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Regulatory role of microRNA on inflammatory responses of diabetic retinopathy

作者： shel绘

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第4期12卷 580-581页

作者： eun-ah ye j.na j. steinle department of anatomy and cell biology wayne state universityDetroitMIUSA ophthalmology wayne state universityDetroitMIUSA

The prevalence of diabetes has been increasing in the U.S., with diabetes as a significant concern for patients＇ physical and financial health. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of vi- sual loss in working-age of adults and is characterized by retinal neurodegeneration and microvascular abnormalities in the eye. Hyperglycemia is one significant risk factor for diabetic retinop- athy and can result in increased inflammatory responses and vascular dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanisms un-derlying these pathologies are not fully understood. Although treatments are currently available for the patients with prolif-erative diabetic retinopathy or macular edema, including laser photocoagulation, steroids, or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） inj.ctions, many patients fail to respond to these therapies. Therefore, it is imperative to develop additional novel therapeutics for diabetic retinopathy.

关键词： RNA Regulatory role of micro RNA on inflammatory responses of diabetic retinopathy

Peak Energy Correlations for Gamma-Ray Bursts

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j.urnal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2017年第8期5卷 1515-1520页

作者： Walid j. Azzam Gamma-Ray Bursts Peak Energy Correlations Energy Indicators

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful explosions in the universe. Over the past two decades, several GRB energy and luminosity correlations were discovered. These correlations typically involve an observable parameter, like the observed peak energy, Ep,obs, and a non-observable quantity, like the equivalent isotropic energy, Eiso. This paper provides a brief review of GRB peak energy correlations. Specifically, it focuses on the Amati relation, which correlates Ep,obs and Eiso, and the Ghirlanda relation, which correlates Ep,obs and ey, the total energy corrected for beaming. The paper also discusses the physical interpretation of these relations in the context of the internal shock model.

关键词： Gamma-Ray Bursts Peak Energy Correlations Energy Indicators

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加拿大萨斯喀彻温的Sue铀矿床

国外铀金地质 1991年第4期7卷 10-29页

作者： F.ey j.P.Piquard D.Baudemont 王琳陈振时

Sue铀矿床产于萨斯喀彻温北部,在阿萨巴斯卡盆地的东部边缘,于1988—1989年由Minatco有限公司发现。这些矿床按其发现顺序分别命名为:Sue A、Sue B(1988)、Sue C和Sue CQ(1989)。虽然Sue矿体属于具有McClean和j.b矿床特征的阿萨巴斯卡... 详细信息

Sue铀矿床产于萨斯喀彻温北部,在阿萨巴斯卡盆地的东部边缘,于1988—1989年由Minatco有限公司发现。这些矿床按其发现顺序分别命名为:Sue A、Sue B(1988)、Sue C和Sue CQ(1989)。虽然Sue矿体属于具有McClean和j.b矿床特征的阿萨巴斯卡“不整合面型”,但其地质背景却显示出众多特殊性质。它们在空间上与分隔海利克阿萨巴斯卡砂岩群与下伏的Wollaston群石墨变质沉积岩的不整合面有关,并簇集在长2.9kmSN走向推测为太古代科林斯湾穹丘的西部边缘。矿体产于地表下80m深的浅部,可用露天方法开采。尽管所有的Sue矿床都属于同一走向,但其地质背景却有所不同。Sue A矿体主要赋存在不整合面的砂岩中,基底很少或无矿化。Sue B矿体特点表现为高部位矿化,即产于砂岩的上部,距地表8m以内。Sue C和Sue CQ是以基底为容矿岩的矿体,其铀矿化在Sue C呈单透镜体产出,而在Sue CQ则形成了多透镜体体系。砂岩中无矿化产出。在所有4个矿床中,矿化都与叠加于退化和风化蚀变的广泛热液蚀变有关。广泛分布的热液作用是由基底内和砂岩内强烈的泥化和赤铁矿化生成的。矿体高品位的岩心在空间上大致与富石墨泥质片麻岩有关并受断层控制。Sue A和Sue B铀矿化的特征为氧化铀和Ni-Co砷化物共生;Sue C和Sue CQ为单金属矿体。所有这些矿床都是使用综合地球物理技术发现的。Sue A和Sue B是使用地面VLF和HLEM(最大-最小)技术发现的,而位于EM导体约100m远的Sue C和Sue CQ则是应用直流电阻率法和IP测量发现的。

