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Exploring the Nexus between Climate Hazards and Conflict in Lamu County: Implications for Community Adaptation Action Plans

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第12期14卷 984-1005页

作者： Misiani Zachary simeon mwadiga Mohamed Abubakar Hindada Boneya Onyango Linet Amos Okello Mohamed Rashid Dirie Monica Orero International Center for Humanitarian Affairs Kenya Red Cross Society Nairobi Kenya Kenya Forestry Research Institute Nairobi Kenya County Government of Lamu Lamu Kenya Kenya Red Cross Training Institute Nairobi Kenya

This paper investigated the complex relationship between climate change and security in Lamu County, with focus on community perceptions, vulnerabilities, and adaptation strategies. The study utilized a participatory approach involving Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) to gather insights from diverse community members. Results revealed a growing recognition of climate change as a significant factor amplifying security risks, including resource-based conflicts, food and water insecurity, pest and disease outbreaks, and rising sea levels. The analysis of historical climate data indicated shifts in rainfall patterns and rising temperatures, exacerbating these hazards. Furthermore, it underscores the need to mainstream climate change actions across various sectors for sustainable development and human security. Lamu County in Kenya faces a myriad of security challenges stemming from climate change, with the community perceiving droughts, pests, diseases, and conflicts as prominent hazards. These climatic impacts have led to crop failures, livestock losses, water scarcity, property damage, displacement, and instability. Local adaptation strategies have shown varying degrees of effectiveness, highlighting the need for community-specific and sustainable solutions. The study identified local adaptation strategies and emphasized the importance of early warning systems, informed decision-making, and mainstreaming climate change actions across sectors to enhance human security and sustainable development. However, it also acknowledges limitations in community participation and suggests future research avenues to ensure the inclusion of marginalized voices in such studies.

关键词： Kenya Climate Changes and Adaptation Pollution Climate Hazards Conflict Security Temperature Rainfall Sea Level Lamu County

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A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： simeon C.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny Cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

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Structural changes of proteins in liver cirrhosis and consequential changes in their function

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第29期28卷 3780-3792页

作者： Nikola Gligorijevic simeon Minic Olgica Nedic Department of Metabolism University of Belgrade-Institute for the Application of Nuclear EnergyBelgrade 11080S Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences and Department of Biochemistry University of Belgrade-Faculty of ChemistryBelgrade 11000Serbia

The liver is the site of synthesis of the majority of circulating *** initial polypeptide synthesis,sophisticated machinery is involved in the further processing of proteins by removing parts of them and/or adding functional groups and small molecules tailoring the final molecule to suit its physiological *** modifications(PTMs)design a network of molecules with the common protein ancestor but with slightly or considerably varying activity/localization/*** can change under pathological conditions,giving rise to aberrant or overmodified *** changes in the structure of proteins most often accompany undesired changes in their function,such as reduced activity or the appearance of new *** protein processing is essential for the reactions in living beings and crucial for the overall quality *** that occur on proteins synthesized in the liver whose PTMs are cirrhosis-related are oxidation,nitration,glycosylation,acetylation,and *** of them predominantly affect proteins that remain in liver cells,whereas others predominantly occur on proteins that leave the liver or originate from other tissues and perform their function in the *** PTMs of certain proteins are potential candidates as biomarkers of liver-related diseases,including *** review will focus on PTMs on proteins whose structural changes in cirrhosis exert or are suspected to exert the most serious functional consequences.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Post-translational modifications Circulation Protein function Protein structure Chronic liver disease

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Optical tissue clearing enables rapid,precise and comprehensive assessment of three-dimensional morphology in experimental nerve regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1348-1356页

作者： simeon C.Daeschler Jennifer Zhang Tessa Gordon Gregory H.Borschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

