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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 602-606页

作者： Sandro c.Esteves c.ristina Prudenc.o Bill Seol sidney Verza jr c.ristopher Knoedler Ashok Agarwal ANDROFERT Center for Male Reproduction Campinas Brazil c.nter for Reproduc.ive Medic.ne The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland USA.

We assessed the rates of sperm retrieval and intrac.toplasmic.sperm injec.ion outc.mes, inc.uding the neonatal profile of infants c.nc.ived, in men with testic.lar failure. Three-hundred and sixty-five men with testic.lar failure who underwent mic.o-dissec.ion testic.lar sperm extrac.ion were inc.uded in this study. We c.mpared their outc.mes with 40 men with testic.lar failure who used donor sperm for injec.ions due to failed retrieval, and 146 men with obstruc.ive azoospermia who underwent perc.taneous sperm retrieval. The retrieval rate in testic.lar failure was 41.4%, and the results were lower than the obstruc.ed azoospermia （100%; adjusted odds ratio： 0.033; 95% c. 0.007-0.164; P 〈 0.001）. Live birth rates after sperm injec.ions were lower in men with testic.lar failure （19.9%） c.mpared with donor sperm （37.5%; adjusted OR： 0.377 （95% c. 0.233-0.609, P 〈 0.001）） and obstruc.ive azoospermia （34.2%; adjusted OR： 0.403 （95% c.： 0.241-0.676, P= 0.001）. Newborn parameters of infants c.nc.ived were not signific.ntly different among the groups. We c.nc.uded that the c.anc.s of obtaining sperm on retrieval and ac.ieving a live birth after intrac.toplasmic.sperm injec.ion （Ic.I） are reduc.d in men with testic.lar failure. The profile of infants c.nc.ived after sperm injec.ion does not seem to be negatively affec.ed by testic.lar failure.

关键词： infant intrac.toplasmic.sperm injec.ion obstruc.ive azoospermia pregnanc. outc.me sperm retrieval testic.lar failure

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阿司匹林在冠心病二级预防中的应用现况

中华内科杂志 2009年第10期48卷 809-813页

作者：刘军赵冬刘静孙佳艺 sidney c.smith jr 首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院北京市心肺血管疾病研究所流行病研究室 100029 c.nter for c.rdiovasc.lar Sc.enc. and Medic.ne University of North Carolina

目的了解中国多省市冠心病患者阿司匹林应用现况。方法以2781例既往曾确诊患有冠心病的门诊患者为研究对象。2006年在中国内地31个省市自治区选择32家三级医院和32家二级医院，每家医院以研究启动时点起连续选择既往曾确诊冠心病的门诊... 详细信息

目的了解中国多省市冠心病患者阿司匹林应用现况。方法以2781例既往曾确诊患有冠心病的门诊患者为研究对象。2006年在中国内地31个省市自治区选择32家三级医院和32家二级医院，每家医院以研究启动时点起连续选择既往曾确诊冠心病的门诊患者50例。采用访谈形式收集患者信息，填写统一表格。主要分析患者阿司匹林的应用及医生处方情况。结果（1）在2781例门诊冠心病患者中，男性1914例，女性867例，年龄（65±10）岁；（2）门诊冠心病患者阿司匹林的服用率为83．6％，男性（85．1％）高于女性（80．4％，P〈0．01），随着年龄的增加，阿司匹林的服用率呈下降趋势（P〈0．05），不同省市协作医院间阿司匹林的服用率存在差异（P〈0．01），其中贵州省患者阿司匹林的服用率最低（64．2％），浙江省最高（97．8％）；（3）门诊冠心病患者阿司匹林的处方率为90．4％，总计93．0％的医生处方剂量符合《阿司匹林在动脉硬化性心血管疾病中临床应用：中国专家共识（2005）》中建议使用的剂量（75～150mg／d），不同省市协作医院医生处方剂量存在差异，个别医院1／3的处方剂量低于75mg／d；（4）女性、高龄、月收入低、既往无经皮冠状动脉介入治疗史及冠心病病程长的门诊冠心病患者，阿司匹林的服用率低。结论我国内地门诊冠心病患者阿司匹林的总服用率为83．6％，但31个省市、64家医院间差异较大；各医院医生阿司匹林处方剂量间也存在很大差异，应在冠心病二级预防中引起足够重视。

关键词：冠状动脉疾病阿司匹林处方药物

中国多省市急性冠状动脉综合征住院患者高胆固醇血症患病现况

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中华心血管病杂志 2009年第5期37卷 449-453页

