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Purification of scandium from concentrate generated from titanium pigments production waste

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Journal of Rare Earths 2021年第2期39卷 194-200页

作者： Jie Zhou Shunyan Ning Jiejie Meng shichang zhang Wei zhang Siyi Wang Yedan Chen Xinpeng Wang Yuezhou Wei Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials School of ResourcesEnvironment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China School of Nuclear Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Nowadays 80%of scandium in China is obtained from titanium pigments production waste through a complex purification *** study mainly focused on the purification of Sc from its concentrate generated from titanium pigments production waste by solvent *** extractants have been tried and 10%D_(2)EHPA-5%TBP-85%sulfonated kerosene exhibited the best extraction performance towards Sc in 7 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)solution,so it was selected as the oil phase.0.5%of H_(2)O_(2)was added into the concentrated solution which can effectively inhibit the extraction of *** the extraction and back extraction parameters are *** preferred extraction conditions were obtained,i.e.,acidity:7 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4),the phase ratio A/O:10,room temperature,mixed contact time:30 min,Sc concentrate:10 g/L,that the extraction rate of Sc in the above conditions was nearly 100%.NaOH was used for back extraction with the stripping rate 99%on the following conditions:5 mol/L NaOH stripping for 30 min at a phase ratio A/O:1 at 90℃.Finally,H_(2)C_(2)O_(4)was used to further purify the back extraction product and Sc_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)precipitant fo *** final product Sc_(2)O_(3)with a purity over 99.5%was obtained by calcining Sc_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)at 1000℃for 2 h.A conceptual process for Sc purification was put forward and *** total recovery yield of Sc in the whole process is 95%.

关键词： Scandium D_(2)EHPA TBP Extraction Purification Titanium pigments production waste

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Conspicuous cruciform silk decorations deflect avian predator attacks

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第5期17卷 689-703页

作者： Bingjun WANG Long YU Nina MA Zengtao zhang Deyong GONG Rui LIU Daiqin LI shichang zhang Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution&State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanHubeiChina Department of Biological Sciences National University of SingaporeSingapore

Although camouflage as an effective antipredator defense strategy is widespread across animals,highly conspicuous color patterning is not uncommon *** orb-web spiders adorn their webs with extra bright white *** conspicuous decorations are hypothesized to deter predators by warning the presence of sticky webs,camouflaging spiders,acting as a decoy,or intimidating predators by their apparent *** decorations may also deflect predator attacks from ***,empirical evidence for this deflection function remains ***,we tested this hypothesis using the X-shaped silk cruciform decorations built by females of Argiope *** employed visual modeling to quantify the conspicuousness of spiders and decorations from a perspective of avian ***,we determined actual predation risk on spiders using naïve chicks as *** bodies and decorations were conspicuous against natural backgrounds to the avian visual *** attacked the spider main bodies significantly less frequently on the decorated webs than on the undecorated webs,thus reducing predation *** both spiders and decorations were present,chicks also attacked the spider main bodies and their legs or decorations,and not randomly:they attacked the legs or decorations sooner and more frequently than they attacked the main bodies,independent of the ratio of the surface area between the decoration and spider *** the increase in detectability,incorporating a conspicuous cruciform decoration to the web effectively defends the spider by diverting the attack toward the decoration or leg,but not by camouflaging or intimidating,thus,supporting the deflection hypothesis.

关键词： Argiope minuta cruciform decoration predator deflection visual defense visual modeling

Metabolic and immunological effects of gut microbiota in leaf beetles at the local and systemic levels

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第3期16卷 313-323页

作者： Meiqi MA Chengjie TU Jing LUO Min LU shichang zhang Letian XU State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanChina

Insects’intestinal microbes have profound effects on the host’s physiological traits,which can impact their physiology at both the local(gut)and systemic(body)***,the molecular mechanisms underlying hostmicrobiota interactions,especially in non-model insects,remain ***,tissue-specific transcriptomic analysis has been highlighted as a robust tool in studying host–microbe *** versicolora is a worldwide leaf-eating pest that primarily feeds on willows and *** interplay between gut microflora and this host beetle has yet to be ***,we investigate the effects of the gut microbiota on the body mass of *** larvae,compare the nutrition status of larvae in absence and presence of gut microbiota,and profile gut bacterial loads throughout its developmental larval *** then perform comparative transcriptomic analysis of gut and body tissues in axenic and non-axenic ***,we confirm the expression patterns of representative genes in nutritional metabolism and *** show that weight growth is retarded in conventional larvae,with a concomitant increase of total bacterial load by the 5^(th)development day,and germ-free larvae have a higher glucose content than conventional-reared *** nutritional and immunological analyses indicate that gut bacteria are a burden in the beetle’s larval *** findings elucidate the impacts of gut microbiota on ***,and provide insight into tissue-specific responses to gut microflora in this pest at the genetic level,boosting our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying host–microbe interactions in leaf beetles and beyond.

