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瓜类炭疽病研究进展

中国瓜菜 2024年第6期37卷 1-8页

作者：柯佩佩卿东山戴思慧蔡雁平孙小武园艺作物种质创新与新品种选育教育部工程研究中心·湖南农业大学园艺学院长沙410128

炭疽病是一种世界性葫芦科作物的真菌病,主要危害黄瓜、西瓜、甜瓜和冬瓜等。近年来,我国瓜类蔬菜作物的设施种植面积逐年增加,炭疽病危害程度也不断加深,严重影响了瓜类蔬菜的产量和品质,制约了产业效益和瓜农生产的积极性。通过对国... 详细信息

炭疽病是一种世界性葫芦科作物的真菌病,主要危害黄瓜、西瓜、甜瓜和冬瓜等。近年来,我国瓜类蔬菜作物的设施种植面积逐年增加,炭疽病危害程度也不断加深,严重影响了瓜类蔬菜的产量和品质,制约了产业效益和瓜农生产的积极性。通过对国内外黄瓜、西瓜、甜瓜和冬瓜生产过程中炭疽病的发病规律、抗炭疽病种质资源现状、病原菌分子生物研究以及抗病育种等方面进行阐述和分析,为瓜类炭疽病研究提供思路,也为瓜类作物高效生产提供参考。

关键词：瓜类作物炭疽病基因定位抗性育种

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葫芦科作物离体雌核发育技术研究进展

中国瓜菜 2024年第4期37卷 1-6页

作者：张成桃宋慧娟孙翔宇戴思慧孙小武湖南农业大学园艺学院长沙410128

单倍体或双单倍体对作物改良、遗传育种具有重要意义,对提高单倍体的诱导频率、建立高效稳定的离体雌核诱导体系至关重要。而常规育种周期长、工作量大,且遗传性状存在不稳定性。在葫芦科作物中通常通过未授粉子房、胚珠离体培养的途径... 详细信息

单倍体或双单倍体对作物改良、遗传育种具有重要意义,对提高单倍体的诱导频率、建立高效稳定的离体雌核诱导体系至关重要。而常规育种周期长、工作量大,且遗传性状存在不稳定性。在葫芦科作物中通常通过未授粉子房、胚珠离体培养的途径产生单倍体或双单倍体植株,从而获得纯合的自交系,使基因快速纯合,极大地缩短育种年限。对葫芦科作物离体雌核发育技术进行了综述,影响离体雌核发育结果的主要因素有供体植株的基因型、培养基及添加的外源激素、黑暗热激与预冷处理方式、播种季节、子房发育时期等。同时也概括了再生植株的倍性与加倍方法,为后续葫芦科作物离体雌核发育的研究提供参考依据。

关键词：葫芦科作物离体雌核发育离体培养影响因子

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不同果型西瓜单倍体诱导技术优化

中国瓜菜 2024年第1期37卷 18-24页

作者：戴玉娟龚诗琦孙翔宇陈浩杰熊程孙小武戴思慧园艺作物种质创新与新品种选育教育部工程研究中心·湖南农业大学园艺学院长沙410128

西瓜未受精子房离体培养是诱导单倍体的有效方法,可缩短育种时间。为建立高效稳定的单倍体诱导体系,提高单倍体诱导率,以大果型品种雪龙1号、雪龙3号,中果型品种早蜜、红都2号和小果型品种小玉9号和黄小玉的6个杂交一代(2n=2x=22)西瓜... 详细信息

西瓜未受精子房离体培养是诱导单倍体的有效方法,可缩短育种时间。为建立高效稳定的单倍体诱导体系,提高单倍体诱导率,以大果型品种雪龙1号、雪龙3号,中果型品种早蜜、红都2号和小果型品种小玉9号和黄小玉的6个杂交一代(2n=2x=22)西瓜的未受精子房为试验材料,研究不同植物生长调节剂种类和质量浓度对西瓜单倍体诱导率的影响。结果表明,6个不同基因型品种在2 mg·L^(-1)6-BA+1 mg·L^(-1)NAA和2 mg·L^(-1)6-BA+2 mg·L^(-1)NAA的诱导培养基中均能诱导出胚状体,除黄小玉以外,均获得了单倍体再生植株;其中,红都2号的胚状体诱导率最高,达63.89%;其次是早蜜,诱导率为55.56%。

关键词：西瓜植物生长调节剂单倍体诱导

外源水杨酸对淹水胁迫下西瓜幼苗光合特性及抗氧化酶系统的影响

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湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第3期50卷 47-54页