Morphological analyses are key outcome assessments for nerve regeneration studies but are historically limited to tissue *** optical tissue clearing techniques enabling three-dimensional imaging of entire organs at a subcellular resolution have revolutionized morphological studies of the *** extend their applicability to experimental nerve repair studies we adapted these techniques to nerves and their motor and sensory targets in *** solvent-based protocols rendered harvested peripheral nerves and their target organs transparent within 24 hours while preserving tissue architecture and *** optical clearing was compatible with conventional laboratory techniques,including retrograde labeling studies,and computational image segmentation,providing fast and precise cell ***,optically cleared organs enabled three-dimensional morphometry at an unprecedented scale including dermatome-wide innervation studies,tracing of intramuscular nerve branches or mapping of neurovascular *** their wide-ranging applicability,rapid processing times,and low costs,tissue clearing techniques are likely to be a key technology for next-generation nerve repair *** procedures were approved by the Hospital for Sick Children’s Laboratory Animal Services Committee(49871/9)on November 9,2019.

关键词： histology image segmentation morphometry nerve regeneration outcome assessment peripheral nerve three-dimensional imaging tissue clearing

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Strategy to boost hydrolysis resistance and stabilize low infrared emissivity of ZrB_(2) via nanoscale LaF_(3) surface modification

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Rare Metals 2022年第12期41卷 4164-4175页

作者： Xue-Jing Xing Xian Jian Lin-Bo Zhang Hai-Peng Lu Zhong-Wei Zhang simeon Agathopoulos Liang-Jun Yin Long-Jiang Deng School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China The Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou 313001China National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Laboratory of Energy Storage and New Energy Materials Technology Central Research InstituteDongfang Electric CorporationChengdu 611731China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioanninaloannina 45110Greece

Owing to its excellent high-temperature resistance and high conductivity,zirconium diboride(ZrB_(2)) has been applied as an infrared suppression ***,ZrB_(2)is susceptible to hydrolysis under high-moisture conditions and even under mild working *** improvement in the hydrophobicity of the ZrB_(2)surface effectively reduces wetting by water and suppresses hydrolysis reaction,particularly under high-temperature and high-moisture ***,we report a novel,easy,and highly reproducible method for producing a fully coated ZrB_(2)surface by developing a nanoscale hydrophobic layer of glassy LaF_(3)on the surface of ZrB_(2)powder particles in situ(i.e.,during the carbothermal synthesis of ZrB_(2)).Through the tests carried out at 200 ℃for 100-300 h in a hydrothermal reactor,the produced powders displayed remarkably high long-term hydrolysis resistance and pronounced chemical *** with treated ZrB_(2),ZrB_(2)@LaF_(3)remained lower infrared emissivity when continuously intensifying hydrolyzation *** results suggest that a nanoscale surface modification strategy can be applied to stabilize the infrared emissivity of ZrB_(2)in a water-oxygen coupling environment.

关键词： ZrB_(2) LaF_(3) Carbothermal reaction Hydrolysis resistance Hydrophobic behavior

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In vitro-engineered non-antibody protein therapeutics

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Protein & Cell 2018年第1期9卷 3-14页

作者： Rudo simeon Zhilei Chen Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology Texas A&M University Health Science Center College StationTX 77845 USA

Antibodies have proved to be a valuable mode of ther- apy for numerous diseases, mainly owing to their high target binding affinity and specificity. Unfortunately, antibodies are also limited in several respects, chief amongst those being the extremely high cost of manu- facture. Therefore, non-antibody binding proteins have long been sought after as alternative therapies. New binding protein scaffolds are constantly being designed or discovered with some already approved for human use by the FDA. This review focuses on protein scaf- folds that are either already being used in humans or are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Although not all are expected to be approved, the significant benefits ensure that these molecules will continue to be investi- gated and developed as therapeutic alternatives to antibodies. Based on the location of the amino acids that mediate ligand binding, we place all the protein scaffolds under clinical development into two general categories： scaffolds with ligand-binding residues located in exposed flexible loops, and those with the binding residues located in protein secondary struc- tures, such as a-helices. Scaffolds that fall under the first category include adnectins, anticalins, avimers, Fynomers, Kunitz domains, and knottins, while those belonging to the second category include affibodies, 13-hairpin mimetics, and designed ankyrin repeat pro- teins （DARPins）. Most of these scaffolds are ther- mostable and can be easily produced in microorganisms or completely synthesized chemically. In addition, many of these scaffolds derive from human proteins and thus possess very low immunogenic potential. Additional advantages and limitations of these protein scaffolds as therapeutics compared to antibod- ies will be discussed.

