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Integrative Zoology 2015年第2期10卷 186-198页

作者： xuming ZHOU Fengming SUN shixia xu Guang YANG Ming LI Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China CUHK-BGI Innovation Institute of Trans-omics Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong KongChina BGI-Shenzhen ShenzhenChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina

The well-accepted Euarchonta grandorder is a pruned version of Archonta nested within the Euarchontoglires(or Supraprimates)*** present,it includes tree shrews(Scandentia),flying lemurs(Dermoptera)and primates(Primates).Here,a phylogenomic dataset containing 1912 exons from 22 representative mammals was compiled to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within this *** analyses and hypothesis testing suggested that tree shrews can be classified as a sister group to Primates or to Glires or even as a basal clade within *** analyses of both modified and original previously published datasets found that the phylogenetic position of tree shrews is *** also found that two of three exonic indels reported as synapomorphies of Euarchonta in a previous study do not unambiguously support the monophyly of such a ***,the monophyly of both Euarchonta and Sundatheria(Dermoptera+Scandentia)are *** dating and divergence rate analyses suggested that the ancestor of Euarchontoglires experienced a rapid divergence,which may cause the unresolved position of tree shrews even using the whole genomic data.

关键词： Euarchonta Euarchontoglires phylogenomics tree shrews

Genomic insights into adaptation to bipedal saltation and desert-like habitats of jerboas

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 2003-2015页

作者： Simin Chai Yujie Chong Daiqing Yin Qiang Qiu shixia xu Guang Yang Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Jerboas is a lineage of small rodents displaying atypical mouse-like morphology with elongated strong hindlimbs and short *** have evolved obligate bipedal saltation and acute senses,and been well-adapted to vast desert-like *** a newly sequenced chromosome-scale genome of the Mongolian five-toed jerboa(Orientallactaga sibirica),our comparative genomic analyses and in vitro functional assays showed that the genetic innovations in both protein-coding and non-coding regions played an important role in jerboa morphological and physiological ***-specific amino acid substitutions,and segment insertions/deletions(indels)in conserved non-coding elements(CNEs)were found in components of proteoglycan biosynthesis pathway(XYLT1 and CHSY1),which plays an important role in limb ***,we found specific evolutionary changes functionally associated with energy or water metabolism(e.g.,specific amino acid substitutions in ND5 and indels in CNEs physically near ROR2)and senses(e.g.,expansion of vomeronasal receptors and the FAM136A gene family)in *** dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that some of the CNEs with jerboa-specific segment indels exerted a significantly different influence on luciferase activity,suggesting changes in their regulatory function in *** results revealed the potential molecular mechanisms underlying jerboa adaptation since the divergence from the Eocene-Oligocene transition,and provided more resources and new insights to enhance our understanding of the molecular basis underlying the phenotypic diversity and the environmental adaptation of mammals.

关键词： jerboa adaptive evolution comparative genomics conserved non-coding elements bipedal saltation

Evolutionary changes of Hox genes and relevant regulatory factors provide novel insights into mammalian morphological modifications

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第1期13卷 21-35页

作者： Kui LI Xiaohui SUN Meixiu CHEN Yingying SUN Ran TIAN Zhengfei WANG shixia xu Guang YANG Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China

The diversity of body plans of mammals accelerates the innovation of lifestyles and the extensive adaptation to different habitats,including terrestrial,aerial and aquatic ***,the genetic basis of those phenotypic modifications,which have occurred during mammalian evolution,remains poorly *** the present study,we synthetically surveyed the evolutionary pattern of Hox clusters that played a powerful role in the morphogenesis along the head-tail axis of animal embryos and the main regulatory factors(Mll,Bmi1 and E2f6)that control the expression of Hox genes.A deflected density of repetitive elements and lineage-specific radical mutations of Mll have been determined in marine mammals with morphological changes,suggesting that evolutionary changes may alter Hox gene expression in these lineages,leading to the morphological modification of these *** no positive selection was detected at certain ancestor nodes of lineages,the increasedωvalues of Hox genes implied the relaxation of functional constraints of these genes during the mammalian evolutionary *** importantly,49 positively-selected sites were identified in mammalian lineages with phenotypic modifications,indicating adaptive evolution acting on Hox genes and regulatory *** addition,3 parallel amino acid substitutions in some Hox genes were examined in marine mammals,which might be responsible for their streamlined body.

