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Post-Exposure Prophylaxis against HBV and HIV Infection in Health Care Workers

Advances in Infectious Diseases 2013年第3期3卷 193-199页

作者： Azar Hadadi Mojgan Karbakhsh Mehrnaz Rasoolinejad Mahboobeh Haji Abdolbaghi Nahid Hadadi shirin afhami Negin Esmaeelpour-Bazzaz Internal Medicine Ward Sina Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran

Healthcare Workers (HCWs) are constantly at risk of exposure to viral infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). We aim at demonstrating the results of a three-year period of a surveillance program in Iran with the prospective follow-up of HCWs exposed to blood-borne viruses. HCWs who had experienced an occupational exposure to HBV, HCV or HIV from September 2005 to 2008 were enrolled in the study. Age, gender, route of exposure, type of fluid, type of virus, job, department, working shift, work experience, wearing gloves when exposed, history of HBV vaccination and the serum level of anti HBs antibody were recorded for all participants through an individual interview. Serum samples were taken from both HCWs and the sources of exposure and were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were gathered through questionnaires completed by a nurse under the supervision of a specialist of infectious diseases. In this study, 100 HCWs who were occupationally exposed to HIV, HCV or HBV were included. Most exposures had occurred among nurses (35%), followed by residents (29%), interns (18%), housekeepers (7%), the lab staff (6%), and specialists (5%). Most of the exposures had occurred in emergency (21%) and surgical (20%) wards. The most common route of exposure was percutaneous injuries (77%) and the most common cases had contacted with needles and angiocaths (71.1%) during injection or opening vein routes (21%). Establishing a surveillance system for registering the occurrence of occupational hazardous exposures, performing prophylactic measures and following up the exposed is a necessity in hospitals so that the number of exposures and occupational diseases among the HCWs can be decreased.

关键词： Post-Exposure Prophylaxis HBV Infection HIV Infection Health Care Workers

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Experimental and numerical investigation to elucidate the fluid flow through packed beds with structured particle packings

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 218-237页

作者： shirin Patil Christian Gorges Joel Lòpez Bonilla Moritz Stelter Frank Beyrau Berend van Wachem Laboratory of Technical Thermodynamics Otto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgUniversitätsplatz 239106 MagdeburgGermany Chair of Mechanical Process Engineering Otto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgUniversitätsplatz 239106 MagdeburgGermany

The present paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the dispersion of the gaseous jet flow and co-flow for the simple unit cell(SUC)and body-centred cubic(BCC)configuration of particles in packed *** experimental setup is built in such a way that suitable and simplified boundary conditions are imposed for the corresponding numerical framework,so the simulations can be done under very similar conditions as the ***,a porous plate is used for the co-flow to achieve the uniform velocity and the fully developed flow is ensured for the jet *** SUC and BCC particle beds consist of 3D-printed spheres,and the non-isotropy near the walls is mostly eliminated by placing half-spheres at the channel *** flow velocities are analysed directly at the exit of the particle bed for both beds over 36 pores for the SUC configuration and 60 pores for the BCC configuration,for particle Reynolds numbers of 200,300,and *** particle image velocimetry is experimentally arranged in such a way that the velocities over the entire region at the exit of the packed bed are obtained *** numerical method consists of a state-of-the-art immersed boundary method with adaptive mesh *** paper presents the pore jet structure and velocity field exiting from each pore for the SUC and BCC packed particle *** numerical and experimental studies show a good agreement for the SUC configuration for all flow *** the BCC configuration,some differences can be observed in the pore jet flow structure between the simulations and the experiments,but the general flow velocity distribution shows a good overall *** axial velocity is generally higher for the pores located near the centre of the packed bed than for the pores near the *** addition,the axial velocities are observed to increase near the peripheral pores of the packed *** behaviour is predominant for the BCC configuration as compared to t

关键词： Uniform particle packing Packed bed reactor Stereo particle image velocimetry Immersed boundary method

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Signaling pathways governing the behaviors of leukemia stem cells

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 830-846页

作者： shirin Azizidoost Ava Nasrolahi Mohadeseh Sheykhi-Sabzehpoush Amir Anbiyaiee Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam Maryam Farzaneh Shahab Uddin Atherosclerosis Research Center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvaz ***Iran Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvaz ***Iran Department of Laboratory Imam Khomeini Hospital ComplexTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of Surgery School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvaz ***Iran Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center Medical Basic Sciences Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvaz ***Iran Fertility Infertility and Perinatology Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvaz ***Iran Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute Academic Health SystemHamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar

Leukemia is a malignancy in the blood that develops from the lymphatic system and bone *** various treatment options have been used for different types of leukemia,understanding the molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of leukemia is *** studies showed that leukemia stem cells(LSCs)play essential roles in the pathogenesis of leukemia by targeting several signaling pathways,including Notch,Wnt,Hedgehog,and *** are highly proliferative cells that stimulate tumor initiation,migration,EMT,and drug *** review summarizes cellular pathways that stimulate and prevent LSCs'self-renewal,metastasis,and tumorigenesis.

