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Systematic Errors Induced by the Elliptical Power-law model in Galaxy–Galaxy Strong Lens Modeling

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第2期22卷 143-172页

作者： Xiaoyue Cao Ran Li J.W.Nightingale Richard Massey Andrew Robertson Carlos SFrenk Aristeidis Amvrosiadis Nicola CAmorisco Qiuhan He Amy Etherington shaun cole Kai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences20A Datun RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100012China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute for Computational Cosmology Physics DepartmentDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH13LEUnited Kingdom

The elliptical power-law model of the mass in a galaxy is widely used in strong gravitational lensing ***,the distribution of mass in real galaxies is more *** quantify the biases due to this model mismatch by simulating and then analyzing mock Hubble Space Telescope imaging of lenses with mass distributions inferred from SDSS-Ma NGA stellar dynamics *** find accurate recovery of source galaxy morphology,except for a slight tendency to infer sources to be more compact than their true *** Einstein radius of the lens is also robustly recovered with 0.1%accuracy,as is the global density slope,with 2.5%relative systematic error,compared to the 3.4%intrinsic ***,asymmetry in real lenses also leads to a spurious fitted"external shear"with typical strengthγext=***,time delays inferred from lens modeling without measurements of stellar dynamics are typically underestimated by~5%.Using such measurements from a sub-sample of 37 lenses would bias measurements of the Hubble constant H0 by~9%.Although this work is based on a particular set of Ma NGA galaxies,and the specific value of the detected biases may change for another set of strong lenses,our results strongly suggest the next generation cosmography needs to use more complex lens mass models.

关键词： galaxies:structure galaxies:halos gravitational lensing:strong

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Rising concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Nigerian foodstuffs despite global restrictions

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第1期10卷 54-59页

作者： Yulong Ma William A.Stubbings Reginald Cline-cole Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah Stuart Harrad School of Geography Earthand Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK Department of African Studies&Anthropology School of History and CulturesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK

The presence of brominated flame retardants(BFRs)in foodstuffs of African origin is poorly *** fill this gap,animal-derived food samples comprising 13 different items originally from Nigeria were obtained in 2021,and concentrations of novel brominated flame retardants(NBFRs),polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),and hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD)were *** mean concentrations of NBFRs,PBDEs,and HBCDD in Nigerian foodstuffs were 2.1 ng/g(18 ng/g lipid weight(lw)),1.3 ng/g(9.2 ng/g lw),and 0.42 ng/g(2.8 ng/g lw),with median concentrations of 1.7 ng/g(14 ng/g lw),1.1 ng/g(8.2 ng/g lw),and<0.34 ng/g(<3.3 ng/g lw),*** concentrations of NBFRs than of PBDEs and HBCDDs in Nigerian foodstuffs likely reflect use of NBFRs as substitutes for legacy BFRs in *** with previous dietary studies reveals rising concentrations of PBDEs in Nigerian foodstuffs in recent years with associated rises in dietary exposure,possibly due to active domestic use of PBDEs in ***,comparison of our exposure estimates with health-based limit values suggests adverse health effects of dietary intake of BFRs by Nigerians are unlikely to occur.

关键词： BFRs Alternative flame retardants Dietary exposure Health risks Food

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Deforestation in Latin America in the 2000s predominantly occurred outside of typical mature forests

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 88-98页

作者： Zhiyu Zhang Wenjian Ni shaun Quegan Jingming Chen Peng Gong Luiz Carlos Estraviz Rodriguez Huadong Guo Jiancheng Shi Liangyun Liu Zengyuan Li Yating He Qinhuo Liu Yosio Shimabukuro Guoqing Sun Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Chinal of Mathematics and Statistics University of SheffieldSheffield S37RHUK Department of Geography and Program in Planning University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G3Canada Department of Earth Sciences and Department of Geography University of Hong KongHong KongChina Forest Science Department Luiz de Queiroz College of AgricultureUniversity of São PauloAv.Pádua Dias11Piracicaba 13418-900Brazil National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Research Institute of Forest Policy and Information Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Remote Sensing Department National Institute for Space Research(INPE)Av.dos Astronautas 1758São Josédos Campos 12227-010Brazil Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

The role of tropical forests in the global carbon budget remains controversial,as carbon emissions from deforestation are highly *** high uncertainty arises from the use of either fixed forest carbon stock density or maps generated from satellite-based optical reflectance with limited sensitivity to biomass to generate accurate estimates of emissions from *** space missions aiming to accurately map the carbon stock density rely on direct measurements of the spatial structures of forests using lidar and *** found that lost forests are special cases,and their spatial structures can be directly measured by combining archived data acquired before and after deforestation by space missions principally aimed at measuring ***,using biomass mapping,we obtained new estimates of carbon loss from deforestation ahead of forthcoming space ***,using a high-resolution map of forest loss and the synergy of radar and lidar to estimate the aboveground biomass density of forests,we found that deforestation in the 2000s in Latin America,one of the severely deforested regions,mainly occurred in forests with a significantly lower carbon stock density than typical mature forests.

