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Corrosion Investigation by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of AISI 446 and Ti-Coated AISI 446 Ferritic Stainless Steel as Potential Material for Bipolar Plate in PEMWE

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第4期37卷 607-619页

作者： Andrea Kellenberger Nicolae vaszilcsin Mircea Laurentiu Dan Ion Mitelea Alexandru Adrian Geana sigrid Lædre Corneliu M.Craciunescu Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Politehnica University TimisoaraPiata Victoriei 2300006TimisoaraRomania Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Politehnica University TimisoaraPiata Victoriei 2300006TimisoaraRomania SINTEF Industry 7465TrondheimNorway

The components of proton exchange membrane water electrolysers frequently experience corrosion issues, especially at high anodic polarization, that restrict the use of more affordable alternatives to titanium. Here, we investigate localized corrosion processes of bare and Ti-coated AISI 446 ferritic stainless steel under anodic polarization by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in sodium sulphate and potassium chloride solutions. SECM approach curves and area scans measured at open-circuit potential (OCP) of the samples in the feedback mode using a redox mediator evidence a negative feedback effect caused by the surface passive film. For the anodic polarization of the sample, the substrate generation-tip collection mode enables to observe local generation of iron (II) ions, as well as formation of molecular oxygen. For the uncoated AISI 446 sample, localized corrosion is detected in sodium sulphate solution simultaneously with oxygen formation at anodic potentials of 1.0 v vs. Ag/AgCl, whereas significant pitting corrosion is observed even at 0.2 v vs. Ag/AgCl in potassium chloride solution. The Ti-coated AISI 446 sample reveals enhanced corrosion resistance in both test solutions, without any evidence of iron (II) ions generation at anodic potentials of 1.2 v vs. Ag/AgCl, where only oxygen formation is observed.

关键词： Ferritic stainless steel Corrosion Ti coating Scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM) Magnetron sputtering Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE)

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Therapeutic potential of curcumin in gastrointestinal diseases

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2011年第1期2卷 1-14页

作者： sigrid A rajasekaran Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer research Alfred I.duPont Hospital for Children

Curcumin,also known as diferuloylmethane,is derived from the plant Curcuma longa and is the active ingredient of the spice *** therapeutic activities of curcumin for a wide variety of diseases such as diabetes,allergies,arthritis and other chronic and inflammatory diseases have been known for a long *** recently,curcumin's therapeutic potential for preventing and treating various cancers is being *** curcumin's therapeutic promise is being explored more systematically in various diseases,it has become clear that,due to its increased bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract,curcumin may be particularly suited to be developed to treat gastrointestinal *** review summarizes some of the current literature of curcumin's anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidant and anti-cancer potential in inflammatory bowel diseases,hepaticfibrosis and gastrointestinal cancers.

关键词： Curcumin Inflammation Cancer Inflammatory bowel disease Liver fibrosis Gastrointestinal disease Apoptosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第14期20卷 3986-4000页

作者： Bjarte Fosby sigrid Nss Johannes r Hov James Traherne Kirsten M Boberg John Trowsdale Aksel Foss Pl-Dag Line Andre Franke Espen Melum Helge Scott Tom H Karlsen Norwegian PSC research Center Division of CancerSurgery and TransplantationOslo University Hospital Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo KG Jebsen Inflammation research Centre Research Institute of Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital Department of Transplantation Medicine Division of CancerSurgery and TransplantationOslo University Hospital Division of Immunology Department of PathologyUniversity of Cambridge and Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Cambridge Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology Christian-Albrechts-University Department of Pathology Divisoin of Diagnostics and InterventionInstitute of PathologyOslo University Hospital

AIM: To investigate influence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and killer immunoglobuline-like receptor (KIr) genotypes on risks of acute rejection (Ar) after liver transplantation (LTX).

关键词： Liver transplantation Primary sclerosing cholangitis Acute rejection Human leukocyte antigen Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor

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Strictures, diaphragms, erosions or ulcerations of ischemic type in the colon should always prompt consideration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第37期11卷 5828-5833页

作者： Manfred Stolte Diana Karimi Michael vieth Hildegard volkholz Klaus Dirschmid sigrid rappel Birgit Bethke Institute of Pathology Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH Bayreuth 95445 Germany

