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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 403-414页

作者： Soumil Y.Joshi Samrendra singh Sanket A.Deshmukh Department of Chemical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA24061USA

Quantification of shape changes in nature-inspired soft material architectures of stimuli-sensitive polymers is critical for controlling their properties but is challenging due to their softness and ***,we have computationally designed uniquely shaped bottlebrushes of a thermosensitive polymer,poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM),by controlling the length of side chains along the ***-grained molecular dynamics simulations of solvated bottlebrushes were performed below and above the lower critical solution temperature of *** analyses(free volume,asphericity,etc.)show that lengths of side chains and their immediate environments dictate the compactness and bending in these *** further developed 100 unique convolutional neural network models that captured molecular-level features and generated a statistically significant quantification of the similarity between different ***,our study provides insights into the shapes of complex architectures as well as a general method to analyze *** shapes presented here may inspire the synthesis of new bottlebrushes.

关键词： convolution chains dynamics

Neuroprotective effects of Alda-1 mitigate spinal cord injury in mice:involvement of Alda-1-induced ALDH2 activation-mediated suppression of reactive aldehyde mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 185-193页

作者： Mushfiquddin Khan Fei Qiao Pavan Kumar S.M.Touhidul Islam Avtar K.singh Jeseong Won Inderjit singh Department of Pediatrics Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Ralph H.Johnson va Medical Center CharlestonSCUSA

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is associated with high production and excessive accumulation of pathological 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal(4-HNE),a reactive aldehyde,formed by SCI-induced metabolic dysregulation of membrane *** aldehyde load causes redox alteration,neuroinflammation,neurodegeneration,pain-like behaviors,and locomotion *** scavenging of reactive aldehydes results in limited improved motor and sensory *** this study,we targeted the activity of mitochondrial enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2)to detoxify 4-HNE for accelerated functional recovery and improved pain-like behavior in a male mouse model of contusion SCI.N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide(Alda-1),a selective activator of ALDH2,was used as a therapeutic tool to suppress the 4-HNE *** was induced by an impactor at the T9–10 vertebral *** animals were initially treated with Alda-1 at 2 hours after injury,followed by once-daily treatment with Alda-1 for 30 consecutive *** function was evaluated by the Basso Mouse Scale,and pain-like behaviors were assessed by mechanical allodynia and thermal ***2 activity was measured by enzymatic assay.4-HNE protein adducts and enzyme/protein expression levels were determined by western blot analysis and histology/*** resulted in a sustained and prolonged overload of 4-HNE,which parallels with the decreased activity of ALDH2 and low functional ***-1 treatment of SCI decreased 4-HNE load and enhanced the activity of ALDH2 in both the acute and the chronic phases of ***,the treatment with Alda-1 reduced neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,and neuronal loss and increased adenosine 5′-triphosphate levels stimulated the neurorepair process and improved locomotor and sensory ***,the results provide evidence that enhancing the ALDH2 activity by Alda-1 treatment of SCI mice suppresses the 4-HNE load that attenuates neuroinfl

关键词： 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal Alda-1 ALDH2 Basso Mouse Scale score functional recovery mitochondrial function neuroinflammation neuroprotection pain spinal cord injury

Primary graft dysfunction following lung transplantation:From pathogenesis to future frontiers

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第3期13卷 58-85页

作者： Sanjeet singh Avtaar singh Sudeep Das De Ahmed Al-Adhami Ramesh singh Peter MA Hopkins PhilipAlan Curry Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SAUnited Kingdom Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUnited Kingdom Heart and Lung Transplant Unit Wythenshawe HospitalManchester M239NJUnited Kingdom Department of Heart and Lung Transplant Royal Papworth HospitalCambridge CB20AYUnited Kingdom Mechanical Circulatory Support Inova Health SystemFalls ChurchVA 22042United States Queensland Lung Transplant Service Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLD 4032Australia Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Golden Jubilee National HospitalGlasgow G814DYUnited Kingdom

Lung transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage lung ***,just under 5000 lung transplants are performed worldwide ***,a major scourge leading to 90-d and 1-year mortality remains primary graft *** is a spectrum of lung injury ranging from mild to severe depending on the level of hypoxaemia and lung injury *** review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the epidemiology,pathophysiology,risk factors,outcomes,and future frontiers involved in mitigating primary graft *** current diagnostic criteria are examined alongside changes from the previous *** also highlight the issues surrounding chronic lung allograft dysfunction and identify the novel therapies available for ex-vivo lung *** primary graft dysfunction remains a significant contributor to 90-d and 1-year mortality,ongoing research and development abreast with current technological advancements have shed some light on the issue in pursuit of future diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

关键词： Primary graft dysfunction Lung transplantation Pathophysiology Risk factors Extracorporeal membranous oxygenation

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha stabilization for regenerative therapy in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第5期12卷 696-701页

作者： Mushfiquddin Khan Hamza Khan Inderjit singh Avtar K.singh Department of Pediatrics Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA College of Medicine University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA Ralph H. Johnson va Medical Center Charleston SC USA

