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Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis and Signaling by Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

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Molecular Plant 2014年第6期7卷 939-942页

作者： Juan Xu shuqun zhang State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China Division of Biochemistry Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA

Ethylene, a gaseous plant hormone, plays critical roles in plant growth, development, and response to environment. Ethylene-regulated processes are initiated by the elevation of ethylene biosynthesis, which is under tight control by a complex signaling network. An elevated level of ethyl- ene is then perceived by ethylene receptors in local and neighboring cells, which activates signaling pathways that lead to ethylene responses. Different types of tissues/cells have differential capacities in producing ethylene and dif- ferential sensitivity to ethylene, which are crucial to the diverse functions of ethylene in plants. This report high- lights recent advances in our understanding of kinases and phosphatases in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling.

关键词： Regulation (biology) Signal Transduction ethylene production Protein Kinases Phosphatase

Strong Coupling Polaron in a Slab of Polar Crystal

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Chinese Physics Letters 1994年第12期11卷 754-757页

作者： HUANG Zhuohe CHEN Chuanyu LIANG Shidong zhang shuqun Department of Physics Guangzhou Teachers CollegeGuangzhou 510400

By using the extensive Pekar's variational method,the strong coupling polaron energy and the effective mass in a slab of polar crystal including both LO-and SO-phonons are derived as a function of the thickness of slab and the coupling *** the slab is thin,the SO-phonons not only influence the ground state energy,but also make the polaronic effective mass become non-isotropic.

关键词： coupling polaron variational

Overlapping functions of YDA and MAPKKK3/MAPKKK5 upstream of MPK3/MPK6 in plant immunity and growth/development

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第8期64卷 1531-1542页

作者： Yidong Liu Emma Leary Obai Saffaf RFrank Baker shuqun zhang Division of Biochemistry University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Division of Biological Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Advanced Light Microscopy Core University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

Arabidopsis MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE3(MAPK3 or MPK3)and MPK6 play important signaling roles in plant immunity and growth/*** KINASE4(MKK4)and MKK5 function redundantly upstream of MPK3 and MPK6 in these ***(YDA),also known as MAPK KINASE KINASE4(MAPKKK4),is upstream of MKK4/MKK5 and forms a complete MAPK cascade(YDA–MKK4/MKK5–MPK3/MPK6)in regulating plant growth and *** plant immunity,MAPKKK3 and MAPKKK5 function redundantly upstream of the same MKK4/MKK5–MPK3/MPK6 ***,the residual activation of MPK3/MPK6 in the mapkkk3 mapkkk5 double mutant in response to flg22 pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)treatment suggests the presence of additional MAPKKK(s)in this MAPK cascade in signaling plant *** investigate whether YDA is also involved in plant immunity,we attempted to generate mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda triple ***,it was not possible to recover one of the double mutant combinations(mapkkk5 yda)or the triple mutant(mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda)due to a failure of *** the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPRassociated protein 9(Cas9)approach,we generated weak,N-terminal deletion alleles of YDA,yda-del,in a mapkkk3 mapkkk5 ***-triggered MPK3/MPK6 activation was further reduced in the mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda-del mutant,and the triple mutant was more susceptible to pathogen infection,suggesting YDA also plays an important role in plant immune *** addition,MAPKKK5 and,to a lesser extent,MAPKKK3 were found to contribute to gamete function and embryogenesis,together with *** the double homozygous mapkkk3 yda mutant showed the same growth and development defects as the yda single mutant,mapkkk5 yda double mutant and mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda triple mutants were embryo lethal,similar to the mpk3 mpk6 double *** results demonstrate that YDA,MAPKKK3,and MAPKKK5 have overlapping functions upstream of the MKK4/MKK5–MPK3/MPK6 module in bot

关键词： embryogenesis gamete transmission MAPK cascade MPK3/MPK6 MAPKKK3/MAPKKK5 plant immunity YDA

Dynamic spectrum allocations in multi-cells and intra-cell of cognitive network to enhance system performance

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High Technology Letters 2010年第3期16卷 280-287页

作者： Su Xi Shen shuqun Li Zheng zhang Lei School of Electronic Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 P.R. China

In this study, we propose new dynamic spectrum allocations in multi-cells and intra-cell of cognitive network to enhance system performance in terms of decreasing probability of interruption and spectrum handoff of communication services in a cognitive system. The inter-cells of the spectrum allocation mechanism is designed to share the risk of vacating spectrum caused by licensed incumbents re-occupying the spectrum and minimize probability of service interruption in the cognitive network. This mechanism also can guarantee fairness among multi-cells. The intra-cell of the proposed spectrum allocation is based on a service data hierarchical model and establishes a mapping mechanism between layered data and the spectrum. It can reduce probability of spectrum handoff. Finally, simulation results are given and show that the new mechanism can reduce service interruption ratio and the probability of spectrum handoff caused by licensed incumbents with re-occupying the spectrum.