关键词： Leukemia Leukemia stem cells Pathogenesis Signaling pathways Stem cells

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Advances in DNA methylation and its role in cytoplasmic male sterility in higher plants

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 1-19页

作者： Atiqur Rahman Hasan Sofiur Rahman Shakil Uddin Naima Sultana shirin Akhter Ujjal Kumar Nath Shamsun Nahar Begum Mazadul Islam Afroz Naznin Nurul Amin Sharif Ahmed Akbar Hossain Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh 2202Bangladesh Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear AgricultureMymensingh 2202Bangladesh Tuber Crop Research Centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Joydebpur 1701Bangladesh Horticulture Research Centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Joydebpur 1701Bangladesh Biotechnology Division Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Joydebpur 1701Bangladesh International Rice Research Institute Bangladesh OfficeDhaka 1213Bangladesh Division of Soil Science Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research InstituteDinajpur 5200Bangladesh

The impact of epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation on plant phenotypes has expanded the possibilities for crop *** methylation plays a part in the regulation of both the chromatin structure and gene expression,and the enzyme involved,DNA methyltransferase,executes the methylation process within the plant *** regulating crucial biological pathways,epigenetic changes actively contribute to the creation of the ***,epigenome editing may assist in overcoming some of the drawbacks of genome editing,which can have minor off-target consequences and merely facilitate the loss of a gene’s *** drawbacks include gene knockout,which can have such off-target *** review provides examples of several molecular characteristics of DNA methylation,as well as some plant physiological processes that are impacted by these epigenetic changes in the *** also discuss how DNA alterations might be used to improve crops and meet the demands of sustainable and environmentally-friendly farming.

关键词： DNA methylation epigenetics CMS male sterility chromatin architecture gene expression higher plants

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脆性材料I型(张开)-断裂韧性测定的PFC2D和试验研究:一种新方法

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第2期40卷 116-130页

作者：付金伟 Hadi Haeri Joseph FLabuz Vahab Sarfarazi Pouyan Ebneabbasi MRM Aliha Hamid Reza Karimi shirin Jahanmiri Mohammad Fatehi Marji School of Civil Engineering and Transportation North China University of Water Resources and Electric PowerZhengzhou450046China Department of Mining Engineering Higher Education Complex of ZarandShahid Bahonar University of KermanKermanIran Department of Civil Environmentaland Geo-EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis55455USA Department of Mining Engineering Hamedan University of TechnologyHamedanIran Research Scholar Civil Engineering DepartmentIslamic Azad UniversityHamedanIran Welding and Joining Research Center School of Industrial EngineeringIran University of Science and TechnologyNarmakTehranIran School of Civil Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology(IUST)NarmakTehranIran Department of Mine Exploitation Engineering Faculty of Mining and MetallurgyInstitute of EngineeringYazd UniversityYazdIran

在本文研究中,通过利用优势边缘缺口盘型(END)试样,确定了石灰石的断裂韧性,提出了一种新的石灰石归一化相应力、高相变的计算方法.采用柔性有限元法(FEM)对试样的I型(张开)-断裂韧性进行了精确计算,并得到了相应实用公式.在试验中,还... 详细信息

在本文研究中,通过利用优势边缘缺口盘型(END)试样,确定了石灰石的断裂韧性,提出了一种新的石灰石归一化相应力、高相变的计算方法.采用柔性有限元法(FEM)对试样的I型(张开)-断裂韧性进行了精确计算,并得到了相应实用公式.在试验中,还使用含缺口巴西圆盘(NBD)试件,测试了END程序的准确性.为了在数值上重现这些测试并验证断裂韧性测量的正确性,还对END测试进行了离散元分析.数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合良好.然而,END研究所确定的韧性水平低于NBD测试规定的韧性水平,这是因为END石灰石样品中的缺口具有均匀的拉伸应力分布.

关键词：断裂韧性脆性材料实用公式拉伸应力巴西圆盘离散元分析相变归一化

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Primary and Secondary Microplastic and Nanoplastic Regulations: Perspectives on Water Industry Impacts

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第6期15卷 697-715页

作者： shirin Estahbanati Giridhar Upadhyaya Martha J. M. Wells Katherine Y. Bell Brown and Caldwell New York NY USA Brown and Caldwell Irvine CA USA EnviroChem Services Cookeville TN USA Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

Plastic pollution, both primary and secondary, is an environmental challenge, prompting regulatory actions at global and regional levels. With increasing research about the impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on ecosystems and human health, governments worldwide have undertaken efforts to address this issue. The global community has advanced regulatory efforts that have led to the implementation of national laws or regulations in numerous countries. These measures ban or restrict the use of primary and secondary microplastics and nanoplastics. An overview of global and European regulatory frameworks is presented to provide context for the United States (US). In the endeavor to document plastics regulation development in the US, a description of regulatory agencies and their roles in advancing policy and rules as well as future direction and areas for improvement in regulating plastics are introduced. A discussion of what emerging regulations mean to utilities and industries is also provided along with a comparison of regulatory frameworks.