AIM： To investigate whether NSAIDs/ASA lesions in the colon can histologically be diagnosed on the basis of ischemic necrosis similar to biopsy-based diagnosis of NSAIDs/ASA- induced erosions and ulcers of the stomach. METHODS： In the period between 1997 and 2002, we investigated biopsy materials obtained from 611 patients （415 women, 196 men, average age 60.5 years） with endoscopic focal erosions, ulcerations, strictures or diaphragms in the colon. In the biopsies obtained from these lesions, we always established the suspected diagnosis of NSA/D-inducecl lesions whenever necroses of the ischemic type were found. Together with the histological report, we enclosed a questionnaire to investigate the use of medication. The data provided by the questionnaire were then correlated with the endoscopic findings, the location, number and nature of the lesions, and the histological findings. rESULTS： At the time of their colonoscopy, 86.1% of the patients had indeed been taking NSAID/ASA medication for years （43.9%） or months （29.5%）. The most common indication for the use of these drugs was pain （64.3%）, and the most common indication for colonoscopy was bleeding （55.5%）. Endoscopic inspection revealed multiple erosions and/or ulcers in 60.6%, strictures in 15.8%, and diaphragms in 3.0% of the patients. The lesions were located mainly in the right colon including the transverse colon （79.9%）. A separate analysis of age and sex distribution, endoscopic and histological findings for NSAIDs alone, ASA alone, combined NSAID/ASA, and for patients denying the use of such drugs, revealed no significant differences among the groups. CONCLUSION： This uncontrolled retrospective study based on the histological finding of an ischemic necrosis shows that the histologically suspected diagnosis of NSAID-induced lesions in the colon is often correct. The true diagnostic validity of this finding and the differentiation from ischemic colitis should, however, be investigated in a prospective

关键词： Erosion Ulceration Stricture Diaphragm Ischemic necrose NSAIDs ASA

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Factors associated with incomplete small bowel capsule endoscopy studies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第42期16卷 5329-5333页

作者： Mitchell M Lee Andrew Jacques Eric Lam ricky Kwok Pardis Lakzadeh Ajit Sandhar Brandon Segal sigrid Svarta Joanna Law robert Enns St Paul's Hospital University of British Columbia770-1190 Hornby StreetVancouverBritish Columbia V6Z 2K5Canada

AIM:To identify patient risk factors associated with incomplete small bowel capsule endoscopy(CE) ***:Data from all CE procedures performed at ***'s Hospital in vancouver,British Columbia,Canada,between December 2001 and June 2008 were collected and analyzed on a retrospective *** collection for complete and incomplete CE study groups included patient demographics as well as a number of potential risk factors for incomplete CE including indication for the procedure,hospitalization,diabetes mellitus with or without end organ damage,limitations in mobility,renal insufficiency,past history of bowel obstruction,abdominal surgery,abdominal radiation therapy and opiate *** factors were analyzed using a univariable and multivariable logistic regression ***:From a total of 535 CE procedures performed,158 were incomplete(29.5%).The univariable analysis showed that CE procedures performed for overt gastrointestinal bleeding(P = 0.002),and for patients with a prior history of abdominal surgery(P = 0.023) or bowel obstruction(P = 0.023) were significantly associated with incomplete CE *** on opiate medications(P = 0.094) as well as hospitalized patients(P = 0.054) were not statistically significant,but did show a trend towards incomplete *** multivariable analysis showed that independent risk factors for an incomplete CE procedure include prior history of bowel obstruction [odds ratios(Or) 2.77,P = 0.02,95% confidence intervals(CI):1.17-6.56] and procedures performed for gastrointestinal bleeding(Occult Or 2.04,P = 0.037,95% CI:1.04-4.02 and Overt Or 2.69,P = 0.002,95% CI:1.44-5.05).Patients with a prior history of abdominal surgery(Or 1.46,P = 0.068,95% CI:0.97-2.19),those taking opiate medications(Or 1.54,P = 0.15,95% CI:0.86-2.76) and hospitalized patients(Or 1.82,P = 0.124,95% CI:0.85-3.93) showed a trend towards statistical ***:We have identified a number of risk factors for incomplete CE procedures

关键词： Capsule Capsule endoscopy Incomplete endoscopy

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Identification of factors associated with sedation tolerance in 5000 patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy:Canadian tertiary center experience

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016年第20期8卷 770-776页

作者： Alexandra Shingina George Ou Oliver Takach sigrid Svarta ricky Kwok Jessica Tong Kieran Donaldson Eric Lam robert Enns Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoToronto General Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British Columbia Division of Gastroenterology Saint Paul Hospital