作者：江鸿卿东山陈浩杰张露瑶孙龙俊戴思慧孙小武园艺作物种质创新与新品种选育教育部工程研究中心湖南长沙410128 湖南农业大学园艺学院湖南长沙410128 湖南雪峰种业有限责任公司湖南邵阳422001

以‘雪龙1号’西瓜品种为材料,采用不同浓度(0.0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.5、3.5 mmol/L)水杨酸(SA)溶液喷施幼苗叶片,测定淹水胁迫下西瓜幼苗的生长性状、根系构型、光合参数、叶绿素含量、SPⅡ光能转换效率和抗氧化酶活性等指标,结合主成... 详细信息

以‘雪龙1号’西瓜品种为材料,采用不同浓度(0.0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.5、3.5 mmol/L)水杨酸(SA)溶液喷施幼苗叶片,测定淹水胁迫下西瓜幼苗的生长性状、根系构型、光合参数、叶绿素含量、SPⅡ光能转换效率和抗氧化酶活性等指标,结合主成分分析,研究水杨酸处理对淹水胁迫下西瓜幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明:喷施SA溶液缓解了淹水胁迫对西瓜幼苗的不利影响,提高了淹水胁迫下西瓜幼苗的叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、实际光化学效率PSⅡ和超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性,降低了植株的丙二醛(MDA)含量,提高了植株耐涝性;与0.0mmol/L的SA处理相比,1.0mmol/LSA处理的西瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、鲜质量、干质量分别显著提高18.80%、34.74%、23.57%、67.27%;总根长、根尖数分别显著提高116.41%、101.25%;叶绿素a、叶绿素a+叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量分别提升了66.55%、67.46%、73.81%;CAT活性显著提高20.92%,MDA含量显著下降53.32%;主成分分析结果表明,1.0、1.5、2.5、0.5、3.5、0.0 mmol/L SA处理的西瓜的耐涝性依次降低。

关键词：西瓜外源水杨酸淹水胁迫根系构型光合特性抗氧化系统

Recognition and localization of strawberries from 3D binocular cameras for a strawberry picking robot using coupled YOLO/Mask R-CNN

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第6期15卷 175-179页

作者： Heming Hu Yutaka Kaizu Hongduo Zhang Yongwei Xu Kenji Imou Ming Li Jingjing Huang sihui dai Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences the University of TokyoTokyo 113-0033Japan Hunan Agricultural Equipment Research Institute ChangshaHunan 410125China College of Horticulture Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan 410128China

To solve the problem of high labour costs in the strawberry picking process,the approach of a strawberry picking robot to identify and find strawberries is suggested in this ***,1000 images including mature,immature,single,multiple,and occluded strawberries were collected,and a two-stage detection Mask R-CNN instance segmentation network and a one-stage detection YOLOv3 target detection network were used to train a strawberry identification model which classified strawberries into two categories:mature and *** accuracy ratings for YOLOv3 and Mask R-CNN were 93.4%and 94.5%,***,the ZED stereo camera,triangulation,and a neural network were used to locate the strawberry in three ***3 identification accuracy was 3.1 mm,compared to Mask R-CNN of 3.9 *** strawberry detection and positioning method proposed in this study may effectively be used to supply the picking robot with a precise location of the ripe strawberry.

关键词： strawberry detection 3D point cloud mean-shift clustering method

Emerging mechanisms and implications of c GAS-STING signaling in cancer immunotherapy strategies

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第1期21卷 45-64页

作者： Jiawen Zhang sihui Yu Qiao Peng Ping Wang Lan Fang Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200072China Reproductive Medicine Center Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 201620China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

The intricate interplay between the human immune system and cancer development underscores the central role of immunotherapy in cancer *** this landscape,the innate immune system,a critical sentinel protecting against tumor incursion,is a key *** cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(c GAS)and stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway has been found to be a linchpin of innate immunity:activation of this signaling pathway orchestrates the production of type I interferon(IFN-α/β),thus fostering the maturation,differentiation,and mobilization of immune effectors in the tumor ***,STING activation facilitates the release and presentation of tumor antigens,and therefore is an attractive target for cancer *** strategies to activate the STING pathway,including use of pharmacological agonists,have made substantial advancements,particularly when combined with immune checkpoint *** approaches have shown promise in preclinical and clinical settings,by enhancing patient survival *** review describes the evolving understanding of the c GAS-STING pathway's involvement in tumor biology and ***,this review explores classical and non-classical STING agonists,providing insights into their mechanisms of action and potential for optimizing immunotherapy *** challenges and complexities,the c GAS-STING pathway,a promising avenue for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy,has the potential to revolutionize patient outcomes.