关键词： Microplastic Regulation Environmental Governance Plastic Pollution Mitigation Regulatory Framework

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OpenAI商业引擎背后的男人

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第3期 14-16页

作者： shirin Ghaffary 晴川(译) 不详

OpenA/首席运,营官布拉德·莱特凯普的职责就是将这家初创企业变成硅谷的下一个科技巨头,就在OpenAI推出ChatGPT后,公司收到了来自Axel Springer SE的问询;Axel Springer SE是一家德国媒体集团,旗下拥有Politico和Business Insider等诸... 详细信息

OpenA/首席运,营官布拉德·莱特凯普的职责就是将这家初创企业变成硅谷的下一个科技巨头,就在OpenAI推出ChatGPT后,公司收到了来自Axel Springer SE的问询;Axel Springer SE是一家德国媒体集团,旗下拥有Politico和Business Insider等诸多媒体平台。Axel对探讨智能聊天工具将如何影响新闻业的未来很感兴趣,也有意就两家公司的合作方式进行探索。

关键词：初创企业多媒体平台 Open 新闻业聊天工具布拉德 AI

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新型AI设备能否取代iPhone 科技公司押注人工智能驱动的新硬件设备可能会减少我们对智能手机的依赖

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第4期 53-54页

作者： shirin Ghaffary 孟洁冰(译) 不详

在2024年拉斯维加斯举行的消费电子展(CES)上,最热门的话题不是新款的智能手机或平板电脑,而是一款色彩鲜艳的袖珍小工具,其设计灵感来自90年代的虚拟宠物“电子宠物鸡”(Tamagotchi)。售价199美元的Rabbit's R1设备致力于提供助理服务... 详细信息

在2024年拉斯维加斯举行的消费电子展(CES)上,最热门的话题不是新款的智能手机或平板电脑,而是一款色彩鲜艳的袖珍小工具,其设计灵感来自90年代的虚拟宠物“电子宠物鸡”(Tamagotchi)。售价199美元的Rabbit's R1设备致力于提供助理服务,可以使用你的手机或电脑上的应用程序,“处理大部分的个人数字事务”,比如预订旅行或购买杂货。这款产品的关键卖点是人工智能:这个小工具依靠“大型行动模型”来教人工智能系统如何像人类一样使用应用程序。

关键词：人工智能系统应用程序平板电脑消费电子展智能手机硬件设备电子宠物设计灵感

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Waymo的里程碑时刻扩大自动驾驶出租车服务

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第11期 14-15页

作者： shirin Ghaffary 孟洁冰(译) 不详

Waymo在旧金山向所有人提供自动驾驶出租车服务,而该公司的一些竞争对手却举步维艰。前不久,在我乘坐Waymo汽车穿行旧金山的途中,这辆自动驾驶出租车在通往科伊特塔的山路上进行急转弯时,一辆公交车从相反的方向疾驰而过。我不禁皱起了... 详细信息

Waymo在旧金山向所有人提供自动驾驶出租车服务,而该公司的一些竞争对手却举步维艰。前不久,在我乘坐Waymo汽车穿行旧金山的途中,这辆自动驾驶出租车在通往科伊特塔的山路上进行急转弯时,一辆公交车从相反的方向疾驰而过。我不禁皱起了眉头。

关键词：自动驾驶出租车服务公交车旧金山急转弯竞争对手里程碑举步维艰

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发放现金能否重塑美国城市社会保障?

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第12期 40-41页

作者： Sarah Holder shirin Ghaffary 杨飞(译) 不详

OpenAl创始人支持的项目OpenResearch测试了每月向低收入个人提供1000美元所带来的影响。结果显示,这笔钱提高了受助者的灵活性和自主权过去几年中,向低收入美国人提供直接现金转移的想法迅速获得关注,美国35个州的150多个试点地区测试... 详细信息

OpenAl创始人支持的项目OpenResearch测试了每月向低收入个人提供1000美元所带来的影响。结果显示,这笔钱提高了受助者的灵活性和自主权过去几年中,向低收入美国人提供直接现金转移的想法迅速获得关注,美国35个州的150多个试点地区测试了这个“基本收入”想法。这些试点最大的推行者不是某个城市或郡县,而是OpenAI首席执行官兼创始人萨姆·奥尔特曼(Sam Altman)支持的项目OpenResearch。

关键词：城市社会保障首席执行官 Open 低收入现金推行者受助者自主权

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