关键词： gut bacteria insect immunity nutritional metabolism Plagiodera versicolora RNA-seq

Male opportunistic mating increases with intensity of female sexual cannibalism in 3 web-building spiders

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 113-119页

作者： Yubing MA Zeyuan HUA Aijia MAO Daiqin LI shichang zhang State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering of China&Centre for Behavioral Ecology&Evolution School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhan 430062China Department of Biological Sciences National University of SingaporeSingapore 117543Singapore

Sexual conflict is common in animals,and female sexual cannibalism represents an extreme form of sexual *** in many species have evolved a variety of strategies to circumvent or decrease the risk of female sexual *** mating,by which a male mates with a female when she is disturbed or when she is feeding or undertaking moulting,is one of such kinds of strategies,and widely occurs in many animals,especially in ***,whether the occurrence of male opportunistic mating depends on the intensity of female sexual cannibalism remains largely *** predicted a positive correlation between *** this study,we tested this prediction by performing a series of mating trials in the laboratory using 3 species of web-building spiders with different intensities of female sexual cannibalism:Nephila pilipes,Nephilengys malabarensis,and Parasteatoda *** found that the occurrence of male opportunistic mating was positively,though not statistically significantly,correlated with the intensity of female sexual cannibalism,thus supporting our *** together,we provide evidence that male opportunistic mating may have evolved to respond to the selection pressure posed by female sexual cannibalism.

关键词： opportunistic mating sexual cannibalism web-building spider

Males armed with big weapons win fights at limited cost in ant-mimickingjumping spiders

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 98-108页

作者： Guocheng Yu Boon Hui Wong Christina J.Painting Hongze Li Long Yu Zengtao zhang shichang zhang Daiqin Li State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering and Centre for Behavioral Ecology and Evolution School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhan430062China Departmentof Biological Sciences National University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore 117543Singapore Te Aka Matuatua School of Science University of WaikatoPrivate Bag 3105Hamilton 3240New Zealand

A core assumption of sexual selection theory is that sexually selected weapons,specialized morphological structures used directly in male con-tests,can improve an individual's reproductive success but only if the bearer can overcome associated costs,the negative effects on the bear-er's fitness ***,recent studies have shown that producing and wielding exaggerated weapons may not necessarily be ***,some traits can be selected for supporting,or compensating for,the expense of producing and wielding such exaggerated weapons.n the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmarachne gisti,exaggerated chelicerae are borne only by adult males and not females,showing sexual dimorphism and steep positive allometry with body ***,we determine the potential benefits of bearing exaggerated chelicerae during male contests and explore the potential for costs in terms of prey-capture efficiency and compensation between chelicera size and neighboring trait *** males with longer chelicerae won most of their male-male contests,we found no significant differences in prey-capture effi-ciency between males and females regardless of whether prey was winged or ***'elongated chelicerae thus do not impede their efficiency at capturing ***,we found that the sizes of all neighboring traits are positively correlated with chelicera size,suggesting that these traits may be under correlational *** together,our findings suggest that *** males armed with the exaggerated chelicerae that function as weapons win more fights at limited cost for performance in prey capture and compensate for neighboring structures.

关键词： allometry ant-mimic costs elongated chelicerae threat devices trait compensations

Traumatic mating causes strict monandry in a wolf spider

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Zoological Research 2023年第1期44卷 101-104页

作者： Nina Ma Deyong Gong Aijia Mao Yao Zhao Xiaoguo Jiao Jie Liu Yu Peng shichang zhang State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering&Centre for Behavioural Ecology&Evolution School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanHubei 430062China Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response Faculty of Resources and Environmental ScienceHubei UniversityWuhanHubei 430062China

DEAR EDITOR,We identified strict monandry in a wandering wolf spider species(Pardosa pseudoannulata) and revealed the underlying mechanisms of this mating structure. Evidence indicated that males damaged the inner walls of the female genital tract with the sharp part of their intromittent organ during insemination. The traumatic mating caused hemolymph hemorrhage, which mixed with seminal fluid and gradually formed an impermeable amorphous mating plug after about15 days, completely blocking the female copulatory opening.