关键词： evolutionary changes Hox genes mammals morphological modifications

Molecular evolution of spermatogenesis-related genes in abdominal testicular mammals supports the cooling hypothesis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第12期48卷 1139-1141页

作者： Xiaoyue Ding Huiyuan Wei xu Zhou Long Gu Fangfang Yu Yu Zheng shixia xu Guang Yang Wenhua Ren Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China

Testes,which are mainly responsible for producing sperm and secreting male hormones,are the functional center of the male reproductive system in *** embryonic development in mammals with descended testes,the testicles... 详细信息

关键词： cavity hypothesis

Tramadol reinforces antidepressant effects of ketamine with increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin-related kinase B in rat hippocampus

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Frontiers of Medicine 2012年第4期6卷 411-415页

作者： Chun Yang Xiaomin Li Nan Wang shixia xu Jianjun Yang Zhiqiang Zhou Department of Anesthesiology Jinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing 210002China

Ketamine exerts rapid and robust antidepressant properties in both animal models and depressed patients and tramadol possesses potential antidepressant ***-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)is an important biomarker for mood disorders and tropomyosin-related kinase B(TrkB)is a high affinity catalytic receptor for *** hypothesized that tramadol pretreatment might reinforce ketamine-elicited antidepressant effects with significant changes in hippocampal BDNF and TrkB levels in *** time of rats receiving different treatment in the forced swimming test(FST)was *** of BDNF and TrkB in hippocampus were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent *** showed that tramadol(5 mg/kg)administrated alone neither elicited antidepressant effects nor altered BDNF or TrkB ***,pretreatment with tramadol(5 mg/kg)enhanced the ketamine(10 mg/kg)-elicited antidepressant effects and upregulated the BDNF and TrkB levels in *** conclusion,tramadol pretreatment reinforces the ketamine-elicited antidepressant effects,which is associated with the increased levels of BDNF and TrkB in rat hippocampus.

关键词： tramadol ketamine antidepressant brain-derived neurotrophic factor tropomyosin-related kinase B

Comparative analyses of aging-related genes in long-lived mammals provide insights into natural longevity

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The Innovation 2021年第2期2卷 31-39页

作者： Zhenpeng Yu Inge Seim Mengxin Yin Ran Tian Di Sun Wenhua Ren Guang Yang shixia xu Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Integrative Biology Laboratory College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Biology and Environmental Science Faculty of Science and EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Extreme longevity has evolved multiple times during the evolution of mammals,yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely ***,we compared the evolution of 115 aging-related genes in 11 long-lived species and 25 mammals with non-increased lifespan(control group)in the hopes of better understanding the common molecular mechanisms behind *** identified 16 unique positively selected genes and 23 rapidly evolving genes in long-lived species,which included nine genes involved in regulating lifespan through the insulin/IGF-1 signaling(IIS)pathway and 11 genes highly enriched in immune-response-related pathways,suggesting that the IIS pathway and immune response play a particularly important role in exceptional mammalian ***,11 genes related to cancer progression,including four positively selected genes and seven genes with convergent amino acid changes,were shared by two or more long-lived lineages,indicating that long-lived mammals might have evolved convergent or similar mechanisms of cancer resistance that extended their *** suggestion was further corroborated by our identifi-cation of 12 robust candidates for longevity-related genes closely related to cancer.

关键词： mammals longevity positive selection IIS pathway immune response cancer resistance

Evolutionary genetics of cetacean cancer resistance from Hippo pathway

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Evolutionary genetics of cetacean cancer resistance from Hip...