Mild traumatic brain injury（TBI）, also called concussion, initiates sequelae leading to motor deficits, cognitive impairments and subtly compromised neurobehaviors. While the acute phase of TBI is associated with neuroinflammation and nitroxidative burst, the chronic phase shows a lack of stimulation of the neurorepair process and regeneration. The deficiency of nitric oxide（NO）, the consequent disturbed NO metabolome, and imbalanced mechanisms of S-nitrosylation are implicated in blocking the mechanisms of neurorepair processes and functional recovery in the both phases. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha（HIF-1α）, a master regulator of hypoxia/ischemia, stimulates the process of neurorepair and thus aids in functional recovery after brain trauma. The activity of HIF-1α is regulated by NO via the mechanism of S-nitrosylation of HIF-1α. S-nitrosylation is dynamically regulated by NO metabolites such as S-nitrosoglutathione（GSNO） and peroxynitrite. GSNO stabilizes, and peroxynitrite destabilizes HIF-1α. Exogenously administered GSNO was found not only to stabilize HIF-1α and to induce HIF-1α-dependent genes but also to stimulate the regeneration process and to aid in functional recovery in TBI animals.

关键词： traumatic brain injury hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha S-nitrosoglutathione neurorepair functional recovery

Therapeutic exploitation of the S-nitrosoglutathione/S-nitrosylation mechanism for the treatment of contusion spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第6期14卷 973-974页

作者： Mushfiquddin Khan Inderjit singh Department of Pediatrics Children's Research InstituteMedical University of South Carolina

Contusion spinal cord injury(SCI)is a major medical and socio-economic problem *** incidence of SCI is highest among young adults due to motor vehicle accidents,military or sports injuries,and violence(Selva.a.ah et al.,2014).The elderly and children are also at risk due to falls and *** causes neurodegeneration,with profound loss of locomotor and sensory functions(Siddiqui et al.,2015).Pain and depression are also prevalent in a majority of SCI *** for severe SCI are high:initial hospitalization,rehabilitation,and most likely the continuing need for a caregiver and medical *** survivors with less severe injuries usually face lower but still hefty medical ***,people≥50 years old with severe SCI may face medical expenses of over$1.8 million during their *** injuries also affect spouses and family members,emotionally and financially,and most injuries jeopardize employment for those affected.

关键词： Contusion spinal major medical sports injuries

Management of diabetic dyslipidemia: An update

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第5期10卷 280-290页

作者： Ishwarlal Jialal Gurdeep singh California North-state University College of Medicine VA Medical Center Lady of Lourdes Memorial Hospital

Diabetic dyslipidemia is a cluster of lipoprotein abnormalities characterized by increased triglyceride level, decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and increase in small dense low-density lipoprotein(LDL) particles. It is extremely common in type 2 diabetes(T2DM) affecting around 70 % of *** is a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) which is the most common cause of death in the United States and LDL-cholesterol is the number 1 predictor of ASCVD events in T2DM. The purpose of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology and treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia. In this review, we have discussed both nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatment modalities including major treatment trials which have impacted the cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes. Statin therapy is the mainstay of treatment to reduce ASCVD by decreasing LDL-C by 30%-49% or at least 50% depending on risk level. Attractive adjunctive therapies include Ezetimibe which is more cost effective and PCSK9 inhibitors which display potent LDL-cholesterol lowering and ASCVD event reduction. For severe hypertriglyceridemia, to avert the risk of pancreatitis, both fish oil and fenofibrate in concert with diet is the best strategy.

关键词： Diabetes Dyslipidemia Statins Atherosclerosis Ezetimibe PCSK9

Inflammatory bowel disease:Therapeutic limitations and prospective of the stem cell therapy

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2020年第10期12卷 1050-1066页

作者： Rangnath Mishra Punita Dhawan Anand S Srivastava.a.ar B singh Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research San DiegoCA 92122United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68118United States Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center OmahaNE 68118United States va Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System OmahaNE 68118United States

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),consisting primarily of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease,is a group of debilitating auto-immune disorders,which also increases the risk of colitis-associated ***,due to the chronic nature of the disease and inconsistent treatment outcomes of current anti-IBD drugs(e.g.,approximately 30%non-responders to anti-TNFαagents),and related serious side effects,about half of all IBD patients(in millions)turn to alternative treatment *** this regard,mucosal healing is gaining acceptance as a measure of disease activity in IBD patients as recent studies have correlated the success of mucosal healing with improved ***,despite the increasing clinical realization of the significance of the concept of mucosal healing,its regulation and means of therapeutic targeting remain largely ***,stemcell therapy,which uses hematopoietic stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells,remains a promising *** cells are the pluripotent cells with ability to differentiate into the epithelial and/or immune-modulatory *** overreaching concept is that the stem cells can migrate to the damaged areas of the intestine to provide curative help in the mucosal healing ***,by differentiating into the mature intestinal epithelial cells,the stem cells also help in restoring the barrier integrity of the intestinal lining and hence prevent the immunomodulatory induction,the root cause of the *** this article,we elaborate upon the current status of the clinical management of IBD and potential role of the stem cell therapy in improving IBD therapy and patient’s quality of life.