关键词： scaffold multivalent phage yeast,ribosome antibody surrogate

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Self-supported porous heterostructure WC/WO_(3−x)ceramic electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic and alkaline media

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2022年第8期11卷 1208-1221页

作者： Feihong WANG Binbin DONG Junwei WANG Nianwang KE Chuntian TAN Anding HUANG Yutong WU Luyuan HAO Liangjun YIN Xin XU Yuxi XIAN simeon AGATHOPOULOS CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Special Protective MaterialsLuoyang Institute of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023China Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou 313001China School of Energy Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behaviors and Design of Materials Department of Modern MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of IoanninaIoannina GR-45110Greece

Tungsten carbide(WC)-based materials are widely considered as the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)process catalysts due to their“Pt-like”electronic ***,traditional powder electrodes have a high cost,and display problems related to the process itself and the poor stability over operation *** paper presented a self-supported asymmetric porous ceramic electrode with WO_(3-x)whiskers formed in situ on the walls of the finger-like holes and membrane surface,which was prepared by combining phase inversion tape-casting,pressureless sintering,and thermal treatment in a CO_(2) *** optimized ceramic electrode displayed good catalytic HER activity and outstanding stability at high current *** specifically,it demonstrated the lowest overpotentials of 107 and 123 mV and the lowest Tafel slopes of 59.3 and 72.4 mV·dec^(-1)at 10 mA·cm^(-2)in acidic and alkaline media,*** superior performance was ascribed to the structure of the ceramic membrane and the charge transfer efficiency,which was favored by the in situ developed WC/WO_(3-x)heterostructure and the oxygen vacancies.

关键词： hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) porous ceramic membrane WC/WO_(3−x)heterostructure self-supported electrode oxygen vacancies

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Culture-positive urinary tract infection following micturating cystourethrogram in children

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Asian Journal of Urology 2022年第3期9卷 329-333页

作者： simeon Ngweso Munyaradzi Nyandoro Tatenda Nzenza Ting Yi Cheow Fiona Bettenay Andrew Barker Japinder Khosa Naeem Samnakay Fiona Stanley Hospital.Murdoch Western AustraliaAustralia Young Urology Researchers Organisation MelbourneAustralia Austin Hospital HeidelbergVictoriaAustralia Royal Perth Hospital PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia Princess Margaret Hospital SubiacoWestern AustraliaAustralia School of Medicine University of Western AustraliaDalkeithWestern AustraliaAustralia

Objective:To determine the incidence of culture-positive urinary tract infection(UTI)after micturating cystourethrogram(MCUG).We further wanted to identify risk factors for developing a culture-positive UTI following ***:A retrospective review of the available medical records of 500 paediatric patients who underwent MCUG in Perth,Western Australia was ***:Seven(1.4%)patients comprised of four females and three males developed a febrile,culture-positive UTI within 14 days following *** association was found for female patients,patients with neurogenic bladder,and patients with previous culture-positive UTI as developing a culture-positive UTI following *** logistic regression determined that patients were more likely to develop culture-positive UTI within 14 days following MCUG if they had a known history of UTI(odds ratio:5.0,95%confidence interval:1.5-17.3,p=0.010)or had a neurogenic bladder(odds ratio:4.2,95%confidence interval:1.0-17.9,p=0.049).Conclusion:The incidence of patients who developed a febrile,culture-positive UTI following MCUG was low at 1.4%.Statistically significant and independent associations for the development of culture positive UTI were found in patients with neurogenic bladder and patients with previous culture-positive *** prospective studies are necessary to determine necessity of prophylactic antibiotics for high-risk patients,e.g.,patients with neurogenic bladder or previous culture-positive UTI.