第十六届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会

作者： Linxia Sun Qian Kong Wenhua Ren Guang Yang shixia xu Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal University

Cetacea was reported to have lower cancer rate than other mammals and might evolved cancer resistance molecular mechanisms. This study performed evolutionary analysis on the Hippo pathway, a classic tumor suppression signaling, in cetaceans. Evidence of positive selection and cetacean specific changes were identified in cetaceans, which was one reason of cetacean resistance. By contrast, a cetacean specific change A214S led to YAP1 protein locating in cytoplasm that might cause cancer resistance. We suggested cetacean YAP1 might play role in cetacean cancer resistance. Further, tumor suppression genes, cell cycle genes and DNA repair genes were upregulated by overexpressing dolphin YAP1 and zebrafish YAP1 carrying cetacean specific change A214S, which might regulate cancer resistance in cetaceans. This study could provide some novel insights into the evolution of cetacean cancer resistance.

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Stronger selective constraint on downstream genes along the oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathway of cetaceans

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Stronger selective constraint on downstream genes along the ...

第十三届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会暨第六届中国西部动物学学术研讨会

作者： Ran Tian shixia xu Daiqing Yin Yanzhi Liu Guang Yang Nanjing Normal University

The oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS)signaling pathway is an efficient way to produce energy of adenosine triphosphate(ATP),which is most crucial for sustaining an energy supply for cetaceans in a hypoxic *** studies have shown that natural selection may shape the evolution of the genes involved in ***,how network architecture drives OXPHOS protein sequence evolution remains poorly ***,

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Molecular evolution of tooth-related genes provides new insights into divergent feeding habits of mammals

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Molecular evolution of tooth-related genes provides new insi...

第十三届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会暨第六届中国西部动物学学术研讨会

作者： Yuan Mu Ran Tian Di Sun shixia xu Guang Yang Nanjing Normal University

Mammals have evolved into different tooth phenotypes,yet the genetic basis remains poorly ***,we retrieved coding sequences of 13 tooth-related genes from about 60 mammals(AMELX,AMBN,ENAM,AMTN,ODAM,KLK4,MMP20,DSPP,COL1A1,DMP1,IBSP,MEPE and SPP1)to determine the relationship between evolutionary pattern of tooth-related genes and different feeding *** results showed stronger positive

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Adaptive changes in BMAL2 with enhanced awakening ability drive the evolution of unihemispheric slow–wave sleep in mammals

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Adaptive changes in BMAL2 with enhanced awakening ability dr...

第十六届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会

作者： Daiqing Yin Biao Zhang Yujie Chong Wenhua Ren shixia xu Guang Yang Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Nanjing Normal University

Marine mammals, especially cetaceans, have evolved a very special form of sleep characterized by unihemispheric slow–wave sleep(USWS) and a negligible amount or complete absence of rapid-eye-movement(REM) sleep;however, the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we detected unique, significant selection signatures in basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 2(BMAL2), a key circadian gene, in marine mammal lineages, and identified two nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions(K204E, K346Q) in the important PAS domain of cetacean BMAL2 by sequence comparison with other mammals. In vitro assays revealed that these cetacean-specific mutations specifically enhanced the response to E-boxlike enhancer and consequently promoted the transcriptional activation of PER2, which is closely linked to sleep regulation. The increased PER2 expression, which was further confirmed both in vitro and in vivo, is beneficial for allowing cetaceans to maintain continuous movement and alertness during sleep. Concordantly, the locomotor activities of zebrafish overexpressing cetacean-specific mutant bmal2 were significantly higher than zebrafish overexpressing the wild-type gene. Subsequently, transcriptome analyses revealed that cetacean-specific mutations caused the upregulation of arousal-related genes and the downregulation of several sleep-promoting genes, which is consistent with the need to suppress whole-brain sleep drive and maintain hemispheric arousal during USWS. Our findings suggest the potential close link between adaptive changes in BMAL2 and the remarkable adaptation of USWS, and may provide novel insights into the genetic basis for the evolution of animal sleep.

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