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Wind environment for a high-rise building adjacent to a vertical wall

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Journal of Chongqing University 2003年第U10期2卷 19-25页

作者： W.K.chow DepartmentofBuildingServicesEngineering TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversityHongKongChina

Adequate provision of natural ventilation in tropical areas is regarded as one of the design cntena for assessing ‘green'' or ’‘sustainable'' building. Driving forces for natural ventilation in those areas are basically wind-induced action, not stack effect nor buoyancy of warm air columns. Wind-induced air movement is a transient phenomenon depends not only on the wind speeds measured in some designated sites, but strongly affected by the surrounding environment. This is particularly obvious in a dense urban area where buildings are closely built together. For a building located adjacent to a taller building, turbulent effects due to incident wind fields would be important. Note that windows or even refuge floors might be opened at some levels, giving flow paths to change the entire patterns of air flow and pressure distnbution. In this paper, the wind-induced indoor airflow in a building adjacent to a vertical wall is studied by Computational Fluid Dynamics. A CFD software based on large-eddy simulations is selected. Different scenanos on building height, openings and distances away from the vertical wall will be simulated. Incident airflows of a parabolic boundary layer and a top-hat flow pattern are considered. The separate flow at the sharp comer would be different for these two incident airflow profiles. Results are useful not only for providing better ventilation design, but also for working out fire safety management in case of accidents. Note that smoke, or even flame, will spread by following the wind-induced air motion.

关键词：高层建筑物空气流通垂直墙体热空气风速

DEVELOPMENT OF A MORE MARKET-ORIENTED ECONOMY IN CHINA

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中山大学学报(社会科学版) 1987年第4期 1-15页

作者： Gregory C. chow

SummaryAfter describing the economic institutions for agriculture and industry in China before 1978, this paper points out the reasons for and the key elements of economic reform. It then discusses the major issues currently being deliberated by the leading economic reform officials regarding reform of the price system, the administrative structure of state-owned enterprises, the banking system and macroeconomic control mechanisms, and foreign trade and investment. Finally future prospects of the reform and of China’s economic development will be *** transformation of the economy of the People’s Republic of China from a planned to a more market-oriented economy is perhaps the most significant development in world history during the last quarter of the twentieth century what was the Chinese economic system like before 1979? why were reforms introduced? what are their essential elements? what are the important issues currently addressed by the reform officials? what are the future prospects? These are the questions to be answered in this paper. The Chinese economy is a complicated entity with many dimensions. Space permits discussion of only those aspects pertinent to the transition to a more market-oriented economy.

关键词：市场导向经济中华人民共和国 DEVELOPMENT OF A MORE MARKET-ORIENTED ECONOMY IN CHINA Bank 中山大学学报

Nonlinear Pulse Compression and Reshaping Using Cross-Phase Modulation in a Dispersion-Shifted Fiber

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 395-396页

作者： S. W. Chan K. K. chow C. Shu The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electronic Engineering Shatin N.T. Hong KongThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electronic Engineering Shatin N.T. Hong KongThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electronic Engineering Shatin N.T. Hong Kong

Nonlinear pulse compression has been demonstrated by cross-phase modulation in a dispersion-shifted fiber. The output is obtained from filtering of the broadened optical spectrum and a pulse width reduction from 61 to... 详细信息

关键词： DSF of line on IEEE as in Nonlinear Pulse Compression and Reshaping Using Cross-Phase Modulation in a Dispersion-Shifted Fiber EDFA XPM dBm

The Relative Contribution of Non-Foliar Organs of Cotton to Yield and Related Physiological Characteristics Under Water Defi cit

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第5期13卷 975-989页

作者： HU Yuan-yuan ZHANG Ya-li YI Xiao-ping ZHAN Dong-xia LUO Hong-hai chow Wah Soon ZHANG Wang-feng The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture Xinjiang Production and Construction Group Shihezi University Division of Plant Science Research School of Biology The Australian National University

Water deficit is one of the most important causes of decreased yield in cultivated plants. Non-foliar green organs in cotton play an important role in yield formation at the late growth stage. Although better photosynthetic performance was observed in a non-foliar organ （bract） compared with leaves under water deficit. However, the physiological response of each organ in cotton to water deficit has not been comprehensively studied in relation to the water status and photosynthesis characteristics. We studied the maintenance of water status of each organ in cotton by measuring their relative water content, proline content and stomatal characteristics. Water deficit significantly decreased the surface area of each organ, but to a lesser extent in non-foliar organs. Our results showed that the relative contribution of biomass accumulation of non-foliar organs increased under water deficit. Non-foliar organs （bracts and capsule wall） showed less ontogenetic decrease in O2 evolution capacity and in RuBPC activity （per dry weight） as well as better antioxidant systems than leaves at various days after anthesis. We conclude that the photosynthesis from non-foliar organs is important for increasing cotton yield especially under water deficit conditions.

