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Both small and large plants are likely to produce staminate(male)flowers in a hermaphrodite lily

Plant Diversity 2020年第3期42卷 142-147页

作者： EiEi Shwe Bo Wu shuang-quan huang Institute of Evolution and Ecology School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal University152 Luoyu AvenueHongshan DistrictWuhan430079China

Resource allocation to female and male function may vary among individual plants in species with variable sex ***-dependent sex allocation has been proposed in hermaphrodites,in which female-biased allocation may increase with plant *** many hermaphrodites with large floral displays,however,later-produced flowers tend to be functionally *** paradoxical relationship between female and male function and plant size remains poorly *** subalpine lily Lilium lankongense has individuals of three sexual types:males with only staminate flowers,hermaphrodites with only perfect flowers,and andromonoecious plants with both perfect and staminate *** we tested theoretical predictions of size-dependent sex allocation in *** by measuring plant height and flower number of individuals of each sex at five field sites in the mountainous region of Shangri-La,southwestern *** investigate variation in phenotypic gender,we identified sex expression of 457 individuals one year *** investigation showed that male plants,which usually produced one flower,were significantly smaller than and ro monoecious and hermaphrodite *** addition,the total flower numbers of andromonoecious and hermaphrodite plants increased significantly with plant *** individuals were more likely to produce terminal staminate flowers,as there were more flowers in andromonoecious than in hermaphrodite ***-flowered plants were significantly smaller than flowering *** flowers had significantly larger petals and pistils than staminate flowers,but they did not differ in dry weight of *** findings indicate that when plants are small,the less costly sex is favored,consistent with the‘size-advantage hypothesis’.When plants are large,both female and male investments change isometrically,as later-produced flowers tend to be functionally male.

关键词： Andromonoecy Plant size Lilium lankongense Phenotypic gender Size-dependent sex allocation Staminate flower

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Discovery of Gynoecium Color Polymorphism in an Aquatic Plant

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第9期50卷 1178-1182页

作者： shuang-quan huang Xiao-Xin Tang College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

Flower color polymorphism exhibited by natural populations provides an opportunity for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms contributing to the diversity of floral morphology. However, little is known about the color polymorphism of female organs in flowering plants. Here we report gynoecium color polymorphism in Butornus urnbellatus （Butomaceae）, an emergent, aquatic monocot. Populations from Mishan, northeastern China comprised two morphs; gynoecia are either pink, as observed in other areas, or white. We measured floral traits and female fecundity in the two gynoecium color morphs in the field. There was no significant difference in plant height, pedicel length, and flower size including petal, sepal and gynoecium between the two morphs, but plants with pink gynoecia had wider inflorescence stalks, larger inner whorl anthers and produced more pollen and ovules than those with white gynoecia. Correspondingly, we found that seed production was significantly higher in the pink than in the white morph. This new finding suggested selection against white gynoecia in part because of low fecundity, consistent with the rarity of the white gynoecium morph in this species.

关键词： Butomus umbellatus female fecundity floral traits flower color polymorphism gynoecium morphs pollen and ovule production.

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Elevational and temporal patterns of pollination success in distylous and homostylous buckwheats(Fagopyrum)in the Hengduan Mountains

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Plant Diversity 2024年第5期46卷 661-670页

作者： Ling-Yun Wu shuang-quan huang Ze-Yu Tong Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062China Institute of Evolution and Ecology School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China

Reproductive strategies of sexually dimorphic plants vary in response to the ***,we ask whether the sexual systems of Fagopyrum species(i.e.,selfing homostylous and out-crossing distylous)represent distinct adaptive strategies to increase reproductive success in changing alpine *** answer this question,we determined how spatial and temporal factors(e.g.,elevation and peak flowering time)affect reproductive success(i.e.,stigmatic pollen load)in nine wild Fagopyrum species(seven distylous and two homostylous)among 28 populations along an elevation gradient of 1299-3315 m in the Hengduan Mountains,southwestern *** also observed pollinators and conducted hundreds of hand pollinations to investigate inter/intra-morph compatibility,self-compatibility and pollen limitation in four Fagopyrum species(two distylous and two homostylous).We found that Fagopyrum species at higher elevation generally had bigger flowers and more stigmatic pollen loads;lateflowering individuals had smaller flowers and lower pollen *** pollen deposition was more variable in distylous species than in homostylous *** seed set was not pollenlimited in all species,we found that fruit set was much lower in distylous species,which rely on frequent pollinator visits,than in homostylous species capable of autonomous *** findings that pollination success increases at high elevations and decreases during the flowering season suggest that distylous and homostylous species have spatially and temporally distinct reproductive strategies related to environment-dependent pollinator activity.