关键词： Crohn′s disease Ulcerative colitis Mesenchymal stem cells Hematopoietic stem cells Mucosal healing

Mechanisms of temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma-a comprehensive review

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第1期4卷 17-43页

作者： Neha singh Alexandra Miner Lauren Hennis Sandeep Mittal Division of Neurosurgery Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeVA 24014USA Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC RoanokeVA 24014USA Carilion Clinic-Neurosurgery RoanokeVA 24014USA

Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has an exceedingly low median overall survival of only 15 *** standard-of-care for GBM consists of gross total surgical resection followed by radiation with concurrent and adjuvant ***(TMZ)is the first-choice chemotherapeutic agent in GBM;however,the development of resistance to TMZ often becomes the limiting factor in effective *** O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase repair activity and uniquely resistant populations of glioma stem cells are the most well-known contributors to TMZ resistance,many other molecular mechanisms have come to light in recent *** emerging mechanisms include the involvement of other DNA repair systems,aberrant signaling pathways,autophagy,epigenetic modifications,microRNAs,and extracellular vesicle *** review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinically relevant molecular mechanisms and their extensive interconnections to better inform efforts to combat TMZ resistance.

关键词： Glioblastoma temozolomide chemoresistance molecular mechanisms

Synergistic effects of methyl 2-cyano-3,11-dioxo-18beta-olean-1,-12-dien-30-oate and erlotinib on erlotinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第6期11卷 799-807页

作者： Ebony Nottingham Elizabeth Mazzio Sunil Kumar Surapaneni Shallu Kutlehria Arindam Mondal Ramesh Badisa Stephen Safe Arun K.Rishi Mandip singh Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesFlorida A&M UniversityTallahasseeFL32307USA Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary MedicineTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA John D.Dingell va medical Center and Department of Oncology Wayne State UniversityDetroitMI48201USA

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is often characterized by an underlying mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),contributing to aggressive metastatic *** 2-cyano-3,11-dioxo-18 beta-olean-1,12-dien-30-oate(CDODA-Me),a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative,reportedly improves the therapeutic response to erlotinib(ERL),an EGFR tyrosine kinase *** the present study,we performed a series of studies to demonstrate the efficacy of CDODA-Me(2μM)in sensitizing HCC827 R(ERL-resistant)cells to ***,we first established the selectivity of ERL-induced drug resistance in the HCC827 R cells,which was sensitized when ERL was combined with CDODA-Me(2μM),shifting the IC50 from 23.48μM to 5.46μ***,whole transcriptomic microarray expression data demonstrated that the combination of ERL+CDODA-Me elicited 210 downregulated genes(0.44%of the whole transcriptome(WT))and 174 upregulated genes(0.36%of the WT),of which approximately 80%were unique to the ERL+CDODA-Me *** effects centered on losses to cell cycle progression transcripts,a reduction of minichromosome maintenance complex components(MCM2-7),all key components of the Cdc45·MCM2-7 GINS(CMG)complex,and replicative helicases;these effects were tantamount to the upregulation of processes associated with the nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 translational response to oxidative stress,including sulfiredoxin 1,heme oxygenase 1,and stress-induced growth inhibitor ***,these findings indicate that the synergistic therapeutic effects of ERL+CDODA-Me on resistant NSCLC cells are mediated via the inhibition of mitosis and induction of oxidative stress.

关键词： Transcriptomic analysis Combination therapy Drug resistance Erlotinib Epidermal growth factor receptor

Deriving the coronal hole electron temperature: electron density dependent ionization / recombination considerations

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2010年第1期10卷 91-95页

作者： John Gerard Doyle Steven Chapman Paul Bryans David Pérez-Suárez Avninda singh Hugh Summers Daniel Wolf Savin Armagh Observatory College HillArmagh BT61 9DGN.Ireland Centre for Astrophysics University of Central LancashirePrestonUK Space Science Division Naval Research LaboratoryWashingtonDC 20375USA George Mason University 4400 University DriveFairfaxVA 22020USA Department of Physics & Electronics Deen Dayal Upadhyaya CollegeUniversity of DelhiIndia Department of Physics University of Strathclyde107 RottenrowGlasgowG4 0NGScotland Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory 550 W 120th StNew YorkNY 10027USA

Comparison of appropriate theoretically derived line ratios with observational data can yield estimates of a plasma＇s physical parameters, such as electron density or temperature. The usual practice in the calculation of the line ratio is the assumption of excitation by electrons/protons followed by radiative decay. Furthermore, it is normal to use the so-called coronal approximation, i.e. one only considers ionization and recombination to and from the ground-state. A more accurate treatment is to include ionization/recombination to and from metastable levels. Here, we apply this to two lines from adjacent ionization stages, Mg IX 368A and Mg × 625A, which has been shown to be a very useful temperature diagnostic. At densities typical of coronal hole conditions, the difference between the electron temperature derived assuming the zero density limit compared with the electron density dependent ionization/recombination is small. This, however, is not the case for flares where the electron density is orders of magnitude larger. The derived temperature for the coronal hole at solar maximum is around 1.04MK compared to just below 0.82MK at solar minimum.

关键词： atomic processes - line formation - Sun activity