEE simon m. Y Institute of Chinese medical Sciences University of Macao Av. Padre Tomas Pereira S. J. Taipa Macao China

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are an important class of medicinal agents used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. A screening model of AChE inhibitor was used to evaluate the inhibition of a series of phenyl pentenone derivatives. The assay result showed that some compounds displayed higher inhibitory effects. In order to study the relationship between the bioactivities; the structures, 26 compounds with phenyl pentenone scaffold were analyzed. A 3D-QSAR model was constructed using the method of comparative molecular field analysis (ComFA). The results of cross-validated R[2]cv=0.629, non-cross-validated R[2]=0.972, SE=0.331,; F=72.41 indicate that the 3D-model possesses an ability to predict the activities of new inhibitors,; the ComFA model would be useful for the future design of new AChE inhibitors.

关键词： acetylcholinesterase (AChE), comparative molecular field analysis (ComFA), phenyl pentenone derivatives

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An explainable AI framework for robust and transparent data-driven wind turbine power curve models

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 312-327页

作者： simon Letzgus Klaus-Robert müller machine Learning Group Technische Universitβe BerlinStraβe des 17.Juni 135Berlin10623Germany Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data Berlin10587Germany Department of Artificial Intelligence Korea UniversitySeoul136-713South Korea max Planck Institute for Informatics Saarbrücken66123Germany

In recent years,increasingly complex machine learning methods have become state-of-the-art in modelling wind turbine power curves based on operational *** these methods often exhibit superior performance on test sets,they face criticism due to a perceived lack of transparency and concerns about their robustness in dynamic,non-stationary environments encountered by wind *** this work,we address these issues and present a framework that leverages explainable artificial intelligence methods to gain systematic insights into data-driven power curve *** its core,we propose a metric to quantify how well a learned model strategy aligns with the underlying physical principles of the *** novel tool enables model validation beyond the conventional error metrics in an automated *** demonstrate,for instance,its capacity as an indicator for model generalization even when limited data is ***,it facilitates understanding how decisions made during the machine learning development process,such as data selection,pre-processing,or training parameters,affect learned *** a result,we obtain physically more reasonable models,a prerequisite not only for robustness but also for meaningful insights into turbine operation by domain *** latter,we illustrate in the context of wind turbine performance *** summary,the framework aims to guide researchers and practitioners alike toward a more informed selection and utilization of data-driven wind turbine power curve models.

关键词： Explainable AI(XAI) machine learning Wind energy Wind turbine power curve SCADA Condition monitoring

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Wrap choice during fundoplication

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第48期25卷 6876-6879页

作者： simon R Bramhall moustafa m mourad Department of Surgery The County HospitalHereford HR12ERUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery Worcester Royal InfirmaryWorcester WR51DDUnited Kingdom

Gastro-oesphageal reflux disease is an increasing health *** mainstay of treatment has conventionally been medical therapy but since the introduction of laparoscopic surgery laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery has been increasingly used for intractable symptoms or in patients unwilling to take long term *** Nissen 360 degree wrap has traditionally been considered the gold standard operation but can be associated with significant *** complications include“gas bloat”and dysphagia and can occur relatively *** modifications have been described to the original operation and some of these have been *** addition alternative wraps have been described which seem to have a reduced incidence of complications associated with their *** editorial discusses the various types of wrap that can be performed and the minimum requirements of the surgical *** evidence from a recent meta-analysis of the randomised data has suggested that an anterior wrap is associated with a lower rate of complications and gives just as good control of reflux *** advantages and disadvantages of an anterior wrap are *** lack of long term follow up data concerns some practitioners and at the moment the choice of wrap carried out still rests with the individual surgeon.

关键词： Fundoplication Wrap Laparoscopic Reflux disease Choice

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Identification of Differentially Senescing mutants of Wheat and Impacts on Yield,Biomass and Nitrogen Partitioning

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第8期54卷 555-566页

作者： Adinda P.Derkx simon Orford simon Griffiths m.John Foulkes malcolm J. Hawkesford Plant Biology and Crop Science Department Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK Division of Plant&Crop Sciences School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusNr LoughboroughLE12 5RDUK John Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkColneyNorwich NR4 7UHUK

Increasing photosynthetic capacity by extending canopy longevity during grain filling using slow senescing stay-green genotypes is a possible means to improve yield in wheat. Ethyl methanesulfonate （EmS） mutated wheat lines （Triticum aestivum L. cv. Paragon） were screened for fast and slow canopy senescence to investigate the impact on yield and nitrogen partitioning. Stay-green and fast-senescing lines with similar anthesis dates were characterised in detail. Delayed senescence was only apparent at higher nitrogen supply with low nitrogen supply enhancing the rate of senescence in all lines. In the stay-green line 3 （SG3）, on a whole plant basis, tiller and seed number increased whilst thousand grain weight （TGW） decreased; although a greater N uptake was observed in the main tiller, yield was not affected. In fast-senescing line 2 （FS2）, yield decreased, principally as a result of decreased TGW. Analysis of N-partitioning in the main stem indicated that although the slow-senescing line had lower biomass and consequently less nitrogen in all plant parts, the proportion of biomass and nitrogen in the flag leaf was greater at anthesis compared to the other lines; this contributed to the grain N and yield of the slow-senescing line at maturity in both the main tiller and in the whole plant. A field trial confirmed senescence patterns of the two lines, and the negative impact on yield for FS2 and a positive impact for SG3 at low N only. The lack of increased yield in the slow-senescing line was likely due to decreased biomass and additionally a possible sink limitation.

关键词： Wheat senescence stay-green grain-filling yield nitrogen.

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The Clock Protein CCA1 and the bZIP Transcription Factor HY5 Physically Interact to Regulate Gene Expression in Arabidopsis

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molecular Plant 2008年第1期1卷 58-67页

作者： Christos Andronis simon Barak Stephen m. Knowles Shoji Sugano Elaine m. Tobin Department of molecular Cell and Developmental Biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA

The circadian clock regulates the expression of an array of Arabidopsis genes such as those encoding the LIGHT-HARVESTING CHLOROPHYLL A/B （Lhcb） proteins. We have previously studied the promoters of two of these Arabidopsis genes-Lhcb1＊1 and Lhcb1＊3m-and identified a sequence that binds the clock protein CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 （CCA1）. This sequence, designated CCAl-binding site （CBS）, is necessary for phytochrome and circadian responsiveness of these genes. In close proximity to this sequence, there exists a G-box core element that has been shown to bind the bZIP transcription factor HY5 in other light-regulated plant promoters. In the present study, we examined the importance of the interaction of transcription factors binding the CBS and the G-box core element in the control of normal circadian rhythmic expression of Lhcb genes. Our results show that HY5 is able to specifically bind the G-box element in the Lhcb promoters and that CCA1 can alter the binding activity of HY5. We further show that CCA1 and HY5 can physically interact and that they can act synergistically on transcription in a yeast reporter gene assay. An absence of HY5 leads to a shorter period of Lhcbl＊l circadian expression but does not affect the circadian expression of CATALASE3 （CAT3）, whose promoter lacks a G-box element. Our results suggest that interaction of the HY5 and CCA1 proteins on Lhcb promoters is necessary for normal circadian expression of the Lhcb genes.

关键词： Biorhythms Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors Genes Transcription Factors Arabidopsis CCA1 gene CLOCK Proteins

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