关键词： non-foliar organ water deficit water status antioxidant systems biomass accumulation cotton

STRATIGRAPHY AND TECTONIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUTHEASTERN HUPEH

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地质学报 1956年第1期 48-52页

作者： chow Sheng-Sheng Central South Geological Bureau

The present paper first gives a stratigraphical succession of the varioussedimentary strata exposed in the mentioned region as shown in the followingtable:

关键词： STRATIGRAPHY AND TECTONIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUTHEASTERN HUPEH

MESOZOIC FRESHWATER MOLLUSCAN FAUNULES FROM SHANTUNG,SHENSI AND KANSU

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古生物学报 1953年第3期 175-179页

作者： MINCHEN M.chow

The Mesozoic freshwater molluscs described in this paper were from the provincesof Shantung,Shensi,and *** Shantung specimens were collected in 1951 by theLaboratory of Vertebrate Paleontology at Chinkongkou,Laiyang,Shantung in associationwith the dinosaur *** from Shensi and Kansu,which comprise the greaterportion of the material in the collection,were collected from the Northwestern Provincesduring the year 1952,and sent for study by the Bureau of Petroleum *** paper gives a description of the new forms together with a brief discussion of thestratigraphy of the fossil-bearing formations

关键词： MESOZOIC FRESHWATER MOLLUSCAN FAUNULES FROM SHANTUNG,SHENSI AND KANSU 周明镇

Medical education at the University of Hong Kong:changes and challenges

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Chinese Medical Journal 1997年第6期110卷 5-9页

作者： S.P.chow A.S.Dixon Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

ＭｅｄｉｃａｌｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｔｔｈｅＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇ：ｃｈａｎｇｅｓａｎｄｃｈａｌｅｎｇｅｓＳ．Ｐ．ＣｈｏｗａｎｄＡ．Ｓ．ＤｉｘｏｎＡｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ，ｆａｒｒｅａｃｈｉｎｇｃ... 详细信息

ＭｅｄｉｃａｌｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｔｔｈｅＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇ：ｃｈａｎｇｅｓａｎｄｃｈａｌｅｎｇｅｓＳ．Ｐ．ＣｈｏｗａｎｄＡ．Ｓ．ＤｉｘｏｎＡｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ，ｆａｒｒｅａｃｈｉｎｇｃｈａｎｇｅｓａｒｅｔａｋｉｎｇｐｌ...

关键词： challenges

Application of Nonlinear Dynamics in Studying Flashover Fire in a Small Open Kitchen

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2016年第5期4卷 914-924页

作者： Wan Ki chow Jing Liu Research Centre for Fire Engineering Department of Building Services Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

Open kitchen designs are found in small units in tall residential buildings of Asian-Oceania regions for better space utilization. As many combustibles are stored in small residential units, fire originated in the open kitchen can grow and spread fast. Consequently, flashover can occur to give a big fire and result in severe casualties and property damage. Nonlinear dynamics can be applied to predict critical heat release rate to flashover in the unit with an open kitchen and will be illustrated in this paper. Based on a two-zone model, temperature of the hot smoke layer was taken as the system state variable. An evolution equation was developed with selective control parameters. Onsetting of flashover using a nonlinear dynamical system was demonstrated in the example residential units. Effects of the floor dimensions, the radiation feedback coefficient and thermal properties of wall material on the onset of flashover were then examined and analyzed. The developed nonlinear dynamical model for studying the onset of flashover gives a better understanding of the various control parameters.

关键词： Bifurcation Flashover Nonlinear Dynamics Open Kitchen Small Residential Unit

Evaluation of antiviral activities of Houttuynia cordata ***,quercetin,quercetrin and cinanserin on murine coronavirus and dengue virus infection

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第1期9卷 1-7页

作者： K.H.Chiow M.C.Phoon Thomas Putti Benny K.H.Tan Vincent T.chow Department of Microbiology Department of Pathologyand Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University Health SystemNational University of Singapore

Objective:To evaluate the in vitro activities of the ethyl acetate(EA) fraction of Houttuynia cordata(***) Thunb.(Saururaceae) and three of its constituent flavonoids(*** and rutin) against murine coronavirus and dengue virus(DENV).Methods:The antiviral activities of various concentrations of the EA fraction of *** and flavonoids were assessed using virus neutralization tests against mouse hepatitis virus(MHV) and DENV type 2(DENV-2).Cinanserin hydrochloride was also tested against *** EA fraction of *** was tested for acute oral toxicity in C57BL/6 ***:The EA fraction of *** inhibited viral infectivity up to 6 *** hydrochloride was able to inhibit MHV for only 2 *** 50%inhibitory concentrations(IC_(50)) of the EA fraction of *** added before the viral adsorption stage were 0.98 μg/mL for MHV and 7.50 μg/mL for DENV-2with absence of *** mice fed with the EA fraction up to 2 000 mg/kg did not induce any signs of acute toxicity,with normal histological features of major *** flavonoids exhibited comparatively weaker antiviral activity,notably quercetin which could inhibit both MHV and *** was followed by quercitrin which could inhibit DENV-2but not MHV,whereas rutin did not exert any inhibitory effect on either *** quercetin was combined with quercitrin,enhancement of anti-DENV-2 activity and reduced cytotoxicity were ***,the synergistic efficacy of the flavonoid combination was still less than that of the EA ***:The compounds in *** contribute to the superior antiviral efficacy of the EA fraction which lacked cytotoxicity in vitro and acute toxicity in *** has much potential for the development of antiviral agents against coronavirus and dengue infections.

关键词： Houttuynia cordata Murine coronavirus Dengue virus Quercetin Quercetrin Cinanserin