关键词： Biodiversity hotspot Elevation gradient Fagopyrum Stigmatic pollen load Temporal pattern

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Interspecific pollen transfer between two coflowering species was minimized by bumblebee fidelity and differential pollen placement on the bumblebee body

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第2期8卷 109-115页

作者： Zhi-Huan huang Huan-Le Liu shuang-quan huang State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityNo.299 Bayi RoadWuchang DistrictWuhan 430072China School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University152 Luoyu AvenueHongshan DistrictWuhan 430079China

Aims When sympatric flowering plant species in a natural community share pollinators,study of plant-plant interactions via interspecific pollen transfer(iPT)is essential for understanding species ***,little is known about the extent of iPT between interactive species and its *** To explore how sympatric flowering plants sharing pollinators mini-mize deleterious effects of iPT,we investigated the pollination ecol-ogy of two endemic species,Salvia przewalskii and Delphinium yuanum,in an alpine meadow in the Hengduan mountains,southwest *** quantified conspecific and interspecific visits by shared bumblebee pollinators,amounts of pollen placed on different body sites of the pollinators and stigmatic pollen loads on open-pollinated *** examine whether iPT affects female fitness,we measured pollen germination and seed production in the two species in an artificial pollination *** Findingsone bumblebee species,Bombus trifasciatus,was found to be the sole effective pollinator for the two coflowering *** experiments indicated that deposition of heterospecific pollen could significantly decrease seed set in both *** showed that *** pollen could germinate well on stigmas of ***,inhibiting conspecific pollen germination in ***,seed set was not lower under open pollination than under cross-pollination within species,suggesting that no female fitness loss was caused by *** foraging bouts with pollinator switches,switches from *** to *** were relatively more fre-quent(8.27%)than the converse(1.72%).However,iPT from ***-walskii to *** accounted for only 1.82%of total stigmatic pollen loads while the reverse iPT to *** was 8.70%,indi-cating that more switches of bumblebees to *** did not result in higher *** contrast,selection for reduced iPT to *** would limit pollinator switches from *** found that a bumb

关键词： pollination competition interspecific pollen transfer pollinator fidelity pollen placement bumblebees pollen germination female reproductive success Salvia przewalskii Delphinium yuanum

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Effects of floral sexual investment and dichogamy on floral longevity

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第2期8卷 116-121页

作者： Jie Gao Ying-Ze Xiong shuang-quan huang State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityNo.299 Bayi RoadWuchang DistrictWuhan 430072China School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University152 Luoyu AvenueHongshan DistrictWuhan 430079China

Aims Floral longevity,the duration that a flower remains open and func-tional,varies greatly among *** in floral longevity has been considered to be optimal strategy for resource allocation under different ecological conditions,mainly determined by the rates of pollination and cost of flower ***,it is unclear whether an intrinsic factor,floral sexual investment,con-strains evolution of floral *** theoretical model also pre-dicts that dichogamy favors long-lived flowers,but empirical studies to test this prediction remain *** To examine the effect of floral sexual investment on floral longevity,we measured flower size together with pollen and ovule production in 37 sympatric flowering plants in a natural *** duration of the female and male phase in 21 protandrous species and floral longevity of the other 16 adichogamous species were documented in the *** Findings Floral longevity varied from 1 day to 15 days,while pollen num-ber per flower varied from 643 to 710880 and ovule number per flower from 1 to 426 in the 37 *** size was corre-lated with pollen production as well as ovule *** longevity was positively related to pollen production but not to ovule *** with the prediction that dichogamy favors long-lived flowers,we found the floral longevity of pro-tandrous species was significantly longer than that of adichoga-mous *** the protandrous species,pollen production per flower was observed to be positively related to male duration,while ovule production was not related to female *** analyses of variation in floral longevity and sexual investment among different species suggest that the floral sexual investment could be an intrinsic factor contributing to the selected floral longevity,particularly the male phase,and that high pollen pro-duction could potentially increase pollen removal,*** pro-ductive success.

