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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第3期16卷 400-409页

作者： Srinadh Mattaparthi Chandra shekhar sharma Creative & Advanced Research Based on Nanomaterials (CARBON) Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineerings Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi Telangana 502285 India

In this work, we utilized underside of four different plant leaves with different scale of hierarchical surface roughness to fabricate large area self-cleaning antireflective polymer surfaces. A simple and precise two-step soft-lithography replica molding technique was deployed by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer as a replicating material. In the first step, a negative PDMS replica was fabricated by using the underside of an original leaf as a template material. In the second step, a positive PDMS replica was fabricated through a negative PDMS replica used as a template. In order to study the non-wetting and light trapping properties, as-replicated polymer surfaces were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), contact angle goniometer, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. SEM images confirmed the successful replication of complex hierarchical structures while contact angle measurement studies established retaining high non-wetting properties in polymer replicas. Optical studies suggest near zero reflection in normal mode and less than 5% diffuse reflection when measured using integrated sphere mode. These results have been correlated and explained with the air-liquid fraction and roughness factor as measured using three-dimensional optical profilometer.

关键词： biomimicking natural leaf replica molding non-wetting light trapping hierarchical roughness

欧洲的纺织生物技术——废水中染料的微生物降解

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纺织导报 2006年第6期 84-86页

作者： H.S.shekhar sharma 贝尔法斯特女王大学/北爱尔兰农业和乡村发展部

传统的、以无控微生物活性为基础的物理化学凝絮方法不足以清除纺织废水中的偶氮染料。有必要通过厌氧和好氧处理来将偶氮染料还原为芳香胺,然后将胺矿化。研究人员在筛选适用于废水脱色的酶方面进行了大量研究。他们对微生物酶,如偶氮... 详细信息

传统的、以无控微生物活性为基础的物理化学凝絮方法不足以清除纺织废水中的偶氮染料。有必要通过厌氧和好氧处理来将偶氮染料还原为芳香胺,然后将胺矿化。研究人员在筛选适用于废水脱色的酶方面进行了大量研究。他们对微生物酶,如偶氮还原酶(azoreductase)、过氧化氢-过氧化物酶(catalase-peroxidase) 和漆酶(laccase)进行研究,以确定能优化工艺效率的动力参数。使用商品或固定化漆酶对含活性染料的废水进行脱色,通过水的循环利用达到节能、节水的目的。欧洲许多国家已经安装了采用包括微生物技术在内的综合技术废水处理中试设备与商业化设备。

关键词：偶氮染料酶微生物废水

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Forest Fairy Ring Fungi Clitocybe nebularis, Soil Bacillusspp., and Plant Extracts Exhibit in VitroAntagonism on Dieback PhytophthoraSpecies

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Natural Resources 2013年第2期4卷 189-194页

作者： Catherine Hearst David Nelson Graham McCollum shekhar sharma Juluri R. Rao Applied Plant Science Division Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute Belfast UK Grosvenor Grammar School Belfast UK

In vitro Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion assays coupled with bio-imaging software techniques were used to assess native forest dwelling “fairy ring” forming fungi (Clitocybe nebularis) and co-habitant forest tree-root colonising non pathogenic, antibiotic producing bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilis) for their antagonism towards Japanese larch dieback oomycetes phytopathogens which also affects ornamental alternative hosts. The aqueous extracts of C. nebularis exhibited the highest clearance (inhibitory) zone of 21.4 × 105 pixels = 573%) against Phytophthora ramorum than growth/clear zone Cartesian integrates recorded in untreated (control) disc (3.7 × 105 pixels = 100%) over 3-day incubation. The fairy ring fungal extracts also exhibited substantive antagonism against P. kernoviae (147%), P. lateralis (347%) and a solanaceous crop infecting P. infestans (86%). Quite encouragingly, the soil oomycete phytopathogen P. ramorum was inhibited strongly (mean ~ 177%) by both forest bacilli. Aqueous extracts of non-forest antifungal herbaceous plants (garlic and elderberry) expressed similar inhibitory effects (mean ~ 70%). A seaweed fungal elicitor component fucoidan showed moderate levels (mean ~ 85%) of antagonism against P. ramorum, P. kernoviae, P. lateralis and P. infestans. The results in this in vitro study highlight the intensity and vigor of antagonistic forest microflora and non-forest herbaceous antifungal agents such as garlic and other plant extracts as serious candidates for suppression of the oomycete Phytophthora pathogenic fungi in forest soils. This study calls for urgent scoping and impact assessment studies in pot experiments and mini-plot forest trials to gauge the fitness of these natural resources for field level potential biotechnological applications to combat the devastating dieback disease in the native woodlands and horticulture.