AIM To develop a prediction model aimed at identifying patients that may require higher than usual sedation doses during *** A retrospective chart review on 5000 patients who underwent an outpatient colonoscopy at ***'s Hospital from 2009 to 2010 was conducted in order to develop a model for identifying patients who will require increased doses of *** predictor variables including age,gender,endoscopy indication,high sedation requirements during previous endoscopies,difficulty of the procedure,bowel preparation quality,interventions,findings as well as current use of benzodiazepines,opioids and alcohol were *** outcome of study was the use ofhigh dose of sedation agents for the *** particular,the high dose of sedation was defined as fentanyl greater than 50 mcg and midazolam greater than 3 *** Analysis of 5282 patients(mean age 57 ± 12,49% female) was *** common indication for the procedure was screening colonoscopy(57%).Almost half of our patients received doses exceeding Fentanyl 50 mcg and Midazolam 3 *** regression models identified the following variables associated with high sedation:Younger age(Or=0.95 95%CI:0.94-0.95;P r=1.45,95%CI:1.08-1.96);P=0.01) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease(Or=1.45,95%CI:1.04-2.03;P=0.02) as indications for the procedure;difficult procedure as defined by gastroenterologist(Or=1.73,95%CI:1.48-2.03;P ry of abdominal surgery(Or=1.33,95%CI:1.17-1.52;P revious colonoscopy(Or=1.39,95%CI:1.21-1.60;P=0.0001) and alcohol use(Or=1.26,95%CI:1.03-1.54;P=0.02).Age and gender adjusted analysis yielded inflammatory bowel disease as an indication(Or=3.17,95%CI:1.58-6.37;P=0.002);difficult procedure as defined by an endoscopist(Or=5.13 95%CI:2.97-8.85;P=0.0001) and current use of opioids,benzodiazepines or antidepressants(Or=2.88,95%CI:1.74-4.77;P=0.001) having the highest predictive value of high sedation require

关键词： Colonoscopy Sedation Sedation tolerance Fentanyl Midazolam Predictive model

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Microalgae Cultivation Using Offshore Membrane Enclosures for Growing Algae (OMEGA)

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2013年第1期3卷 18-32页

作者： Patrick Wiley Linden Harris sigrid reinsch Sasha Tozzi Tsegereda Embaye Kit Clark Brandi McKuin Zbigniew Kolber russel Adams Hiromi Kagawa Tra-My Justine richardson John Malinowski Colin Beal Matthew A. Claxton Emil Geiger Jon rask J. Elliot Campbell Jonathan D. Trent Advanced Organic Methods Penryn USA Department of Chemistry University of California Santa Cruz USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada Reno USA Department of Ocean Sciences University of California Santa Cruz USA Dynamac Corporation NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field USA NASA Ames research Center Moffett Field USA School of Engineering University of California Merced USA SETI Institute Mountain View USA Universities Space research Association Columbia USA

OMEGA is a system for cultivating microalgae using wastewater contained in floating photobioreactors (PBrs) deployed in marine environments and thereby eliminating competition with agriculture for water, fertilizer, and land. The offshore placement in protected bays near coastal cities co-locates OMEGA with wastewater outfalls and sources of CO2-rich flue gas on shore. To evaluate the feasibility of OMEGA, microalgae were grown on secondary-treated wastewater supplemented with simulated flue gas (8.5% CO2 v/v) in a 110-liter prototype system tested using a seawater tank. The flow-through system consisted of tubular PBrs made of transparent linear low-density polyethylene, a gas exchange and harvesting column (GEHC), two pumps, and an instrumentation and control (I&C) system. The PBrs contained regularly spaced swirl vanes to create helical flow and mixing for the circulating culture. About 5% of the culture volume was continuously diverted through the GEHC to manage dissolved oxygen concentrations, provide supplemental CO2, harvest microalgae from a settling chamber, and add fresh wastewater to replenish nutrients. The I&C system controlled CO2 injection and recorded dissolved oxygen levels, totalized CO2 flow, temperature, circulation rates, photosynthetic active radiation (PAr), and the photosynthetic efficiency as determined by fast repetition rate fluorometry. In two experimental trials, totaling 23 days in April and May 2012, microalgae productivity averaged 14.1 ± 1.3 grams of dry biomass per square meter of PBr surface area per day (n = 16), supplemental CO2 was converted to biomass with >50% efficiency, and >90% of the ammonia-nitrogen was recovered from secondary effluent. If OMEGA can be optimized for energy efficiency and scaled up economically, it has the potential to contribute significantly to biofuels production and wastewater treatment.