关键词： floral longevity female phase duration male phase duration flower size floral sexual investment dichogamy

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Are long corolla tubes in Pedicularis driven by pollinator selection?

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第8期58卷 698-700页

作者： shuang-quan huang Xiang-Ping Wang Shi-Guo Sun School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University College of Life Sciences Wuhan University

The evolution of long corolla tubes has been hypothesized to be driven by long-tongued *** tubes in Pedicularis species can be longer than 10 cm which may function as flower stalks to increase visual attractiveness to pollinators because these species provide no nectar and are pollinated by bumblebees. The corolla tube length was manipulated（shorter or longer） in two Pedicularis species in field to examine whether longer tubes are more attractive to pollinators and produce more seeds than short tubes. Our results did not support the pollinator attraction hypothesis, leaving the evolution of long tubes in Pedicularis remains mysterious.

关键词： Bumblebees Pedicularis corolla tube length floral evolution long-tongued

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Mast fruiting in a hawkmoth- pollinated orchid Habenaria glaucifolia: an 8-year survey

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第2期8卷 136-141页

作者： Ying-Ze Xiong Chang-Qiu Liu shuang-quan huang School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University152 Luoyu AvenueHongshan DistrictWuhan 430079China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650204China

Aims The hypothesis of predator satiation has been proposed to explain mast fruiting in various flowering *** considers that the simultaneous production of large numbers of seeds by a plant population reduces the risk of seed predation for each *** produce huge numbers of seeds per fruit and rarely experience seed *** remains unclear which factors may affect fluctuating fruit production in orchids,which generally suffer a widespread pol-len *** explore the temporal pattern of fruiting and poten-tial factors related to fluctuation in fruit production,we investigated reproductive success of a long-spurred orchid(Habenaria glaucifo-lia)in an alpine meadow with thousands of individuals over 8 *** To estimate reproductive success,pollinator observation was con-ducted by day and at night,and pollinia removal and receipt were recorded in the field population for 8 *** examine whether fruit set and seed set are pollen limited,we conducted supple-mentary pollination experiments and compared fruit set,seed set and pollinia movement of open-pollinated flowers from 2011 to *** measured lengths of spurs and pollinator probos-cises,and nectar volume and concentration,to identify potential *** Findings Hawkmoths were seen to be effective pollinators for ***-folia in 3 years,whereas in the remaining 5 years no pollinators were observed,and consequently pollinia were rarely *** pollinia movements were observed in 2012,2013 and 2014(pollinia removal:48,59 and 85%;pollinia receipt 51,70 and 80%),and correspondingly fruit set was significantly higher in 2012 and 2013(59 and 46%)than in 2011(25%).it was fruit set,rather than seed set,that was pollen limited in this orchid in the 3 years,in that supplementary pollination increased fruit set but did not increase seed set per fruit compared to *** species of hawkmoths had proboscis lengths that matched the spur length of ***

关键词： Habenaria glaucifolia mast fruiting orchidaceae pollinator scarcity pollen limitation pollinia movement ‘sit and wait’strategy

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Shortened anther-stigma distance reduces compatible pollination in two distylous Primula species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第2期9卷 224-232页

作者： Shu-Juan Liu Ling-Yun Wu shuang-quan huang State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityNo.299 Bayi RoadWuchang DistrictWuhan 430072China School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University152 Luoyu AvenueHongshan DistrictWuhan 430079China