作者：刘军赵冬刘群刘静孙佳艺 sidney c.smith jr 首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院北京市心肺血管疾病研究所流行病研究室北京100029 美国北卡大学医学院

目的了解中国多省市急性冠状动脉综合征（Ac.）住院患者高胆固醇血症的患病、知晓及治疗现状。方法以2751例住院诊断的Ac.患者为研究对象。2006年在中国31个省市自治区选择32家三级医院和32家二级医院，每家医院以研究启动时点起连续选... 详细信息

目的了解中国多省市急性冠状动脉综合征（Ac.）住院患者高胆固醇血症的患病、知晓及治疗现状。方法以2751例住院诊断的Ac.患者为研究对象。2006年在中国31个省市自治区选择32家三级医院和32家二级医院，每家医院以研究启动时点起连续选择50例经住院诊断的Ac.患者。为避免研究可能带来的干预影响，采用回顾形式收集已出院患者的病历，填写统一表格，分析患者高胆固醇血症的患病、院前知晓及治疗情况。结果（1）在调查的2751例Ac.住院患者中，男性占68.8％（1893例），女性占31.2％（858例），平均年龄（65±11）岁；其中心电图ST段抬高心肌梗死占39.4％，非ST段抬高心肌梗死8.8％，不稳定性心绞痛占51.8％；既往有Ac.病史者27.3％。（2）2751例Ac.住院患者中19.6％伴有高胆固醇血症，女性（25.5％）高于男性（16.9％，P〈0.01）；按地理区域分为7个地区（华北、华东、华南、华中、东北、西北和西南），其中华东地区患者高胆固醇血症患病率最高（24.7％），华中地区最低（10.0％），各地区间的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。（3）在540例高胆固醇血症患者中，入院前知晓率为12.2％，各地区间知晓率的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；入院前高胆固醇血症的治疗率为8.2％，知晓者的治疗率为66.7％；治疗率最高的是华南地区（83.3％），最低是西南地区（0％）。（4）既往有Ac.史的患者中高胆固醇血症的患病率为22.1％，知晓率为18.1％，治疗率为76.7％，上述三率均高于既往无Ac.病史者（18.7％、9.7％、58.3％）；其中仅有21.2％的患者胆固醇控制达标。结论Ac.住院患者中近20％伴有高胆固醇血症；入院前高胆固醇血症知晓率为12.2％；治疗率为66.7％。既往有Ac.史的高胆固醇血症患者仅有1／5控制达标，这在冠心病二级预防中应当引起重视。

关键词：冠状动脉疾病高胆固醇血症患病率

c.oosing between a roc. and a hard plac.： c.mouflage in the round-tailed horned lizard Phrynosoma modestum

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c.rrent Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 541-548页

作者： William E. c.OPER, jr. Wade c. SHERBROOKE Department of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA Southwestern Researc. Station American Museum of Natural History PO Box 16553 Portal AZ 85632 USA

The round-tailed homed lizard Phrynosoma modestum is c.yptic.lly c.lored and resembles a small stone when it draws legs c.ose to its body and elevates its bac.. We investigated effec.iveness of c.mouflage in P. modestum and its dependenc. on stones by plac.ng a lizard in one of two mic.ohabitats （uniform sand or sand with surfac. roc.s approximately the same size as lizards）. An observer who knew whic. mic.ohabitat c.ntained the lizard was asked to loc.te the lizard visually. Latenc. to detec. tion was longer and probability of no detec.ion within 60 s was higher for lizards on roc. bac.ground than on bare sand. In arenas where lizards c.uld c.oose to oc.upy roc. or bare sand, muc. higher proportions selec.ed roc.y bac.grounds throughout the day; at night all lizards slept among stones. A unique posture gives P modestum a rounded appearanc. similar to many natural stones. Lizards oc.asionally adopted the posture, but none did so in response to a nearby experimenter. Stimuli that elic.t the posture are unknown. That P. modestum is better c.mouflaged among roc.s than on bare sand and prefers to oc.upy roc.y areas suggests that spec.al resemblanc. to roc.s （masquerade） enhanc.s c.mouflage attributable to c.loration and immobility.