关键词： Natural Forest Resources Antifungal Extracts Clitocybe nebularis Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus pumilis Phytophthora Species Japanese Larch Dieback Disease

Performance of Natural Antagonists and Commercial Microbiocides towards in VitroSuppression of Flower Bed Soil-Borne Fusarium oxysporum

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Advances in Microbiology 2014年第3期4卷 151-159页

作者： David Nelson Katherine Beattie Graham McCollum Trevor Martin shekhar sharma Juluri R. Rao Plant Health & Environmental Protection Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute Belfast UK Plant Health & Environmental Protection Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute Belfast UK Strathearn School Belfast UK

Fusarium oxysporum is the causal agent for wilt diseases of many major ornamental and horticultural crops. In this study, we plated a local cut flower grower’s soil, with a persistent history of Fusarium wilt of scented stock, Matthiola incana but not the lettuce rotational crop. This yielded culture plates with characteristic pink to carmine red fungi, together with a mixed bacterial population, a percentage of which was visibly antagonistic to the Fusarium. Using molecular analyses via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays, we identified that Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium venenatum were prevalent in the soil. The co-habiting bacterial colonies that exhibited strong antagonistic activity (zone of clearance) towards the soil fungi corresponded to Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus polymyxa species. Our results arising from an in vitro study involving Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion agar assays, coupled with bio-imaging software techniques demonstrated that the three native soil bacteria were effective inhibitors of all Fusarium species tested, while Bacillus subtilis exhibited the highest antagonism towards the Fusarium oxysporum. Bioassay tests of micro-biocides Prestop (Gliocadium catenulatum), Serenade Max (Bacillus subtilis QST713) and commercial seaweed extract, AlgiVyt suppressed in vitro growth of Fusarium oxysporum infecting the scented stock flower to a greater extent, whilst fresh aqueous extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) and meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) flowers were ineffective towards soil pathogen suppression. This scoping study offers cut flower growers additional options of tapping into populations of antagonistic bacteria found in soil persistently infected with the opportunistic soil phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum, affecting cut flower crops, such as M. incana.

关键词： Fusarium oxysporum Cut Flower Wilt Disease Natural Antagonistic Bacteria Bacillus subtilis Natural and Commercial Plant Extracts Microbiocides

Image Compression Using DPCM with LMS Algorithm

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通讯和计算机（中英文版） 2011年第6期8卷 490-493页

作者： Ranbeer Tyagi Rohit yadav shekhar sharma Department of Electronics ＆ Telecommunication S.G.S.I.T.S. Indore （M.P.） 452003 India

Identification and characterization of integron mediated antibiotic resistance in pentachlorophenol degrading bacterium isolated from the chemostat

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第6期21卷 858-864页

作者： sharma Ashwani THAKUR Indu shekhar Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory School of Environmental SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Mehrauli Road

A bacterial consortium was developed by continuous enrichment of microbial population isolated from sediment core of pulp and paper mill effluent in mineral salts medium（MSM） supplemented with pentachlorophenol（PCP） as sole source of carbon and energy in the *** consortia contained three bacterial *** were identified as Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter *** 16S rRNA gene sequence *** *** degraded PCP through the formation of tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone（TecH）,2-chloro-1,4-benzenediol and products of ortho ring cleavage detected by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer（GC-MS）.Out of the three acclimated PCP degrading bacterial strains only one strain,Acinetobacter *** the presence of integron gene cassette as a marker of its stability and antibiotic *** strain possessed a 4.17 kb amplicon with 22 ORF＇*** plasmid isolated from the Acinetobacter *** subjected to shotgun cloning through restriction digestion by BamHI,HindIII and SalI,ligated to pUC19 vector and transformed into *** XLBlue1α,and finally selected on MSM containing PCP as sole source of carbon and energy with ampicillin as antibiotic *** sequence analysis of recombinant clones indicated homology with integron gene cassette and multiple antibiotic resistance genes.

关键词： Acinetobacter sp. antibiotic resistance gene chemostat integron gene cassette pentachlorophenol recombinant clone

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Hunting of hunted:an ensemble modeling approach to evaluate suitable habitats for caracals in India

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 744-757页

作者： Ashish Kumar Jangid Chandra Prakash Singh Jai Singh Parihar Jasbir Singh Chauhan Rajnish Kumar Singh Prakash Kumar Verma Amritanshu Singh Shantanu sharma shekhar Kolipaka Wildlife Institute of India DehradunUttarakhand 248001India Space Applications Centre Indian Space Research OrganisationAhmedabadGujarat 380015India Madhya Pradesh State Forest Department Madhya Pradesh Tiger Foundation SocietyKuno National ParkBhopalMadhya Pradesh 462001India Leo Foundation WageningenThe Netherlands