关键词：铀矿矿床地质矿化

Yohimbine in the treatment of orgasmic dysfunction

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Asian j.urnal of Andrology 2007年第3期9卷 403-407页

作者： Ade A. Adeniyi Giles S. Brindley j.hn P. Pryor David j. Ralph Institute of Urology and Nephrology London W1P 7EY UK I02 Ferdene Road London SE24 OAA UK

Aim： To study the effect of yohimbine in the treatment of men with orgasmic dysfunction. Methods： A 20-mg dose of yohimbine was first given to 29 men with orgasmic dysfunction of different aetiology in the clinic. Patients were then allowed to increase the dose at home （titration） under more favourable circumstances. The outcome and side effects were subsequently assessed. Results： The patients were classified into three groups of orgasmic dysfunction： primary complete （13）, primary incomplete （8） and secondary （8）. Nocturnal emissions were present in 75%, 40% and 50% of patients in the above groups, respectively （overall average 62%）. The men presented because of fertility problems （52%） or because they wanted to experience the pleasure of orgasm （48%）. Of the 29 patients who completed the treatment, 16 managed to reach orgasm and were able to ej.culate either during masturbation or sexual intercourse. A further three achieved orgasm, but only with the additional stimulation of a vibrator. A history of preceding nocturnal emissions was present in 69% of the men in whom orgasm was induced but only 50% who failed treatment. Of the patients, two have subsequently fathered children （one set of twins） and another 3 men were also cured. Side effects were not sufficient to cause the men to cease treatment. Conclusion： Yohimbine is a useful treatment option in orgasmic dysfunction.

关键词： Yohimbine anorgasmia orgasm orgasmic dysfunction impotence ej.culation

The refractive outcome of Toric Lentis Mplus implant in cataract surgery

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International j.urnal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第5期9卷 699-702页

作者： Patrick j.Chiam Say A Quah Birmingham and Midland eye Centre City Hospital Birmingham BH18 7QH United Kingdom Optegra Manchester eye Hospital Manchester M20 2EY United Kingdom

AIM： To evaluate the refractive outcome of Toric Lentis Mplus intraocular lens（IOL） implant.· METHODS： This is a retrospective case *** patients with corneal astigmatism of at least1.5 D had Toric Lentis Mplus IOL implant during cataract surgery. The exclusion criteria included irregular astigmatism on corneal topography, large scotopic pupil diameter（〉6 mm）, poor visual potential and significant ocular comorbidity. Postoperative manifest refraction,uncorrected distance visual acuity（UDVA）, best-corrected distance visual acuity（BCVA）, uncorrected intermediate visual acuity at（UIVA） 3/4 m and uncorrected near visual acuity（UNVA） were obtained.·RESULTS： There were 70 eyes from 49 patients in this study. Patients were refracted at a median of 8.9wk（range 4.0 to 15.5） from the operation date. Sixty-five percent of eyes had 6/7.5（0.10 log MAR） or better, and99% 6/12（0.30 log MAR） or better postoperative ***-nine percent could read j.eger（j. 3（0.28 log MAR）and 95% j.（0.37 log MAR） at 40 cm. The median magnitude of astigmatism decreased from 1.91 D to 0.49 D（wilcoxon, P〈0.001） after the operation. The range of the cylindrical error was reduced from 1.5-3.95 D（keratometric） preoperatively to 0.00-1.46 D（subj.ctive refraction transposed to corneal plane） postoperatively.· CONCLUSION： Toric Lentis Mplus IOL has good predictability in reducing preexisting corneal astigmatism.