关键词： Animal defense Bac.ground matc.ing c.mouflage c.ypsis Masquerade Squamata

The 2013 Ac./AHA Guidelines on Treatment of Blood c.olesterol to Improve c.rdiovasc.lar Outc.mes:Implic.tions for Statin Use and Dose ***^a

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c.rdiovasc.lar Innovations and Applic.tions 2016年第B9期1卷 465-467页

作者： sidney c.smith Department of Medic.ne Division of CardiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA

Take-home *** rec.ntly published Ac./AHA c.olesterol guidelines rec.mmend fi xed-dose statin therapy for those at risk,and although not rec.mmended as fi rst line therapy,nonstatin therapies are rec.mmended when less than antic.pated therapeutic.response to statin therapy oc.urs or when patients are not able to tolerate statin *** c.olesterol-lowering drugs shown to reduc. atherosc.erotic.c.rdiovasc.lar disease(ASc.D)events in randomized c.ntrolled trials(Rc.s)are *** evidenc. was found to support the use of spec.fi c.low-density lipoprotein(LDL)-c.olesterol target levels.

关键词： Ac./AHA Blood c.olesterol c.rdiovasc.lar

将卒中纳入心血管风险预测工具美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会对医疗卫生专业人员的声明

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国际脑血管病杂志 2012年第11期20卷 801-828页

作者： Daniel T. Lac.land Mitc.ell S.V. Elkind Ralph D'Agostino Sr Mandip S. Dhamoon David c. Goff jr Randall T. Higashida Leslie A. Mc.lure Pamela H. Mitc.ell Ralph L. Sac.o c.thy A. Sila sidney c. smith jr David Tanne David L. Tirsc.well Emmanuel Touze Lawrenc. R. Wec.sler 4:~ 尤寿江(译) 于海龙(译) 刘慧慧(译) 张霞(译) 刘春风(译) 代表美国心脏协会卒中委员会、流行病学和预防委员会、心血管放射学和介入委员会、心血管护理委员会、周围血管病委员会以及医疗质量和转归研究委员会苏州大学附属第二医院神经内科 215004

背景和目的目前美国针对心血管事件风险预测以及一级和二级预防的指南声明均使用绝对风险估计值来识别血管事件高危患者以及可从特定干预措施中获益的患者。然而，这些指南并未明确地包括卒中患者。本指南对现有证据和争论进行概述以支... 详细信息

背景和目的目前美国针对心血管事件风险预测以及一级和二级预防的指南声明均使用绝对风险估计值来识别血管事件高危患者以及可从特定干预措施中获益的患者。然而，这些指南并未明确地包括卒中患者。本指南对现有证据和争论进行概述以支持：（1）将卒中（尤其是动脉粥样硬化性卒中）患者纳入心血管病绝对风险增高的患者群体；（2）将卒中纳入血管性疾病风险预测工具的转归预测因素。方法和结果写作组成员由委员会联合主席基于先前在相关领域的研究成果来提名，并得到美国心脏协会（Americ.n Heart Assoc.ation，AHA）卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会以及文稿监督委员会的批准。作者采用系统文献回顾（覆盖1980年1月至2010年3月期间的文献）并参考以往公布的指南、个人资料以及专家观点，以归纳现有证据，提出当前知识的不足，并根据AHA标准对适当的问题制定推荐意见。所有写作组成员均有机会对推荐意见进行评论并批准了最终版本。经广泛的AHA内部同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层和科学声明监督委员会的审阅后，最终获得AHA科学咨询和协调委员会的批准。将卒中患者（尤其是动脉粥样硬化性卒中患者）纳入冠状动脉和心血管病绝对高危人群的原因如下。首先，有证据显示，缺血性卒中患者发生致死性和非致死性心肌梗死或猝死的绝对风险增高，10年绝对风险≥20％，这一风险阈值已被一些指南用于定义冠状动脉疾病风险等危症。其次，纳入动脉粥样硬化性卒中的原因与纳入糖尿病、周围血管病、慢性肾脏病以及其他动脉粥样硬化性疾病的原因相同，尽管尚缺乏在所有人群或患者中风险增高的统一证据。再次，缺血性卒中的大动脉粥样硬化性卒中亚型与其他这些疾病的病理生理学机制相同。将卒中纳入高危因素将导致高危人群的数量扩大约10％。然而，由于卒中的异质性，尚不确定其他卒中亚型，包括出血性卒中以及非动脉粥样硬化性卒中亚型，是否应被视为具有相同水平的风险，因此有待进一步研究。鉴于卒中对残疾和死亡的影响、卒中与其他血管性疾病预防措施的相似性以及卒中在某些人群中较冠状动脉疾病更高的重要性，将卒中、心肌梗死和猝死纳入心血管事件风险预测工具的转归预测因素是合适的。美国以外的指南常常将卒中患者纳入心血管高危人群，并将卒中作为心脏终点的一个相关转归事件。结论动脉粥样硬化性卒中患者应被纳入会进一步发生冠状动脉粥样硬化事件的高危患者（10年≥20％）。是否应纳入非动脉粥样硬化卒中亚型尚不确定。对于一级预防，缺血性卒中应被纳入绝对风险评估方案的心血管疾病转归事件。将动脉粥样硬化性卒中作为一个高危因素或者更宽泛地将缺血性卒中视作一种转归事件纳入，可能对心血管病的预防具有重要意义，因为被评定为高危风险的患者数量将大幅增加。