关键词： structure strict Traumatic

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Combined Detection of Serum Heat Shock Protein-90<i>α</i>and Prostate Specific Antigen for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis

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Yangtze Medicine 2020年第4期4卷 284-292页

作者： shichang zhang Jiang Zheng Yangtze University Jingzhou China Jingzhou First People’s Hospital Jingzhou China

Objective: To explore the relationship between heat shock protein-90α (HSP-90α) and occurrence of prostate cancer, and clinical value of combined detection of serum HSP-90α and prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Method: A total of 30 patients with prostate cancer, 30 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 30 healthy men (control group) were selected from September 2018 to September 2019, then to detect levels of serum HSP-90α, total PSA and free PSA (FPSA) by ELISA, serum testosterone level by radioimmunoassay, prostate cancer tissue was removed by operation, and relative expression of tissue HSP-90α protein by Western blot. Results: The levels of serum HSP-90α and total PSA in prostate cancer group were significantly higher than other two groups, and testosterone level was lower than other two groups (P 0.05). It was found by Pearson test that serum HSP-90α was positively correlated with total PSA level (r = 0.659, P = 0.005), while negatively correlated with testosterone level (r = -0.549, P = 0.006). According to TNM stage of prostate cancer, there were 17 cases of stage I - II, 13 cases of stage III - IV, 6 cases of Gleason score 1 - 4, 13 cases of 5 - 7, 11 cases of 8 - 10, tumor diameter range from 0.8 to 6.2 cm, with average of (3.9 ± 1.5) cm. The relative expression of HSP-90α protein in tumor tissue was closely related to TNM stage, Gleason score and tumor diameter (P α and PSA levels for prostate cancer diagnosis was 0.896, and that of single PSA detection was 0.852. Conclusion: Higher expressions of HSP-90α in prostate cancer tissue and serum may be closely related to occurrence and development of prosta

关键词： Heat Shock Protein-90α Prostate Specific Antigen Prostate Cancer

国际法院跨界环境损害救济的“守成”与“创新”——哥斯达黎加与尼加拉瓜跨界环境损害纠纷案评析

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上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2023年第2期52卷 54-66页

作者：张士昌安徽师范大学历史学院安徽芜湖241002

哥斯达黎加与尼加拉瓜跨界环境损害纠纷案是联合国国际法院近年来做出的一个具有历史意义的国际环境法判决,它标志着综合性跨界环境损害救济机制的初步建立。跨界环境影响评价属于事前救济制度,其在内容、程序方面缺乏严密规范,导致国... 详细信息

哥斯达黎加与尼加拉瓜跨界环境损害纠纷案是联合国国际法院近年来做出的一个具有历史意义的国际环境法判决,它标志着综合性跨界环境损害救济机制的初步建立。跨界环境影响评价属于事前救济制度,其在内容、程序方面缺乏严密规范,导致国际法院较难就当事国是否违反跨界环境影响评价义务形成一致判断标准。指示临时措施属于事中救济制度,本质上是一种经由国际法院司法活动形成的“禁令救济”,因尚未形成自主法律制度而缺乏强制性法律拘束力。总体来看,国际法院在该案判决中虽进一步探讨了跨界环境损害救济制度,但在规则理解和适用上“守成”有余,进步意义有限。该案最具创新意义的是国际法院于国际法层面首次认可了跨界环境损害的可赔偿性,但它在生态损害评估、赔偿方式和科学证据使用等方面的说理论证不尽完善。综合性跨界环境损害救济机制的健全,仍有待更多国际司法实践的发展和推动。

关键词：哥斯达黎加与尼加拉瓜跨界环境损害纠纷案跨界环境影响评价指示临时措施跨界环境损害

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THEORETICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON BEAM IN A CENTRIFUGAL ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSING SYSTEM

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Journal of Electronics(China) 1988年第2期5卷 148-153页

作者：张世昌 Department of Physics Chengdu Institute of Radio Engineering

A fundamental analysis of negative-mass instability in the interaction between a relativisticelectron beam and TE mode in a centrifugal electrostatic focusing system is given.A kinetic theory ispresented and correspon... 详细信息

关键词： Electron optics Electrostatic focusing system Relativistic electron beam