关键词： Toric Lentis Mplus multi-focal intraocular lens implant refractive outcome

The effects of sun exposure on carotenoid accumulation and oxidative stress in the retina of the House Finch(Haemorhous mexicanus)

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Chinese Birds 2016年第1期7卷 56-67页

作者： Matthew B.Toomey Kevin j.McGraw School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University Medical School

Background: Diet-derived carotenoid pigments are concentrated in the retinas of birds and serve a variety of functions, including photoprotection. In domesticated bird species(e.g., chickens and quail), retinal carotenoid pigmentation has been shown to respond to large manipulations in light exposure and provide protection against photodamage. However, it is not known if or how wild birds respond to ecologically relevant variation in sun ***: We manipulated the duration of natural sunlight exposure and dietary carotenoid levels in wild-caught captive House Finches(Haemorhous mexicanus), then measured carotenoid accumulation and oxidative stress in the ***: We found no significant effects of sun exposure on retinal levels of carotenoids or lipid peroxidation, in replicate experiments, in winter(j.n–Mar) and spring/summer(May–j.ne). Dietary carotenoid supplementation in the spring/summer experiment led to significantly higher retinal carotenoid levels, but did not affect lipid peroxidation. Carotenoid levels differed significantly between the winter and spring/summer experiments, with higher retinal and lower plasma carotenoid levels in birds from the later ***: Our results suggest that variation in the duration of exposure to direct sunlight have limited influence on intraspecific variation in retinal carotenoid accumulation, but that accumulation may track other seasonal–environmental cues and physiological processes.

关键词： Carotenoids Haemorhous mexicanus House Finch Photostress Vision

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 58-67页

作者： Gary E.PICKARD Patricia j.SOLLARS School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Nebraska

A new mammalian photoreceptor was recently discovered to reside in the ganglion cell layer of the inner *** intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells(ipRGCs) express a photopigment,melanopsin,that confers upon them the ability to respond to light in the absence of all rod and cone photoreceptor *** relatively few in number,ipRGCs extend their dendrites across large expanses of the retina making them ideally suited to function as irradiance detectors to assess changes in ambient light *** in ipRGCs appears to be mediated by transient receptor potential channels more closely resembling the phototransduction cascade of invertebrate rather than vertebrate *** convey irradiance information centrally via the optic nerve to influence several *** are the primary retinal input to the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN),a circadian oscillator and biological clock,and this input entrains the SCN to the day/night *** contribute irradiance signals that regulate pupil size and they also provide signals that interface with the autonomic nervous system to regulate rhythmic gene activity in maj.r organs of the *** also provide excitatory drive to dopaminergic amacrine cells in the retina,providing a novel basis for the restructuring of retinal circuits by *** we review the ground-breaking discoveries,current progress and directions for future investigation.

关键词： melanopsin circadian rhythms suprachiasmatic nucleus retina pupillary light reflex

The unfolded protein response signaling and retinal Müller cell metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第11期13卷 1861-1870页

作者： Kristen Kelly j.shua j.Wang Sarah X.Zhang Department of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience Program Ross Eye InstituteUniversity at BuffaloState University of New York SUNY eye Institute State University of New YorkBuffaloNYUSA

The retina is one of the most energy demanding tissues in the body. Like most neurons in the central nervous system, retinal neurons consume high amounts of adenosine-5′-triphosphate（ATP） to generate visual signal and transmit the information to the brain. Disruptions in retinal metabolism can cause neuronal dysfunction and degeneration resulting in severe visual impairment and even blindness. The homeostasis of retinal metabolism is tightly controlled by multiple signaling pathways, such as the unfolded protein response（UPR）, and the close interactions between retinal neurons and other retinal cell types including vascular cells and Müller glia. The UPR is a highly conserved adaptive cellular response and can be triggered by many physiological stressors and pathophysiological conditions. Activation of the UPR leads to changes in glycolytic rate, ATP production, de novo serine synthesis, and the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, which are considered critical components of Müller glia metabolism and provide metabolic support to surrounding neurons. When these pathways are disrupted, neurodegeneration occurs rapidly. In this review, we summarize recent advance in studies of the UPR in Müller glia and highlight the potential role of the UPR in retinal degeneration through regulation of Müller glia metabolism.

关键词： unfolded protein response retina Müller glia metabolism neurodegeneration X-box binding protein 1 glycolysis glucose transporter