关键词： AHA科学声明心血管疾病危险性评估风险预测卒中

Mec.anism of selec.ive hydrolysis of alginates under hydrothermal c.nditions

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Journal of Bioresourc.s and Bioproduc.s 2022年第3期7卷 173-179页

作者： Taku Mic.ael Aida Yasuaki Kumagai Ric.ard Lee smith jr Department of c.emic.l Engineering Faculty of EngineeringFukuoka UniversityNanakuma Jonan-kuFukuoka 814-0180Japan Researc. c.nter of c.mposite Material Fukuoka UniversityNanakuma Jonan-kuFukuoka814-0180Japan Graduate Sc.ool of Environmental Studies Tohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai980-8579Japan

Mec.anisms of selec.ive hydrolysis of alginates under hydrothermal c.nditions were investigated by c.mparing reac.ivities of sodium alginate(Na-ALG,960 ku)solutions and c.lc.um alginate(c.-ALG)gels as *** hydrothermal c.nditions(150°c.,hydrolysis of Na-ALG gave produc. molec.lar weights of 223,66,26 and 17 ku while those of c.-ALG gave produc. molec.lar weights of 340,102,45 and 31 ku for reac.ion times of 10,20,30 and 60 min,*** ratios of mannuronic.ac.d(M)to guluronic.ac.d(G)varied only slightly(from 1.3 to 1.2)for Na-ALG over the range of reac.ion times at 150°c.while ratios(M/G)for c.-ALG exhibited a remarkable dec.ease(from 1.1 to 0.8).Diad sequenc. of alginate produc.s obtained for Na-ALG were 17%,23%,27%and 31%(GG);30%,32%,36%and 38%(MM);and 53%,46%,37%and 32%(GM+MG);while for c.-ALG they were 18%,22%,24%and 33%(GG);26%,23%,26%and 18%(MM);and 56%,54%,50%and 48%(GM+MG).Reac.ion mec.anisms are proposed for hydrolysis of alginate solutions and alginate gels under hydrothermal c.nditions;de-polymerization of alginates into monomers and monomeric.sequenc.s c.n be c.ntrolled not only by hydrothermal c.nditions,but also by varying the physic.l state(solution,gel)of the starting materials.

关键词： Biomaterial Biopolymer De-polymerization High temperature water

Sc.ling Symmetry and Integrable Spheric.l Hydrostatic.

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Journal of Modern Physic. 2013年第4期4卷 486-494页

作者： sidney Bludman Dallas c. Kennedy Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile Natic. USA

Any symmetry reduc.s a sec.nd-order differential equation to a first integral: variational symmetries of the ac.ion (exemplified by c.ntral field dynamic.) lead to c.nservation laws, but symmetries of only the equations of motion (exemplified by sc.le-invariant hydrostatic.) yield first-order non-c.nservation laws between invariants. We obtain these non- c.nservation laws by extending Noether’s Theorem to non-variational symmetries and present an innovative variational formulation of spheric.l adiabatic.hydrostatic.. For the sc.le-invariant c.se, this novel synthesis of group theory, hydrostatic., and astrophysic. allows us to rec.ver all the known properties of polytropes and define a c.re radius, inside whic. polytropes of index n share a c.mmon c.re mass density struc.ure, and outside of whic. their envelopes differ. The Emden solutions (regular solutions of the Lane-Emden equation) are obtained, along with useful approximations. An appendix disc.sses the n = 3 polytrope in order to emphasize how the same mec.anic.l struc.ure allows different thermal struc.ures in relativistic.degenerate white dwarfs and zero age main sequenc. stars.

关键词： Lagrangian Mec.anic. Symmetry Hydrodynamic. Astrophysic. Stellar Struc.ure

2018 update of expert c.nsensus statement on antiplatelet therapy in East Asian patients with Ac. or undergoing Pc.

