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Synthesis and relaxivity of Gd(Ⅲ), Fe(Ⅲ) and Mn(Ⅱ) complexes with dihydropyridine derivative of diethvlenetriaminepentaacetic acid

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Science China Chemistry 2005年第z1期48卷 93-96页

作者： CHANG Jianhua ZHENG shuzhan JIAN Yajun bai Yinjuan ZHANG Shiping Department of Chemistry Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China Department of Chemistry Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China Department of Chemistry Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China Department of Chemistry Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China Department of Chemistry Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China

A novel ligand of DTPA-dihydropyridine derivative was synthesized by reaction of DTPA-dianhydride with 4-aniline-1,4-dihydropyridine. Its complexes of gadolinium, manganese and iron were prepared. Their spin-lattice relaxivities (T1) were investigated. The results show that the NMR T1 relaxivitives (R1) for complexes of Fe(Ⅲ), Mn(Ⅱ) are less than that of Gd(Ⅲ) complex,which has a high relaxivity (R1) on the surrounding water protons, indicating that the Gd(Ⅲ) complex possesses the precondition to be contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging.

关键词： diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, dihydropyridine, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, relaxivity.

Influence of Diesel Engine Intake Throttle and Late Post Injection Process on the Rise of Temperature in the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2020年第3期16卷 573-584页

作者： Ke Sun Da Li Hao Liu shuzhan bai School of Energy and Power Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan250061China

In order to effectively implement DPF(Diesel Particulate Filters)regeneration control,thermal management of exhaust products before and inside Diesel Oxidation Catalyst(DOC)is *** the present study,the Influence of the intake throttle valve and late post injection process on temperature rise inside DOC is analyzed through engine bench *** steady experiment results show that adjustment of the intake throttle valve can effectively increase exhaust temperature before DOC;in particular,with intake throttle valve opening at 20%,temperature before DOC can be increased by about 170℃ with respect to the full *** increase in the late post injection quantity can produce a significant rise of the temperature inside DOC,however its impact on the exhaust temperature before DOC is relatively *** the late post injection quantity increases,Hydrocarbon(HC)emissions also grow;in the present work it is shown that with a proper injection quantity,a considerable temperature increase inside the DOC can be obtained with relatively low HC *** specifically,with the intake throttle valve at 30%and DOC reaching ignition temperature as the late post injection quantity is increased,the exhaust temperature after DOC can be made larger than 550℃,adequate for DPF active regeneration.

关键词： Exhaust thermal management diesel engine DOC intake throttle late post injection

Influence of Steam and Sulfide on High Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2020年第3期16卷 615-621页

作者： Jiyuan Zhang Linbo Wang Chengqiang Zhang shuzhan bai R&D Center Weichai Power Co.Ltd.Weifang261041China School of Energy and Power Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan250061China

The influences of steam and sulfide on the efficiency of NOx reduction using ammonia(NH_(3))over the nanometer-class V-W/Ti catalyst in conditions of high temperature is experimentally investigated using a steady-flow *** results showed that selective catalytic reduction(SCR)is inhibited by H_(2)O at low temperature,but higher NO conversion efficiency is achieved at high temperature since the reaction of NH_(3) oxidized by O_(2) to NOx is inhibited by H_(2)*** activity of SCR is promoted by SO_(2) in the temperature range of 200~500℃,the NO conversion efficiency was improved to 98%from 94%by adding SO_(2).SCR would be improved at 350~500℃ when H_(2)O and SO_(2) exist at the same ***,the positive influence to the NOx conversion was proved in the presence of H_(2)O and SO_(2) as a result of the European Stationary Cycle test.

关键词： High temperature selective catalytic reduction efficiency

CFD-Based Optimization of a Diesel Engine Waste Heat Recycle System

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第6期19卷 1479-1493页

作者： Da Li Guodong Zhang Ke Sun shuzhan bai Guoxiang Li School of Energy and Power Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan250061China

A dedicated heat exchanger model is introduced for the optimization of heavy-duty diesel *** model is a prerequisite for the execution of CFD simulations,which are used to improve waste heat recovery in these *** optimization methods coupled with different types of working fluids are compared in terms of exergy efficiency and heat exchanger *** three considered optimization methods all lead to significant improvements in the R245fa and R1233zd systems with a comparatively low evaporation *** optimal R245fa system has the highest efficiency increase(77.49%).The cyclopentane system displays the highest efficiency among the optimized ORC(Organic Rankine Cycle)systems,yet achieved by using a much heavier evaporator HEC(Heat Exchanging Core).In contrast,the 96.84%efficiency increase for the optimized R1233zd is achieved with only 68.96%evaporator weight.