关键词： cognitive radio dynamic spectrum allocation spectrum analysis risk sharing hierarchical model

Induction ofγ-aminobutyric acid plays a positive role to Arabidopsis resistance against Pseudomonas syringae^°°

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第11期62卷 1797-1812页

作者： Xiangxiong Deng Xuwen Xu Yu Liu Yan zhang Liuyi Yang shuqun zhang Juan Xu State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Division of Biochemistry University of MissouriColumbiaMissouri 65211USA

Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)is an important metabolite which functions in plant growth,development,and stress ***,its role in plant defense and how it is regulated are largely ***,we report a detailed analysis of GABA induction during the resistance response to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis *** searching for the mechanism underlying the pathogen-responsive mitogenactivated protein kinase(MPK)3/MPK6 signaling cascade in plant immunity,we found that activation of MPK3/MPK6 greatly induced GABA biosynthesis,which is dependent on the glutamate decarboxylase genes GAD1 and *** with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000(Pst)and Pst-avrRpt2 expressing the civrRpt2 effector gene induced GACH and GAD4 gene expression and increased the levels of *** evidence revealed that GAD1,GAD2,and GAD4 play important roles in bothGABA biosynthesis and plant resistance in response to Pst-avrRpt2 *** gad1/2/4 triple and gad1/2/4/5 quad-ruple mutants,in which the GABA levels were extremelylow,were more susceptible to both Pst and *** loss of MPK3/MPK6,or their upstream MKK4/MKK5,or their downstream substrate WRKY33 sup-pressed the induction of GAD1 and GAD4 expression afterPst-avrRpt2 *** findings shed light on both theregulation and role of GABA in the plant immunity to abacterial pathogen.

关键词： resistance Arabidopsis immunity

Co-regulation of indole glucosinolates and camalexin biosynthesis by CPK5/CPK6 and MPK3/MPK6 signaling pathways^°°

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第11期62卷 1780-1796页

作者： Liuyi Vang Yan zhang Rongxia Guan Sen Li Xuwen Xu shuqun zhang Juan Xu State Key Lab oratory of Plant Physiology and Biochem istry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Division of Biochemistry University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

Secondary plant metabolites,represented by indole glucosinolates(IGS)and camalexin,play important roles in Arabidopsis ***,we demonstrated the importance of MPK3 and MPK6,two closely related MAPKs,in regulating Botrytis cinerea(Bc)-induced IGS and camalexin *** we report that CPK5 and CPK6,two redundant calcium-dependent protein kinases(CPKs),are also involved in regulating the biosynthesis of these secondary *** loss-of-function of both CPK5 and CPK6 compromises plant resistance to *** profiling of CPK5-VK transgenic plants,in which a truncated constitutively active CPK5 is driven by a steroidinducible promoter,revealed that biosynthetic genes of both IGS and camalexin pathways are coordinately upregulated after the induction of CPK5-VK,leading to high-level accumulation of camalexin and 4-methoxyindole-3-ylmethylglucosinolate(4MI3G).Induction of camalexin and 4MI3G,as well as the genes in their biosynthesis pathways,is greatly compromised in cpks cpk6 mutant in response to *** a conditional cpk5 cpk6 mpk3 mpk6 quadruple mutant,Be resistance and induction of IGS and camalexin are further reduced in comparison to either cpks cpk6 or conditional mpk3 mpk6 double mutant,suggesting that both CPK5/CPK6 and MPK3/MPK6 signaling pathways contribute to promote the biosynthesis of 4MI3G and camalexin in defense against Be.