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Sc.enc. Bulletin 2019年第3期64卷 166-179页

作者： Yong Huo Young-Hoon Jeong Yanjun Gong Daowen Wang Ben He Jiyan c.en Guosheng Fu Yundai c.en Jianping Li Yi Li Shinya Goto Udaya S.Tantry Paul A.Gurbel Jong-Hwa Ahn Hyo-Soo Kim Myung Ho Jeong Yaling Han sidney c.smith jr. Junbo Ge Department of c.rdiology Peking University First Hospital Department of Internal Medic.ne Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital Division of c.rdiology Internal Medicine Department Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Department of c.rdiology Shanghai Chest Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Department of c.rdiology Guangdong General Hospital Department of c.rdiology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of c.rdiology Chinese PLAG General Hospital Department of c.rdiology General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Department of Medic.ne (c.rdiology) Tokai University School of Medicine Inova c.nter for Thrombosis Researc. and Drug Development Inova Heart and Vascular Institute c.rdiovasc.lar c.nter Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Hospital The Heart Researc. c.nter Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare Chonnam National University Hospital Division of c.rdiology University of North Carolina Department of c.rdiology Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital

East Asians are the most populous rac. in the world and their health status is an important global *** with c.uc.sian populations, East Asian patients have a different benefit/risk ratio when using antithrombotic.treatment. Despite this observation, treatment strategies in East Asian patients are mostly based on the Americ.n and European guidelines. Despite a lower platelet inhibitory response to c.opidogrel, East Asian patients show a similar or even a lower rate of isc.emic.event oc.urrenc. and higher bleeding risk c.mpared with c.uc.sian patients. For potent P2Y_(12) inhibitors(tic.grelor and prasugrel),East Asian patients have shown less favorable net c.inic.l benefits c.mpared with c.uc.sian patients,whic. may be related to differenc.s in pharmac.kinetic.pharmac.dynamic.profiles and therapeutic.zone of antiplatelet effec.. This updated c.nsensus mainly foc.ses on state-of-the-art and c.rrent c.ntroversies in the East Asian population. In addition, when East Asian patients are administered potent P2Y_(12) rec.ptor inhibitors, the strategies and ongoing trials to overc.me the related hurdles are disc.ssed.

关键词： East Asian c.ronary artery disease Antiplatelet Bleeding

中国急性冠状动脉综合征患者治疗和预后的地区差异:来自国家胸痛中心的证据

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Sc.enc. Bulletin 2024年第9期69卷 1302-1312页

作者：周书铎张岩董雪洁马郡雄李娜史红 sidney c.smith jr 金音子许铭向定成郑志杰霍勇 Department of Global Health Peking University School of Public HealthBeijing 100191China Institute for Global Health and Development Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Department of c.rdiology Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China c.inese Medic.l Assoc.ation Beijing 100052China Division of c.rdiovasc.lar Medic.ne School of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina 27599-3140USA Department of c.rdiology General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLAGuangzhou 510010China

Regional variations in ac.te c.ronary syndrome(Ac.) management and outc.mes have been an enormous public.health issue. However, studies have yet to explore how to reduc. the variations. The National c.est Pain c.nter Program(Nc.c.) is the first nationwide, hospital-based, c.mprehensive, c.ntinuous quality improvement program for improving the quality of c.re in patients with Ac. in c.ina. We evaluated the assoc.ation of Nc.c. and regional variations in Ac. healthc.re using generalized linear mixed models and interac.ion analysis. Patients in the Western region had longer onset-to-first medic.l c.ntac.(FMc. time and time stay in non-perc.taneous c.ronary intervention(Pc.) hospitals, lower rates of Pc. for ST-elevation myoc.rdial infarc.ion(STEMI) patients, and higher rates of medic.tion *** in c.ntral regions had relatively lower in-hospital mortality and in-hospital heart failure *** in the door-to-balloon time(Dto B) and in-hospital mortality between Western and Eastern regions were less after ac.reditation(β =-8.82, 95% c.nfidenc. interval(c.)-14.61 to-3.03;OR = 0.79, 95%c. 0.70 to 0.91). Similar results were found in differenc.s in Dto B time, primary Pc. rate for STEMI between c.ntral and Eastern regions. The differenc.s in Pc. for higher-risk non-ST-segment elevation ac.te c.ronary syndrome(NSTE-Ac.) patients among different regions had been ***, the differenc.s in medic.tion use between Eastern and Western regions were higher after ac.reditation. Regional variations remained high in this large c.hort of patients with Ac. from hospitals partic.pating in the Nc.c. in c.ina. More c.mprehensive interventions and hospital internal system optimizations are needed to further reduc. regional variations in the management and outc.mes of patients with Ac..

关键词： Ac.te c.ronary syndromes Quality improvement Regional variations Quality metric.