关键词： Tube-fin heat exchanger heat exchanging core organic rankine cycle working fluid

Research on ECMS Based on Segmented Path Braking Energy Recovery in a Fuel Cell Vehicle

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Energy Engineering 2024年第1期121卷 95-110页

作者： Wen Sun Meijing Li Guoxiang Li Ke Sun shuzhan bai School of Energy and Power Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan250061China Automotive Research Institute China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Co.Ltd.Jinan250061China

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are widely regarded as having the potential to replace internal combustion engines in *** fuel cells cannot recover energy and have a slow dynamic response,they need to be used with different power *** efficient energy management strategies to achieve excellent fuel economy is the goal of *** paper proposes an adaptive equivalent fuel minimum consumption strategy(AECMS)to solve the problem of the poor economy of the whole vehicle caused by the wrong selection of equivalent factors(EF)in traditional *** this method,the kinematics interval is used to update the equivalent factor by considering the penalty term of energy recovery on SOC ***,the optimized equivalent factor is substituted into the optimization objective function to achieve efficient energy *** results under the New European Driving Cycle show that compared with the traditional ECMS based on fixed SOC benchmarks,the proposed method improves fuel economy by 1.7%while ensuring vehicle power and increases SOC by 30%.

关键词： Fuel cell PEMFC electric vehicle equivalent consumption minimization strategy

Assessment of the Application of Subcooled Fluid Boiling to Diesel Engines for Heat Transfer Enhancement

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2021年第6期17卷 1049-1066页

作者： Xiaoyu Hu Yi Wang Siyuan Li Qiang Sun shuzhan bai Guoxiang Li Ke Sun School of Energy and Power Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan250061China

The increasing demand of cooling in internal combustion engines(ICE)due to engine downsizing may require a shift in the heat removal method from the traditional single phase liquid convection to the application of new technologies based on subcooled fluid ***,in the present study,experiments based on subcooled flow boiling of 50/50 by volume mixture of ethylene glycol and water coolant(EG/W)in a rectangular channel heated by a cast iron block are *** degrees of subcooling,velocity and pressure conditions are *** of three empirical reference models shows that noticeable deviations occur especially when low bulk subcooling and velocity conditions are *** the basis of the experimental data,a modified power-type wall heat flux model is developed and its ability to represent adequately reality is tested through numerical simulations against a reference rig case and a practical diesel *** results show that this modified model can effectively be used for practical engine cooling system design.

关键词： Subcooled flow boiling diesel engine ethylene glycol/water mixture cast iron heated surfaces wall heat flux model

A Novel Method for the Application of the ECMS(Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy)to Reduce Hydrogen Consumption in Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第4期18卷 867-882页

作者： Wen Sun Hao Liu Ming Han Ke Sun shuzhan bai Guoxiang Li School of Energy and Power Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan250061China

Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles are currently being considered as ideal means to solve the energy crisis and global warming in today’s *** this context,this paper proposes a method to solve the problem related to the dependence of the so-called optimal equivalent factor(determined in the framework of the equivalent consumption minimum strategy-ECMS)on the working *** simulation results show that under typical conditions(some representative cities being considered),the proposed strategy can maintain the power balance;for different initial battery’s states of charge(SOC),after the SOC stabilizes,the fuel consumption is 5.25 L/100 km.

关键词： Energy management fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle dynamic programming adaptive equivalent consumption minimum strategy

Analysis of the Influence of Geometrical Parameters on the Performance of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第1期20卷 219-237页

作者： Guodong Zhang Huifang Tao Da Li Kewei Chen Guoxiang Li shuzhan bai Ke Sun School of Energy and Power Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan250061China Sinotruk Jinan Special Purpose Vehicle Co. Ltd.Jinan250117China

A suitable channel structure can lead to efficient gas distribution and significantly improve the power density of fuel *** this study,the influence of two channel design parameters is investigated,namely,the ratio of the channel width to the bipolar plate ridge width(i.e.,the channel ridge ratio)and the channel *** impact of these parameters is evaluated with respect to the flow pattern,the gas composition distribution,the temperature field and the fuel cell output *** results show that a decrease in the channel ridge ratio and an increase in the channel depth can effectively make the distributions of velocity,temperature and concentration more uniform in each channel and improve the output capability of the fuel *** increase in the channel ridge ratio and depth obviously reduces the flow resistance and improves the flow characteristics.

关键词： Hydrogen fuel cell bipolar plate flow channel multiphysics coupling

Analysis of Bubble Behavior in a Horizontal Rectangular Channel under Subcooled Flow Boiling Conditions

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2021年第1期17卷 81-95页

作者： Ke Sun Xiaoyu Hu Da Li Guodong Zhang Kui Zhao Haiyang Zhao shuzhan bai School of Energy and Power Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan250061China

Experiments on subcooled flow boiling have been conducted using water in a rectangular flow *** to the coolant channel in internal combustion engines(IC engines),the flow channel in this experiment was asymmetrically *** images were captured using a high speed camera from the side view of the *** experimental conditions in terms of bulk temperature,bulk velocity,pressure and heat flux ranged from 65°C–75°C,0.25 m/s–0.75 m/s,1–1.7 bar and 490 kW/m2–700 kW/m2,*** the basis of these tests,a statistical analysis of the bubble size has been conducted considering a population of 1400 *** has been found that the mean Sauter bubble diameter increases with the decrease of subcooling,bulk velocity,pressure and increased heat flux.A modified correlation has been finally proposed to predict the mean Sauter bubble diameter under subcooled flow boiling conditions upstream of the onset of significant void,which shows good accuracy with the experimental results.

关键词： Subcooled flow boiling horizontal rectangular channel mean Sauter bubble diameter