关键词： cGAS-STING pathway type I interferon cyclic dinucleotide STING agonist cancer immunotherapy

Cost-effective method for degradability identification of MSW using convolutional neural network for on-site composting

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第4期14卷 233-237页

作者： Jingjing Huang sihui dai Heming Hu Hongduo Zhang Jingxin Xie Ming Li Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128China Hunan Agricultural Equipment Research Institute Changsha 410125China Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences the University of TokyoTokyo 113-0033Japan

Automatically identifying the degradability of municipal solid waste(MSW)is one of the key prerequisites for on-site composting to prevent contaminations from undegradable *** this study,a cost-effective method was proposed for the degradability identification of ***,the trainable images in the datasets were increased by performing four different sizes of cropping operations on the original images captured ***,a lite convolutional neural network(CNN)model was built with only 3.37 million parameters,and then a total of eight models were trained on these datasets with and without the image augmentation operations,***,a degradability identification system was built for on-site composting,where the images were cut to different sizes of small squares for prediction,and the experiments were conducted to find the best combinations of the trained models and the cutting *** results showed that the validation accuracies of the models trained with the augmentation operations were 0.91-2.07 percentage points higher,and in the evaluation of the degradability identification system the best result was achieved by the combination of W8A dataset and cutting size of 1/14 reached an accuracy of 91.58%,which indicated the capability of this cost-effective method to identify the degradability of MSW.

关键词： municipal solid waste degradability identification cost-effective CNN on-site composting image classification

Optimization Study of Active-Passive Heating System Parameters in Village Houses in the Southern Xinjiang Province

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Energy Engineering 2024年第7期121卷 1963-1990页

作者： Xiaodan Wu Jie Li Yongbin Cai sihui Huang College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi823000China Scientific Research Department Shihezi UniversityShihezi823000China

Aiming at the problems of large energy consumption and serious pollution of winter heating existing in the rural buildings in Southern Xinjiang,a combined active-passive heating system was proposed,and the simulation software was used to optimize the parameters of the system,according to the parameters obtained from the optimization,a test platform was built and winter heating test was carried *** simulation results showed that the thickness of the air layer of 75 mm,the total area of the vent holes of 0.24 m^(2),and the thickness of the insulation layer of 120 mm were the optimal construction for the passive part;solar collector area of 28 m^(2),hot water storage tank volume of 1.4 m^(3),mass flow rate of 800 kg/h on the collector side,mass flow rate of 400 kg/h on the heat exchanger side,and output power of auxiliary heat source of 5∼9 kWwere the optimal constructions for active heating *** results showed that during the heating period,the system could provide sufficient heat to the room under different heating modes,and the indoor temperature reached over 18°C,which met the heating *** economic and environmental benefits of the system were analyzed,and the economic benefits of the systemwere better than coal-fired heating,and the CO_(2) emissionswere reduced by 3,292.25 kg compared with *** results of the study showed that the combinedactive-passiveheating systemcouldeffectively solve the heating problems existing in rural buildings in Southern Xinjiang,and it also laid the theoretical foundation for the popularization of the combined heating systems.

关键词： Trombe wall biomass boilers active-passive combined heating systems parameter optimization villages and towns

A Unifi ed View of Carbon Neutrality:Solar-Driven Selective Upcycling of Waste Plastics

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2024年第1期30卷 1-26页

作者： Zhiyong Zhao Shuai Yue Gaohua Yang Pengfei Wang sihui Zhan MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringTianjin 300350China

With the rapid development of plastic production and consumption globally,the amount of post-consumer plastic waste has reached levels that have posed environmental *** the substantial CO_(2)emissions throughout the plastic lifecycle from material production to its disposal,photocatalysis is considered a promising strategy for eff ective plastic recycling and *** can upgrade plastics into value-added products under mild conditions using solar energy,realizing zero carbon *** this paper,we explain the basics of photocatalytic plastic reformation and underscores plastic feedstock reformation pathways into high-value-added products,including both degradation into CO_(2)followed by reformation and direct reformation into high-value-added ***,the current applications of transforming plastic waste into fuels,chemicals,and carbon materials and the outlook on upcycling plastic waste by photocatalysis are presented,facilitating the realization of carbon neutrality and zero plastic waste.

关键词： Photocatalysis Photoreforming Plastics upcycling Carbon neutrality Energy storage and conversion