关键词： forest Latin lidar

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Theoretical Research on a D-band Traveling Wave Extended Interaction Amplifier

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年

作者： Zhongtao CUI Xuesong YUAN Xiaotao XU Dongrui CHEN Yifan ZU Matthew Thomas cole Qingyun CHEN Yang YAN Terahertz Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Electronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Bath

A traveling-wave, extended interaction amplifier is herein investigated for use in millimeter-wave and terahertz amplification sources. By placing engineered extended interaction cavities between the traveling wave structures, higher gain is obtained with a shorter high frequency circuit, compared with conventional traveling wave tubes architectures. The bandwidth of the device is significantly increased relative to extended interaction klystrons. A Dband beam wave interaction circuit of 26 mm long has been designed. Particle in cell simulations at 21.5 kV operating voltage, 0.3 A beam current, and 5 mW input power show that the maximum output power reaches 351 W, with a gain of 48.4 dB and 3-dB bandwidth of 1.42 GHz.

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Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph Rich Brian cole Teng Li Brandon Lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.Smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong James L.Doherty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian Aaron D.Franklin Tony Jun Huang Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Deptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan Department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The addition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluidics has greatly advanced lab-on-a-chip applications due to their unique and powerful attributes,including high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and rapid ***,the development of SAW microfluidic devices is limited by complex and time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and vacuum-based *** simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluidic devices with customizable dimensions and functions,we utilized the additive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fabricated customized SAW microfluidic devices of varying materials,including silver nanowires,graphene,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS).To characterize and compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed SAW microfluidic devices with their cleanroom-fabricated counterparts,the wave displacements and resonant frequencies of the different fabricated devices were directly measured through scanning laser Doppler ***,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed devices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully conducted acoustic streaming and particle concentration ***,we demonstrated a novel solution-based,direct-write,single-step,cleanroom-free additive manufacturing technique to rapidly develop SAW microfluidic devices that shows viability for applications in the fields of biology,chemistry,engineering,and medicine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

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Capturing CO2 Emissions in the George C. Wallace Tunnel: A Case Study

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2024年第3期15卷 83-94页

作者： Gabe Canitz cole Ciesta Klint Green Justin Sanders Jason Valencia Jeremy Willingham Daniel Fonseca Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA

This paper describes the design of a ventilation system to be paired with a carbon capture system. The ventilation system utilizes the geometry of the George C. Wallace tunnel, located in the City of Mobile, Alabama, USA to capture and redirect emissions to a direct air capture (DAC) device to sequester 25% of the total CO2 mass generated from inside the tunnel. The total CO2 mass rate for the westbound traffic between the week-day hours of 7 a.m. and 6 p.m. has been estimated between 2,300 to 3,000 lbs./hr. By sequestering these emissions, the overall surrounding air quality was shown to be improved to a level that mirrors that from the pre-US industrial era of 270 ppm.

关键词： CO2 Capture Tunnel Ventilation Air Flow Analysis Jet Fan Sizing

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Comparison of trigeminal lateralization with differing stimulants

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 66-69页

作者： Tiffany Chen Nicolas S.Poupore Michael C.Shih Thomas S.Edwards shaun A.Nguyen Zachary M.Soler Rodney J.Schlosser Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Trigeminal-specific stimulants have been shown to activate different receptors preferentially and this likely accounts for variation in sensory *** is unclear whether trigeminal sensitivity is similar across different transient receptor potential(TRP)receptors or if dysfunction of different receptors results in differing patient ***,a prospective cohort study was conducted,consisting of trigeminal lateralization testing with three different stimulants(eucalyptol,isothiocyanate,acetic acid),olfaction testing with Sniffin'Sticks,and measurement of various patient‐reported outcome measures(PROMs).A total of 50 participants were enrolled across the olfactory *** TDI score was 27.1±8.3(range 7.0–39.5)with 38%normosmic and 62%*** trigeminal lateralization scores out of 20 in the overall cohort were 16.18(2.78)for eucalyptol,14.94(3.49)for mustard oil,and 15.28(3.68)for *** showed a significant correlation with threshold scores of Sniffin'Sticks.A significant correlation was found between acetic acid and various *** of the lateralization scores of the trigeminal stimulants correlated to each other significantly and there was no correlation to *** lack of correlation suggests that the measured sensitivity of one type of TRP receptor may not translate to similar sensitivity of the other *** investigations with TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists are needed to corroborate our findings.