关键词： Biofuels Wastewater Treatment Microalgae Photobioreactor CO2 Mass Transfer Fast repetition rate Fluorometry Instrumentation and Control

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Drosophila as a model for antiviral immunity

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2010年第5期1卷 151-159页

作者： Susanna valanne Mika rmet Institute of Medical Technology University of Tampere Department of Paediatrics Tampere University Hospital

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been successfully used to study numerous biological processes including immune *** are naturally infected with more than twenty rNA viruses making it a valid model organism to study host-pathogen interactions during viral *** Drosophila antiviral immunity includes rNA interference,activation of the JAK/STAT and other signaling cascades and other mechanisms such as autophagy and interactions with other *** we review Drosophila as an immunological research model as well as recent advances in the field ofDrosophila antiviral immunity.

关键词： Antiviral Drosophila Genetics Immune signaling Infection JAK/STAT rNA interference virus

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Molecularly defined adult-type hypolactasia among working age people with reference to milk consumption and gastrointestinal symptoms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第8期13卷 1230-1235页

作者： Sari r Anthoni Heli A rasinper Antti J Kotamies Hanna A Komu Harri K Pihlajamki Kaija-Leena Kolho Irma E Jrvel Hospital for Children and Adolescents University of Helsinki Finland Department of Medical Genetics University of Helsinki Finland Helsinki Centre of Economic research Helsinki Finland Central Military Hospital Helsinki Finland Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Helsinki Finland

AIM: To study milk consumption and subjective milk- related symptoms in adults genotyped for adult-type hypolactasia. METHODS: A total of 1900 Finnish adults were genotyped for the C/T-13910 variant of adult-type hypolactasia and filled in a structured questionnaire concerning milk consumption and gastrointestinal problems. rESULTS: The C/C-13910 genotype of adult-type hypolactasia was present in 18% of the study population. The prevalence of the C/C-13910 genotype was higher among subjects who were undergoing investigations because of abdominal symptoms (24%, P rank less milk than subjects with either the C/T-13910 or the T/T-13910 genotype of lactase persistence (18% vs 38%; 18% vs 36%, P rienced more gastrointestinal symptoms (84%) during the preceding three-month period than those with the C/T-13910 (79%, P r the T/T-13910 genotype (78 %, P reported no symptoms from ***: Gastrointestinal symptoms are more common among adults with the C/C-13910 genotype of adult-type hypolactasia than in those with genotypes of lactase persistence.

关键词： Lactase persistence Lactose malabsorption C/T-13910 genotype Abdominal symptoms Milk consumption

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Endomysial antibodies predict celiac disease irrespective of the titers or clinical presentation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第20期18卷 2511-2516页

作者： Kalle Kurppa Tiia rsnen Pekka Collin Sari Iltanen Heini Huhtala Merja Ashorn Pivi Saavalainen Katri Haimila Jukka Partanen Markku Mki Katri Kaukinen Pediatric research Centre University of Tampere and Tampere University HospitalFin-33014Tampere Finland Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery Tampere University Hospital and School of MedicineUniversity of TampereFin-33014 TampereFinland Tampere School of Public Health University of TampereFin-33014TampereFinland Department of Medical Genetics and research Program for Molecular Medicine University of Helsinki Fin-00014HelsinkiFinland research and Development Finnish Red Cross Blood ServiceFin-00310HelsinkiFinland

AIM:To investigate the association between serum antibody levels and a subsequent celiac disease diag-nosis in a large series of children and adults. METHODS:Besides subjects with classical gastrointestinal presentation of celiac disease,the study cohort included a substantial number of individuals with extraintestinal symptoms and those found by screening in at-risk *** 405 patients underwent clinical,serological and histological *** collection of data,the antibody values were further graded as low[endomysial(EmA)1:5-200,transglutaminase 2 antibodies(TG2-ab)5.0-30.0 U/L]and high (EmA 1:≥500,TG2-ab≥30.0 U/L),and the serological results were compared with the small intestinal mucosal histology and clinical presentation. rESULTS:In total,79%of the subjects with low and 94%of those with high serum EmA titers showed small-bowel mucosal villous ***, 96%of the 47 EmA positive subjects who had normal mucosal villi and remained on follow-up either subsequently developed mucosal atrophy while on a glutencontaining diet,or responded positively to a glutenfree diet. CONCLUSION:Irrespective of the initial serum titers or clinical presentation,EmA positivity as such is a very strong predictor of a subsequent celiac disease diagnosis.

关键词： Celiac disease Diagnosis Endomysial antibodies Transglutaminase 2 antibodies Clinical presentations

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