Background:Large-scale hunting and various anthropogenic pressures in the recent past have pushed the Asiatic caracal(Caracal caracal schmitzi),an elusive medium-sized and locally threatened felid species towards local extinction in *** widely distributed historically,it has been sparsely reported from several regions of central and northern states in India till twentieth ***,the species distribution became confined only to the states of Rajasthan,Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh,which have had reported sightings in the twenty-first *** order to highlight the potentially suitable habitats for Asiatic caracals in India,we targeted forth-filtering of the spatial model ensemble by creating and utilizing the validated and spatially thinned species presence information(n=69)and related ecological variables(aridity,NDVI,precipitation seasonality,temperature seasonality,terrain ruggedness),filtered with anthropological variable(nightlight).Results:Out of eight spatial prediction models,the two most parsimonious models,Random Forest(AUC 0.91)and MaxEnt(AUC 0.89)were weighted and *** ensemble model indicated several clustered habitats,covering 1207.83 km^(2)areas in Kachchh(Gujarat),Aravalli mountains(Rajasthan),Malwa plateau(Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh),and Bundelkhand region(Madhya Pradesh)as potentially suitable habitats for *** probabilities of pixels were further regressed with converted vegetation height data within selected highly potential habitats,i.e.,Ranthambore Kuno Landscape(RKL)(suitability~0.44+0.03(vegetation height)^(**),R^(2)=0.27).The regression model inferred a significant positive relation between vegetation height and habitat suitability,hence the lowest ordinal class out of three classes of converted vegetation height was masked out from the RKL,which yielded in an area of 567 km^(2) as potentially highly suitable habitats for caracals,which can be further proposed as survey areas and conservation priority are

关键词： Medium-sized cat Caracal caracal schmitzi Potentially suitable habitat Drylands Potential survey area

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Isolated gonadotropin deficiency with primary empty sella: Causal or casual association?

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012年第3期2卷 276-278页

作者： Shashank shekhar Chanderdeep sharma Mukesh Surya Neeti Aggarwal Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Dr RPGMC Tanda Kangra India Department of Radiodiagnosis Dr RPGMC Tanda Kangra India Indira Gandhi Medical College (IGMC) Shimla India

Empty sella is a radiological-anatomical entity characterised by a sella turcica filled partially or completely with cerebrospinal fluid, leading to varying degrees of pituitary flattening. Literature reports a 5% - 20% incidence of empty sella in unselected autopsies leading many to argue that its an extreme normal variant. Endocrine dysfunction varies from 8% - 25% with primary empty sella with growth hormone deficiency being most common. However isolated gonadotropin deficiency with normal sized primary empty sella are rare if any. We are reporting a case of isolated gonadotropin deficiency with primary empty sella unable to confirm or refute the association as causal or casual.

关键词： Empty Sella Empty Sella Syndrome Gonadotropin Deficiency

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氮的少量频施对马铃薯产量的影响

园艺与种苗 1990年第6期 49-50页

作者： S.P.sharma J.shekhar 赵侠

印度的喜马偕尔邦的干燥温带是马铃薯种薯的主要生产区。在这一地区种植的作物生长期长达5个月。在陡坡上建成梯田,而作物的需水通过灌溉来满足。该处土壤粗糙,处于壤砂土和砂壤土之间。这类土壤易于侵蚀,导致所需营养的流失。由于氮损... 详细信息

印度的喜马偕尔邦的干燥温带是马铃薯种薯的主要生产区。在这一地区种植的作物生长期长达5个月。在陡坡上建成梯田,而作物的需水通过灌溉来满足。该处土壤粗糙,处于壤砂土和砂壤土之间。这类土壤易于侵蚀,导致所需营养的流失。由于氮损失较多,因此本研

关键词：马铃薯土豆茄属块茎地下茎产量

Impact of Elevated CO2on Wheat Growth and Yield under Free Air CO2Enrichment

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American Journal of Climate Change 2017年第4期6卷 573-596页

作者： Vivek Pandey Marisha sharma Farah Deeba Vivek K. Maurya Sunil K. Gupta Satyendra P. Singh Aradhana Mishra Chandra shekhar Nautiyal Plant Ecology & Environmental Sciences CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow India Division of Plant Microbe Interaction CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow India

Impact of elevated CO2 (free air CO2 enrichment) was studied on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var Kundan) growth, yield and proteome. Elevated CO2 significantly impacted both underground (+24%) and aboveground (+15%) biomass. Grain weight/plant and harvest index were increased by 35% and 11.4%, respectively under high CO2. On the other hand, seed protein content was decreased by 19% under CO2 enrichment while seed starch and soluble sugar contents were increased by 8% and 23%, respectively. Wheat leaf proteomics revealed that 50 proteins were showing differential expression. Twenty proteins were more abundant while 30 were less abundant. Thirty two proteins were identified by MALDI TOF TOF. More abundant proteins were related to defense, photosynthesis, energy metabolism etc. While less abundant proteins were related to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Wheat grain proteomics revealed that out of 49 differentially abundant proteins, 24 were more in abundance and 25 were less in abundance in wheat grains under eCO2 condition. Thirty three proteins were identified and functionally characterized. They were found to be involved mainly in carbon metabolism, storage, defence and proteolysis. Gluten proteins are the major component of wheat storage proteins. Our results showed that both high and low molecular weight glutenins were more in eCO2 wheat seeds while there was no change in gliadin evels. This might alter wheat dough strength. Concentration of grain Cr and As was increased at eCO2 while that of Fe, Cu, Zn and Se were found to be decreased. Dynamics of carbon utilization and metabolic abilities of soil microbes under eCO2 were significantly altered. Our study showed that altered wheat seed composition is cause for concern vis-à-vis nutrition and health and for industries which may have implications for agriculturally dominated country like India.

关键词： Carbon Dioxide FACE Wheat Proteomics Grain Yield Soil Microbes