关键词： chemosensory olfaction trigeminal TRP receptor

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A framework for quantifying properties of 3-dimensional movement-based signals

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 327-336页

作者： shaun TD NEW Richard A PETERS ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science Division of EvolutionEcology & GeneticsResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National University

Understanding how signal properties are optimized for the reliable transmission of information requires accurate de- scription of the signal in time and space. For movement-based signals where movement is restricted to a single plane, measure- ments from a single viewpoint can be used to consider a range of viewing positions based on simple geometric calculations. However, considerations of signal properties from a range of viewing positions for movements extending into three-dimensions （3D） are more problematic. We present here a new framework that overcomes this limitation, and enables us to quantify the extent to which movement-based signals are view-specific. To illustrate its application, a Jacky lizard tail flick signal was filmed with synchronized cameras and the position of the tail tip digitized for both recordings. Camera aligmnent enabled tl^e construction of a 3D display action pattern profile. We analyzed the profile directly and used it to create a detailed 3D animation. In the virtual environment, we were able to film the same signal from multiple viewing positions and using a computational motion analysis algorithm （gradient detector model） to measure local image velocity in order to predict view dependent differences in signal properties. This approach will enable consideration of a range of questions concerning movement-based signal design and evolu- tion that were previously out of reach [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 327-336, 2010].

关键词： Signal evolution Sensory Ecology Movement-based signal 3D Display Action Pattern

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Early evolution of vertebrate photoreception: lessons from lampreys and lungfishes

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第1期4卷 87-98页

作者： shaun P.COLLIN Sensory Neurobiology Group School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia

Lampreys(Agnatha)and lungfish(Dipnoi)are representatives of the earliest and the intermediate stages in ver-tebrate evolution,respectively,and survived in the Cambrian(approximately 540 mA,lampreys)and Devonian(approximately 400 mA,lungfishes)*** unique phylogenetic position of these two groups presents us with an exciting opportunity to understand life in ancient times and to begin to trace the evolution of vision and photoreception in *** a multidisciplinary approach employing anatomical and molecular techniques,the evolution of photoreception is explored in these extant,living fossils to predict the environmental lighting conditions to which our vertebrate ancestors were *** to expectations,the retinae of the southern hemisphere lamprey(Geotria australis Gray,1851)and the Australian lungfish(Neoceratodus forsteri Krefft,1870)are far from“primitive,”each possessing five types of photoreceptors,many with spectral filters for tuning the *** ultrastructural analysis reveals that all five receptor types in *** are cone-like,whereas *** possesses four cone types and a single type of *** receptor type also contains a different visual pigment(opsin gene);that is,LWS,SWS1,SWS2,RhA and RhB in *** and LWS,SWS1,SWS2,Rh1 and Rh2 in ***,all of which are expressed within the retina and are sensitive to different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum,providing the potential for pentachromatic and tetrachromatic color vision,respectively.

关键词： color vision evolution fishes photoreceptors retina.

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Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Driver Noncooperative-Game Steering Control Behavior

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第1期8卷 189-205页

作者： Xiaoxiang Na David cole the Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB21PZUK

This paper investigates two noncooperative-game strategies which may be used to represent a human driver's steering control behavior in response to vehicle automated steering *** first strategy,namely the Nash strategy is derived based on the assumption that a Nash equilibrium is reached in a noncooperative game of vehicle path-following control involving a driver and a vehicle automated steering *** second one,namely the Stackelberg strategy is derived based on the assumption that a Stackelberg equilibrium is reached in a similar context.A simulation study is performed to study the differences between the two proposed noncooperativegame *** experiment using a fixed-base driving simulator is carried out to measure six test drivers'steering behavior in response to vehicle automated steering *** Nash strategy is then fitted to measured driver steering wheel angles following a model identification *** weight parameters involved in the Nash strategy are *** is found that the proposed Nash strategy with the identified control weights is capable of representing the trend of measured driver steering behavior and vehicle lateral *** is also found that the proposed Nash strategy is superior to the classic driver steering control strategy which has widely been used for modeling driver steering control over the past.A discussion on improving automated steering control using the gained knowledge of driver noncooperative-game steering control behavior was made.

关键词： Driver experiment model identification noncooperative game steering control strategy vehicle

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