Aims Distyly has been regarded as an adaptation to improve compatible pollination between two floral morphs with reciprocal *** hypothesis that the different positions of anthers and stigmas within flowers as well as their reciprocal position between morphs,reduce the probability of self pollination raised by Darwin has been rarely *** this study,we measured stigmatic pollen loads in response to reduced reciprocal herkogamy in two Primula *** To see whether reciprocal herkogamy can increase compatible and/or reduce incompatible pollen deposition,thus promoting compat-ible pollination,we shortened the distance between anthers and stigmas within the flowers by changing the position of the corolla tube,to which the anthers were fused,*** herkogamy in natural populations of Primula secundiflora and *** and quantified stigmatic pollen loads in the field over 2 *** Findingsin both species,stigmatic pollen loads were significantly higher in the long-styled(l-morph)than in the short-styled morph(s-morph)in both control and manipulated flowers,but percentage of compatible pollen in s-morph were *** manipulated to halve the anther-stigma distance showed a similar pattern for 2 years:total pollen grain counts on stigmas did not differ significantly but compatible pollen grains in l-and s-morphs were significantly decreased in both *** percentage of compatible pollen loads was decreased by 68.7%in *** and 65.3%in *** in l-morphs,while it decreased by 30.6%and 2.9%in s-morphs,*** manipulation of the relative position of anthers and stigmas in the two distylous species indicated that a lower degree of herkogamy reduced compatible but incompatible pollen transfer was likely to *** higher proportion of compatible pollen in the s-morph than in the l-morph in the two Primula species could be attributed to the accessibility of two-level sexual organs,floral orientations

关键词： istyly compatible pollination floral trait Primula reciprocal herkogamy stigmatic pollen load.

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Does persistence of showy calyces in Limonium leptolobum enhance pollinator attraction?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第2期8卷 182-186页

作者： Ai-Qin Zhang shuang He Ya-Xin Zhai shuang-quan huang College of Life Science and Technology Xinjiang UniversityNo.14 Victory AvenueUrumqi 830046China School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University152 Luoyu AvenueHongshan DistrictWuhan 430079China

Aims The calyx,the outermost whorl of a flower(usually green),has been considered to function to protect *** some species,how-ever,calyces are colorful and retained during seed *** species have been exploited as cut flower crops because the calyces persist for several months after the corolla has *** explore the adaptive significance of the persistent calyx in a desert plant Limonium leptolobum,we ask whether persistence of caly-ces can enhance pollinator attraction by enlarging floral displays,increasing reproductive success in this self-incompatible *** The yellow flower of *** lasted 1-2 days but its white,membranous calyx extended fully after the corolla closed,and per-sisted for over 2 months in the field,making hundreds of‘showy flowers’on one *** examine the ecological function of calyces,we test the pollinator attraction *** an experi-mental population,we compared the difference in visit frequency and visitor behavior between intact inflorescences and inflores-cences with their calyces removed on the same individual *** findingsin four experimental plots four types of floral visitors were observed including bees,butterflies,syrphid flies and day-flying *** significant preference was observed between calyx-free and intact inflorescences for both first arrivals and total visit frequency of all types of floral visitors,indicating that the persistence of calyces did not make plants more attractive to potential *** pollina-tor attraction hypothesis for the showy calyces was not supported by the current *** the calyx in this desert plant helps seed development or has other functions needs further study.

关键词： Limonium leptolobum calyx floral traits pollinator preference advertisement ecological function

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Lethal effects of tea-oil Camellia on honeybee larvae due to pollen toxicity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第11期66卷 2313-2316页

作者： Chuan Zhang Hui-Hui Feng Ya-Lei Liu shuang-quan huang Institute of Evolution and Ecology School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Colleges of Life Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Flowers in the tea family (Theaceae) are bowl-shaped,with numerous anthers presenting large amounts of freely accessible pollen *** that flower mainly in winter and early spring are pollinated by bees and/or *** the 1950s,beekeepers in China observed larval mortality if honeybees (Apis cerana) had foraged on the flowers of Camellia oleifera (Zhu,1957).

关键词： Camellia oleifera flowers

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