关键词： Micturating cystourethrogram Voiding cystourethrogram Paediatric urology Functional urology

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Examining the Views and Opinions of Itinerary Traders on Adherence to COVID-19 Lockdown in Enugu State,Nigeria

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2023年第3期16卷 411-434页

作者： Ugochukwu simeon Asogwa Benjamin Okorie Ajah John Thompson Okpa Ikenga Patrick Ugwu Rebecca Ginikanwa Nnamani Albert Okorie Department of Sociology and Anthropology University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Department of Sociology University of CalabarCalabarNigeria Social Sciences Unit The School of General StudiesUniversity of NigeriaEnugu CampusEnuguNigeria Department of Political Science University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria

The outbreak of COVID-19 caused human activities to be affected in one way or *** a result,measures were put in place by various national governments to reduce the spread of the *** paper examines adherence to COVID-19 guidelines in Nigeria among itinerant traders,using a total of 40 eligible participants from selected local governments in Enugu state,*** study adapted purposive sampling techniques to identify eligible participants;while in-depth interview was the method used for data *** other findings,result shows that the control measures rolled out by government were seriously *** traders,driven by economic gains,played covert role in the spread of the *** signalled a weak link in the efforts to curb the spread of the virus in *** study contributes to a more exact diagnosis of the weak link in the efforts to contain the spread of the virus and how the quest for economic gains drove the abuse of COVID-19 mitigation protocols with its attendant health *** therefore recommends that government should strengthen the institutional capacity for detection and control,and provide the critical infrastructural facilities that will make for intensified surveillance in future epidemic or pandemic *** incentives and the effective monitoring of protocol enforcers saddled with the responsibility of enforcing government directives are also encouraged in order to curb compromise.

关键词： COVID-19 Interstate movement Community transmission Itinerant traders Compliance

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Analysis of Hydrological Characteristics: A Case Review of the Niger Delta

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第9期14卷 611-631页

作者： Tamunoene Kingdom simeon Abam Dagogo Michael Jim Fubara Institute of Geosciences and Environmental Management Rivers State University Port-Harcourt Nigeria

This paper reviews the significant contribution of hydrologic continuity in the development, evolution and fate of the Niger Delta. Formed from the aggregation of sediments from a drainage catchment area of over 2 million km2, the Niger Delta has evolved into a prolific sedimentary basin with a dense network of rivers and creeks. The ecological system is in a fragile state with fresh and saline water ecosystems maintaining a dynamic equilibrium. Rainfall typically varies from 2500 - 4000 mm per year compared to average annual evaporation of about 1500 mm, resulting in net antecedent moisture. Over 70% of the rainfall occurs in 4 months between May and September, creating a potential for flooding. Water level varies from less than 1.5 m in the estuaries to about 8 m at the apex of the delta, with Nun River having a slightly higher elevation compared to Forcados River, implying that canals connecting both rivers at the same reach would experience water movements from Nun to Forcados River. Similarly, water level gradients vary across the stretch of the rivers from 8.6 to 9.5 × 10-5 (cm/km) between Onitsha and Asamabiri, 7.5 to 7.7 × 10-5 (cm/km) on the Forcados River downstream of Asamabiri, and from 7.4 to 7.6 × 10-5 (cm/km) on the Nun River. At peak flood, about 23 × 103 m3/sec of runoff enters the Niger Delta. At the same time, about 16 × 103 m3/sec discharges from the estuaries into the ocean in a semi-diurnal tidal flow leaving a surplus that accumulates to cause flooding. The delta thus acts like a sponge, absorbing the shear amount of flow and releasing slowly stored water through at least twenty-one outlet estuaries into the Atlantic Ocean. The shear amount of discharge overwhelms the capacity of the network of distributaries and predisposes the delta to flooding. Assessment of the capacity of the rivers to evacuate pollutants showed that rivers to the west of Brass which a

关键词： Hydrology Niger Delta Nun Forcados Water Level Flood

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