关键词： indole coordinate constitutive

Antitumor Research on Artemisinin and Its Bioactive Derivatives

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2018年第4期8卷 303-319页

作者： Yunqin zhang Guowei Xu shuqun zhang Dong Wang PSaravana Prabha Zhili Zuo State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry Kunming 650201YunnanChina

Cancer is the leading cause of human death which seriously threatens human *** antimalarial drug artemisinin and its derivatives have been discovered with considerable anticancer ***,a variety of target-selective artemisinin-related compounds with high efficiency have been *** researches indicated that artemisinin-related compounds have cytotoxic effects against a variety of cancer cells through pleiotropic effects,including inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells,promoting apoptosis,inducing cell cycle arrest,disrupting cancer invasion and metastasis,preventing angiogenesis,mediating the tumor-related signaling pathways,and regulating tumor *** importantly,artemisinins demonstrated minor side effects to normal cells and manifested the ability to overcome multidrug-resistance which is widely observed in cancer ***,we concentrated on the new advances and development of artemisinin and its derivatives as potential antitumor agents in recent 5 *** is our hope that this review could be helpful for further exploration of novel artemisinin-related antitumor agents.

关键词： Artemisinin Artemisinin derivatives Antitumor Activity Mechanism

The YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 Cascade Functions Downstream of the RGF1-RGI Ligand-Receptor Pair in Regulating Mitotic Activity in Root Apical Meristem

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Molecular Plant 2020年第11期13卷 1608-1623页

作者： Yiming Shao Xinxing Yu Xuwen Xu Yong Li Wenxin Yuan Yan Xu Chuanzao Mao shuqun zhang Juan Xu State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Division of Biochemistry University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA

The mitotic activity of root apical meristem(RAM)is critical to primary root growth and *** studies have identified the roles of ROOT GROWTH FACTOR 1(RGF1),a peptide ligand,and its receptors,RGF1 INSENSITIVEs(RGIs),a clade of five leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinases,in promoting cell division in the RAM,which determines the primary root ***,the downstream signaling components remain *** this study,we identify a complete mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK or MPK)cascade,composed of YDA,MKK4/MKK5,and MPK3/MPK6,that functions downstream of the RGF1-RGI ligand-receptor *** to the rgi1/2/3/4/5 quintuple mutant,loss-of-function mutants of MPK3 and MPK6,MKK4 and MKK5,or YDA show a short-root phenotype,which is associated with reduced mitotic activity and lower expression of PLETHORA 1(PLT1)/PLT2 in the ***,MPK3/MPK6 activation in response to exogenous RGF1 treatment is impaired in the rgi1/2/3/4/5 quintuple,yda single,and mkk4 m kk5 double *** analyses demonstrated that the expression of constitutively active MKK4,MKK5,or YDA driven by the RGI2 promoter can rescue the short-root phenotype of the rgi1/2/3/4/5 *** together,these results suggest that the YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 cascade functions downstream of the RGF1-RGI ligand-receptor pair and upstream of PLT1/PLT2 to modulate the stem cell population and primary root growth in Arabidopsis.

关键词： root meristem MPK3/MPK6 RGF1-RGIs PLT1/PLT2 signaling pathway Arabidopsis

Sporophytic control of anther development and male fertility by glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 1(OsGPT1) in rice

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第8期48卷 695-705页

作者： Aili Qu Yan Xu Xinxing Yu Qi Si Xuwen Xu Changhao Liu Liuyi Yang Yueping Zheng Mengmeng zhang shuqun zhang Juan Xu State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China Division of Biochemistry University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

Coordination between the sporophytic tissue and the gametic pollen within anthers is tightly controlled to achieve the optimal pollen fitness. Glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator(GPT) transports glucose-6-phosphate, a key precursor of starch and/or fatty acid biosynthesis, into plastids. Here, we report the functional characterization of Os GPT1 in the rice anther development and pollen fertility. Pollen grains from homozygous osgpt1 mutant plants fail to accumulate starch granules, resulting in pollen sterility. Genetic analyses reveal a sporophytic effect for this mutation. Os GPT1 is highly expressed in the tapetal layer of rice anther. Degeneration of the tapetum, an important process to provide cellular contents to support pollen development, is impeded in osgpt1 plants. In addition, defective intine and exine are observed in the pollen from osgpt1 plants. Expression levels of multiple genes that are important to tapetum degeneration or pollen wall formation are significantly decreased in osgpt1 anthers. Previously, we reported that At GPT1 plays a gametic function in the accumulation of lipid bodies in Arabidopsis pollen. This report highlights a sporophytic role of Os GPT1 in the tapetum degeneration and pollen development. The divergent functions of Os GPT1 and At GPT1 in pollen development might be a result of their independent evolution after monocots and dicots diverged.

关键词： Glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator Male fertility Starch accumulation Sporophytic control Pollen development Tapetum degeneration Intine and exine formation Rice